[refurb] Implement regex-flag-alias with fix (FURB167) (#9516)

## Summary

add
[`FURB167`/`use-long-regex-flag`](https://github.com/dosisod/refurb/blob/master/refurb/checks/regex/use_long_flag.py)
with autofix

See: #1348 

## Test Plan

`cargo test`

---------

Co-authored-by: Charlie Marsh <charlie.r.marsh@gmail.com>

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/refurb/FURB167.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+def func():
+    import re
+
+    # OK
+    if re.match("^hello", "hello world", re.IGNORECASE):
+        pass
+
+
+def func():
+    import re
+
+    # FURB167
+    if re.match("^hello", "hello world", re.I):
+        pass
+
+
+def func():
+    from re import match, I
+
+    # FURB167
+    if match("^hello", "hello world", I):
+        pass

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/expression.rs

@@ -170,6 +170,9 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
                     if checker.enabled(Rule::CollectionsNamedTuple) {
                         flake8_pyi::rules::collections_named_tuple(checker, expr);
                     }
+                    if checker.enabled(Rule::RegexFlagAlias) {
+                        refurb::rules::regex_flag_alias(checker, expr);
+                    }
 
                     // Ex) List[...]
                     if checker.any_enabled(&[
@@ -293,6 +296,9 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
                     }
                 }
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::RegexFlagAlias) {
+                refurb::rules::regex_flag_alias(checker, expr);
+            }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::DatetimeTimezoneUTC) {
                 if checker.settings.target_version >= PythonVersion::Py311 {
                     pyupgrade::rules::datetime_utc_alias(checker, expr);

crates/ruff_linter/src/codes.rs

@@ -987,6 +987,7 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         (Refurb, "152") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::MathConstant),
         (Refurb, "161") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::BitCount),
         (Refurb, "163") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::RedundantLogBase),
+        (Refurb, "167") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::RegexFlagAlias),
         (Refurb, "168") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::IsinstanceTypeNone),
         (Refurb, "169") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::TypeNoneComparison),
         (Refurb, "171") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::SingleItemMembershipTest),

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/refurb/mod.rs

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test_case(Rule::ImplicitCwd, Path::new("FURB177.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::SingleItemMembershipTest, Path::new("FURB171.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::BitCount, Path::new("FURB161.py"))]
+    #[test_case(Rule::RegexFlagAlias, Path::new("FURB167.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::IsinstanceTypeNone, Path::new("FURB168.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::TypeNoneComparison, Path::new("FURB169.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::RedundantLogBase, Path::new("FURB163.py"))]

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/refurb/rules/mod.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ pub(crate) use math_constant::*;
 pub(crate) use print_empty_string::*;
 pub(crate) use read_whole_file::*;
 pub(crate) use redundant_log_base::*;
+pub(crate) use regex_flag_alias::*;
 pub(crate) use reimplemented_operator::*;
 pub(crate) use reimplemented_starmap::*;
 pub(crate) use repeated_append::*;
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ mod math_constant;
 mod print_empty_string;
 mod read_whole_file;
 mod redundant_log_base;
+mod regex_flag_alias;
 mod reimplemented_operator;
 mod reimplemented_starmap;
 mod repeated_append;

