chore: more java 21 idiomatic code

[robfrank]

What does this PR do?

Propose more Jaba 21 idiomatic code

• use getFirst(), getLast() and removeFirst() on collections
• more switch expression
• adds RID/CAT/TYPE_PROPERTY constants for @rid, @cat and @type

Motivation

Clean up the code base

Checklist

• I have run the build using mvn clean package command
• My unit tests cover both failure and success scenarios

[codacy-production]

Coverage summary from Codacy

See diff coverage on Codacy

Coverage variation	Diff coverage
✅ +0.75%	✅ 33.01%

Coverage variation details

	Coverable lines	Covered lines	Coverage
Common ancestor commit (8ec8c2b)	69890	43915	62.83%
Head commit (eebc4a1)	69891 (+1)	44442 (+527)	63.59% (+0.75%)

Coverage variation is the difference between the coverage for the head and common ancestor commits of the pull request branch: <coverage of head commit> - <coverage of common ancestor commit>

Diff coverage details

	Coverable lines	Covered lines	Diff coverage
Pull request (#2143)	1224	404	33.01%

Diff coverage is the percentage of lines that are covered by tests out of the coverable lines that the pull request added or modified: <covered lines added or modified>/<coverable lines added or modified> * 100%

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[Copilot]

Copilot reviewed 134 out of 134 changed files in this pull request and generated 5 comments.

Comments suppressed due to low confidence (5)

engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/index/TypeIndex.java:499

• Ensure that 'indexesOnBuckets' is of a type that supports getFirst() (e.g. LinkedList) as replacing get(0) may cause incompatibility if it remains an ArrayList.

return indexesOnBuckets.getFirst();

engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/engine/PageManagerFlushThread.java:52

• Ensure that the 'pages' list is of a type that supports getFirst(); otherwise, consider using pages.get(0) if pages is an ArrayList.

this.database = pages == null || pages.isEmpty() ? null : pages.getFirst().pageId.getDatabase();

engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/engine/LocalBucket.java:1719

• Verify that 'orderedRecordContentInPage' supports getLast(); if it is an ArrayList, this call will not compile. Consider using get(orderedRecordContentInPage.size()-1) if necessary.

final int[] lastRecord = orderedRecordContentInPage.getLast();

engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/database/TransactionContext.java:194

• Confirm that the 'transactions' list supports removeLast(); if it is an ArrayList, this will fail at runtime. Consider using an appropriate collection type (e.g. Deque or LinkedList).

return transactions.removeLast();

console/src/test/java/com/arcadedb/console/TerminalParser.java:91

• Verify that the 'words' collection’s implementation supports getLast(); if it is an ArrayList, use get(words.size() - 1).

wordCursor = words.getLast().length();

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR updates various parts of the codebase to use Java 21 idiomatic features for list handling and to standardize the usage of metadata property constants. It replaces index‐based list access (e.g. get(0), get(size()-1), add(0)) with the newer getFirst(), getLast(), and addFirst() methods, and also updates hard-coded metadata keys to use defined constants.

• Updated list element retrieval and insertion throughout the code.
• Replaced string literals for metadata keys with constants.

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 134 out of 134 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/index/vector/HnswVectorIndex.java	Replaces index‐based insertion with addFirst() for improved clarity.
engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/index/TypeIndex.java	Uses getFirst() to retrieve the initial index element.
engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/index/MultiIndexCursor.java	Updates list accesses from get(0) to getFirst() for several lists.
engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/graph/MutableEdgeSegment.java	Updates metadata key usage to reference RID_PROPERTY.
engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/engine/PageManagerFlushThread.java	Replaces pages.get(0) with getFirst() for accessing the first page.
engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/engine/LocalBucket.java	Replaces access to the last element using get(size()-1) with getLast().
engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/engine/Dictionary.java	Uses getFirst() instead of get(0) for dictionary key indexing.
engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/database/RID.java	Updates list access for bucketId and integer checking with getFirst().
engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/database/MutableDocument.java	Replaces metadata keys with constant-based keys.
engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/database/ImmutableDocument.java	Replaces metadata keys with constants.
engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/database/DetachedDocument.java	Uses RID_PROPERTY constant instead of hard-coded '@Rid'.
engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/database/DatabaseContext.java	Replaces list operations on transactions with getFirst(), getLast(), and removeLast().
engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/Profiler.java	Updates the method call for CPU load retrieval.
engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/GlobalConfiguration.java	Uses Set.of() with a simplified array initializer syntax.
e2e/src/test/java/com/arcadedb/e2e/RemoteDatabaseJavaApiTest.java	Modifies test annotations and minor formatting.
e2e/src/test/java/com/arcadedb/e2e/JdbcQueriesTest.java	Uses the new string formatting style with .formatted().
console/src/test/java/com/arcadedb/console/ConsoleAsyncInsertTest.java	Uses constant-based keys and streamlined lambda expressions.
console/src/test/java/com/arcadedb/console/TerminalParser.java	Updates list access to use getLast().

Comments suppressed due to low confidence (1)

engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/index/vector/HnswVectorIndex.java:560

• The list 'results' is instantiated as an ArrayList, which does not support the addFirst() method. Consider changing the declaration to a LinkedList (or a Deque) so that addFirst() is available, or revert to using results.add(0, ...) if appropriate.

results.addFirst(new SearchResult<>(loadVertexFromRID(pair.nodeId), pair.distance, maxValueDistanceComparator));