refactor: improve thread safety and error handling

[xushiyan]

• adopt Arc and DashMap for file system view, timeline, and table structs
• change some return types to Result and add handlings

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 88.97059% with 15 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 90.92%. Comparing base (2ac8882) to head (5e7ce28).

Files	Patch %	Lines
crates/datafusion/src/lib.rs	66.66%	5 Missing ⚠️
crates/core/src/table/mod.rs	89.74%	4 Missing ⚠️
crates/core/src/table/fs_view.rs	93.02%	3 Missing ⚠️
crates/core/src/table/timeline.rs	90.47%	2 Missing ⚠️
crates/core/src/storage/mod.rs	85.71%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main      #32      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   92.30%   90.92%   -1.38%     
==========================================
  Files          10       10              
  Lines         468      463       -5     
==========================================
- Hits          432      421      -11     
- Misses         36       42       +6     

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