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/refurb/rules/regex_flag_alias.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+use ruff_diagnostics::{AlwaysFixableViolation, Diagnostic, Edit, Fix};
+use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
+use ruff_python_ast::Expr;
+use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
+
+use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
+use crate::importer::ImportRequest;
+
+/// ## What it does
+/// Checks for the use of shorthand aliases for regular expression flags
+/// (e.g., `re.I` instead of `re.IGNORECASE`).
+///
+/// ## Why is this bad?
+/// The regular expression module provides descriptive names for each flag,
+/// along with single-letter aliases. Prefer the descriptive names, as they
+/// are more readable and self-documenting.
+///
+/// ## Example
+/// ```python
+/// import re
+///
+/// if re.match("^hello", "hello world", re.I):
+///     ...
+/// ```
+///
+/// Use instead:
+/// ```python
+/// import re
+///
+/// if re.match("^hello", "hello world", re.IGNORECASE):
+///     ...
+/// ```
+///
+#[violation]
+pub struct RegexFlagAlias {
+    alias: &'static str,
+    full_name: &'static str,
+}
+
+impl AlwaysFixableViolation for RegexFlagAlias {
+    #[derive_message_formats]
+    fn message(&self) -> String {
+        let RegexFlagAlias { alias, .. } = self;
+        format!("Use of regular expression alias `re.{alias}`")
+    }
+
+    fn fix_title(&self) -> String {
+        let RegexFlagAlias { full_name, .. } = self;
+        format!("Replace with `re.{full_name}`")
+    }
+}
+
+/// FURB167
+pub(crate) fn regex_flag_alias(checker: &mut Checker, expr: &Expr) {
+    let Some(flag) =
+        checker
+            .semantic()
+            .resolve_call_path(expr)
+            .and_then(|call_path| match call_path.as_slice() {
+                ["re", "A"] => Some(RegexFlag::Ascii),
+                ["re", "I"] => Some(RegexFlag::IgnoreCase),
+                ["re", "L"] => Some(RegexFlag::Locale),
+                ["re", "M"] => Some(RegexFlag::Multiline),
+                ["re", "S"] => Some(RegexFlag::DotAll),
+                ["re", "T"] => Some(RegexFlag::Template),
+                ["re", "U"] => Some(RegexFlag::Unicode),
+                ["re", "X"] => Some(RegexFlag::Verbose),
+                _ => None,
+            })
+    else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    let mut diagnostic = Diagnostic::new(
+        RegexFlagAlias {
+            alias: flag.alias(),
+            full_name: flag.full_name(),
+        },
+        expr.range(),
+    );
+    diagnostic.try_set_fix(|| {
+        let (edit, binding) = checker.importer().get_or_import_symbol(
+            &ImportRequest::import("re", flag.full_name()),
+            expr.start(),
+            checker.semantic(),
+        )?;
+        Ok(Fix::safe_edits(
+            Edit::range_replacement(binding, expr.range()),
+            [edit],
+        ))
+    });
+    checker.diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum RegexFlag {
+    Ascii,
+    IgnoreCase,
+    Locale,
+    Multiline,
+    DotAll,
+    Template,
+    Unicode,
+    Verbose,
+}
+
+impl RegexFlag {
+    fn alias(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Ascii => "A",
+            Self::IgnoreCase => "I",
+            Self::Locale => "L",
+            Self::Multiline => "M",
+            Self::DotAll => "S",
+            Self::Template => "T",
+            Self::Unicode => "U",
+            Self::Verbose => "X",
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn full_name(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Ascii => "ASCII",
+            Self::IgnoreCase => "IGNORECASE",
+            Self::Locale => "LOCALE",
+            Self::Multiline => "MULTILINE",
+            Self::DotAll => "DOTALL",
+            Self::Template => "TEMPLATE",
+            Self::Unicode => "UNICODE",
+            Self::Verbose => "VERBOSE",
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/refurb/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__refurb__tests__FURB167_FURB167.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/refurb/mod.rs
+---
+FURB167.py:13:42: FURB167 [*] Use of regular expression alias `re.I`
+   |
+12 |     # FURB167
+13 |     if re.match("^hello", "hello world", re.I):
+   |                                          ^^^^ FURB167
+14 |         pass
+   |
+   = help: Replace with `re.IGNORECASE`
+
+ℹ Safe fix
+10 10 |     import re
+11 11 | 
+12 12 |     # FURB167
+13    |-    if re.match("^hello", "hello world", re.I):
+   13 |+    if re.match("^hello", "hello world", re.IGNORECASE):
+14 14 |         pass
+15 15 | 
+16 16 | 
+
+FURB167.py:21:39: FURB167 [*] Use of regular expression alias `re.I`
+   |
+20 |     # FURB167
+21 |     if match("^hello", "hello world", I):
+   |                                       ^ FURB167
+22 |         pass
+   |
+   = help: Replace with `re.IGNORECASE`
+
+ℹ Safe fix
+   1  |+import re
+1  2  | def func():
+2  3  |     import re
+3  4  | 
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+18 19 |     from re import match, I
+19 20 | 
+20 21 |     # FURB167
+21    |-    if match("^hello", "hello world", I):
+   22 |+    if match("^hello", "hello world", re.IGNORECASE):
+22 23 |         pass
+
+