add lfp, vanadium, lair, pair battery technologies as storage units

config/config.default.yaml

@@ -101,12 +101,15 @@ electricity:
 
   max_hours:
     li-ion battery: [6]
+    vanadium: [10]
+    lair: [12]
+    pair: [24]
     H2: [168]
     iron-air battery: [100]
 
   extendable_carriers:
     Generator: [solar, solar-hsat, onwind, offwind-ac, offwind-dc, offwind-float, OCGT, CCGT]
-    StorageUnit: [] # li-ion battery, H2
+    StorageUnit: [] # li-ion battery, H2, lfp, vanadium, lair, pair
     Store: [li-ion battery, H2]
     Link: [] # H2 pipeline
 

config/config.form.yaml

@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ co2_budget:
 # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#electricity
 electricity:
   max_hours:
-    li-ion battery: [4, 6]
+    li-ion battery: [1, 2, 4, 8]
+    vanadium: [10]
+    lair: [12]
+    pair: [24]
     H2: [168]
     iron-air battery: [100]
   extendable_carriers:
@@ -92,6 +95,11 @@ atlite:
       dy: 0.3
       time: ['2013', '2013']
 
+# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#renewable
+renewable:
+  hydro:
+    PHS_max_hours: 10
+
 # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#lines
 lines:
   dynamic_line_rating:
@@ -155,7 +163,7 @@ sector:
   tes: true
   marginal_cost_storage: 0. #1e-4
   stores: ["H2"]
-  storage_units: ["li-ion battery", "iron-air battery"]
+  storage_units: ["li-ion battery", "vanadium", "lair", "pair", "iron-air battery"]
   hydrogen_fuel_cell: true
   hydrogen_turbine: false
   hydrogen_underground_storage: true
@@ -213,3 +221,17 @@ clustering:
     DE: 0.6
   temporal:
     resolution_sector: 100H #2920SEG # TODO: low for development, change this later
+
+costs:
+  efficiency:
+    Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger: 0.7745
+  investment:
+    iron-air battery: 23.5
+
+plotting:
+  tech_colors:
+    # all battery variation:
+    lfp: '#ace37f'
+    vanadium: '#9B111E'
+    lair: '#87CEEB'
+    pair: '#003366'

scripts/add_electricity.py

@@ -295,12 +295,85 @@ def costs_for_storage(store, link1, link2=None, max_hours=1.0):
             max_hours=max_hour,
         )
     # cost for default li-ion battery which will be the first max_hour archetype
-    costs.loc[f"li-ion battery"] = costs_for_storage(
+    costs.loc["li-ion battery"] = costs_for_storage(
         costs.loc["battery storage"],
         costs.loc["battery inverter"],
         max_hours=max_hours["li-ion battery"][0],
     )
 
+    for max_hour in max_hours["iron-air battery"]:
+        costs.loc[f"iron-air battery {max_hour}h"] = costs_for_storage(
+            costs.loc["iron-air battery"],
+            costs.loc["iron-air battery charge"],
+            costs.loc["iron-air battery discharge"],
+            max_hours=max_hour,
+        )
+
+    # cost for default iron-air battery which will be the first max_hour archetype
+    costs.loc["iron-air battery"] = costs_for_storage(
+        costs.loc["iron-air battery"],
+        costs.loc["iron-air battery charge"],
+        costs.loc["iron-air battery discharge"],
+        max_hours=max_hours["iron-air battery"][0],
+    )
+
+    for max_hour in max_hours["lfp"]:
+        costs.loc[f"lfp {max_hour}h"] = costs_for_storage(
+            costs.loc["Lithium-Ion-LFP-store"],
+            costs.loc["Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger"],
+            max_hours=max_hour,
+        )
+    # cost for default li-ion battery which will be the first max_hour archetype
+    costs.loc["lfp"] = costs_for_storage(
+        costs.loc["Lithium-Ion-LFP-store"],
+        costs.loc["Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger"],
+        max_hours=max_hours["lfp"][0],
+    )
+
+    for max_hour in max_hours["vanadium"]:
+        costs.loc[f"vanadium {max_hour}h"] = costs_for_storage(
+            costs.loc["Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store"],
+            costs.loc["Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger"],
+            max_hours=max_hour,
+        )
+
+    # cost for default vanadium which will be the first max_hour archetype
+    costs.loc["vanadium"] = costs_for_storage(
+        costs.loc["Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store"],
+        costs.loc["Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger"],
+        max_hours=max_hours["vanadium"][0],
+    )
+
+    for max_hour in max_hours["lair"]:
+        costs.loc[f"lair {max_hour}h"] = costs_for_storage(
+            costs.loc["Liquid-Air-store"],
+            costs.loc["Liquid-Air-charger"],
+            costs.loc["Liquid-Air-discharger"],
+            max_hours=max_hour,
+        )
+
+    # cost for default liquid air which will be the first max_hour archetype
+    costs.loc["lair"] = costs_for_storage(
+        costs.loc["Liquid-Air-store"],
+        costs.loc["Liquid-Air-charger"],
+        costs.loc["Liquid-Air-discharger"],
+        max_hours=max_hours["lair"][0],
+    )
+
+    for max_hour in max_hours["pair"]:
+        costs.loc[f"pair {max_hour}h"] = costs_for_storage(
+            costs.loc["Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store"],
+            costs.loc["Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger"],
+            max_hours=max_hour,
+        )
+
+    # cost for default CAES which will be the first max_hour archetype
+    costs.loc["pair"] = costs_for_storage(
+        costs.loc["Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store"],
+        costs.loc["Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger"],
+        max_hours=max_hours["pair"][0],
+    )
+
     for max_hour in max_hours["H2"]:
         costs.loc[f"H2 {max_hour}h"] = costs_for_storage(
             costs.loc["hydrogen storage underground"],
@@ -309,7 +382,7 @@ def costs_for_storage(store, link1, link2=None, max_hours=1.0):
             max_hours=max_hour,
         )
     # cost for default H2 underground storage which will be the first max_hour archetype
-    costs.loc[f"H2"] = costs_for_storage(
+    costs.loc["H2"] = costs_for_storage(
         costs.loc["hydrogen storage underground"],
         costs.loc["fuel cell"],
         costs.loc["electrolysis"],
@@ -889,8 +962,10 @@ def attach_storageunits(n, costs, extendable_carriers, max_hours):
 
