fix(storage): reject query upon dropped table

[zwang28]

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What's changed and what's your intention?

WIP
To fix #7615, we would adopt this solution.

Checklist

• I have written necessary rustdoc comments
• I have added necessary unit tests and integration tests
• I have added fuzzing tests or opened an issue to track them. (Optional, recommended for new SQL features).
• I have demonstrated that backward compatibility is not broken by breaking changes and created issues to track deprecated features to be removed in the future. (Please refer the issue)
• All checks passed in ./risedev check (or alias, ./risedev c)

Documentation

If your pull request contains user-facing changes, please specify the types of the changes, and create a release note. Otherwise, please feel free to remove this section.

Types of user-facing changes

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• Installation and deployment
• Connector (sources & sinks)
• SQL commands, functions, and operators
• RisingWave cluster configuration changes
• Other (please specify in the release note below)

Release note

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Refer to a related PR or issue link (optional)

fix #7615