New atomic_evolution signature in ProductFormula subclasses

[1ucian0]

Fixes #13858

Summary

Removes the types, the deprecations, and readjust the test.

Details and comments

Probably makes sense that @mrossinek takes a look to this.

[qiskit-bot]

One or more of the following people are relevant to this code:

• @Cryoris
• @Qiskit/terra-core
• @ajavadia

[mrossinek]

This basically LGTM, just one minor nit pick on the reno.

[mrossinek]

If you want to be exhaustive, you should also include LieTrotter as a subclass here.

[coveralls]

Pull Request Test Coverage Report for Build 13588705593

Warning: This coverage report may be inaccurate.

This pull request's base commit is no longer the HEAD commit of its target branch. This means it includes changes from outside the original pull request, including, potentially, unrelated coverage changes.

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Details

• 0 of 0 changed or added relevant lines in 0 files are covered.
• 725 unchanged lines in 37 files lost coverage.
• Overall coverage increased (+0.1%) to 88.119%

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Files with Coverage Reduction	New Missed Lines	%
qiskit/pulse/builder.py	1	85.31%
qiskit/pulse/instructions/reference.py	1	90.32%
qiskit/transpiler/passes/layout/apply_layout.py	1	98.21%
qiskit/transpiler/passes/layout/dense_layout.py	1	95.12%
qiskit/user_config.py	1	86.87%
crates/accelerate/src/unitary_synthesis.rs	3	94.29%
qiskit/circuit/classical/expr/expr.py	4	96.67%
qiskit/circuit/library/arithmetic/integer_comparator.py	4	94.67%
qiskit/circuit/library/phase_oracle.py	4	85.71%
qiskit/synthesis/evolution/product_formula.py	4	85.11%

Totals
Change from base Build 13503270954:	0.1%
Covered Lines:	77522
Relevant Lines:	87974

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💛 - Coveralls