     buses_i = n.buses.index
 
-    lookup_store = {"H2": "electrolysis", "li-ion battery": "battery inverter"}
-    lookup_dispatch = {"H2": "fuel cell", "li-ion battery": "battery inverter"}
+    lookup_store = {"H2": "electrolysis", "li-ion battery": "battery inverter", "iron-air battery": "iron-air battery charge", "lfp": "Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger", 
+    "vanadium": "Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger", "lair":  "Liquid-Air-charger", "pair": "Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger"}
+    lookup_dispatch = {"H2": "fuel cell", "li-ion battery": "battery inverter", "iron-air battery": "iron-air battery discharge", "lfp": "Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger", 
+    "vanadium": "Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger", "lair":  "Liquid-Air-discharger", "pair": "Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger"}
 
     for carrier in carriers:
         roundtrip_correction = 0.5 if carrier == "li-ion battery" else 1
@@ -1000,7 +1075,7 @@ def attach_stores(n, costs, extendable_carriers):
             p_nom_extendable=True,
             marginal_cost=costs.at["battery inverter", "marginal_cost"],
         )
-
+        
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     if "snakemake" not in globals():

scripts/prepare_sector_network.py

@@ -1128,6 +1128,36 @@ def costs_for_storage(store, link1=None, link2=None, max_hours=1.0):
             costs.loc["home battery inverter"],
             max_hours=max_hour,
         )
+
+    for max_hour in max_hours["lfp"]:
+        costs.loc[f"lfp {max_hour}h"] = costs_for_storage(
+            costs.loc["Lithium-Ion-LFP-store"],
+            costs.loc["Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger"],
+            max_hours=max_hour,
+        )
+
+    for max_hour in max_hours["vanadium"]:
+        costs.loc[f"vanadium {max_hour}h"] = costs_for_storage(
+            costs.loc["Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store"],
+            costs.loc["Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger"],
+            max_hours=max_hour,
+        )
+
+    for max_hour in max_hours["lair"]:
+        costs.loc[f"lair {max_hour}h"] = costs_for_storage(
+            costs.loc["Liquid-Air-store"],
+            costs.loc["Liquid-Air-charger"],
+            costs.loc["Liquid-Air-discharger"],
+            max_hours=max_hour,
+        )
+
+    for max_hour in max_hours["pair"]:
+        costs.loc[f"pair {max_hour}h"] = costs_for_storage(
+            costs.loc["Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store"],
+            costs.loc["Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger"],
+            max_hours=max_hour,
+        )
+
     for max_hour in max_hours["iron-air battery"]:
         costs.loc[f"iron-air battery storage {max_hour}h"] = costs_for_storage(
             costs.loc["iron-air battery"],
@@ -1470,7 +1500,7 @@ def add_storageunits(n, costs, carriers, max_hours):
     nodes = pop_layout.index
 
     # check for not implemented storage technologies
-    implemented = ["H2", "li-ion battery", "iron-air battery"]
+    implemented = ["H2", "li-ion battery", "iron-air battery", "lfp", "vanadium", "lair", "pair"]
     not_implemented = list(set(carriers).difference(implemented))
     available_carriers = list(set(carriers).intersection(implemented))
     if len(not_implemented) > 0:
@@ -1480,8 +1510,10 @@ def add_storageunits(n, costs, carriers, max_hours):
     missing_carriers = list(set(available_carriers).difference(n.carriers.index))
     n.add("Carrier", missing_carriers)
 
-    lookup_store = {"H2": "electrolysis", "li-ion battery": "battery inverter", "iron-air battery": "iron-air battery charge"}
-    lookup_dispatch = {"H2": "fuel cell", "li-ion battery": "battery inverter", "iron-air battery": "iron-air battery discharge"}
+    lookup_store = {"H2": "electrolysis", "li-ion battery": "battery inverter", "iron-air battery": "iron-air battery charge",
+    "lfp": "Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger", "vanadium": "Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger", "lair":  "Liquid-Air-charger", "pair": "Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger"}
+    lookup_dispatch = {"H2": "fuel cell", "li-ion battery": "battery inverter", "iron-air battery": "iron-air battery discharge",
+    "lfp": "Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger", "vanadium": "Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger", "lair":  "Liquid-Air-discharger", "pair": "Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger"}
 
     for carrier in available_carriers:
         for max_hour in max_hours[carrier]: