Getting Started Docs: Add Mutating Data page

docs/01-app/01-getting-started/08-mutating-data.mdx

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+---
+title: How to mutate data
+nav_title: Mutating Data
+description: Learn how to mutate data in your Next.js application.
+related:
+  title: API Reference
+  description: Learn more about the features mentioned in this page by reading the API Reference.
+  links:
+    - app/api-reference/functions/revalidatePath
+    - app/api-reference/functions/revalidateTag
+    - app/api-reference/functions/redirect
+---
+
+You can mutate data in Next.js using React's [Server Functions](https://react.dev/reference/rsc/server-functions). This page will go through how you can [create](#creating-server-functions) and [invoke](#invoking-server-functions) Server Functions.
+
+> **Good to know:** When used in a mutation context, Server Functions are also known as _Server Actions_.
+
+## Creating Server Functions
+
+A Server Function can be defined by using the [`use server`](https://react.dev/reference/rsc/use-server) directive. You can place the directive at the top of an **asynchronous** function to mark the function as a Server Functions, or at the top of a separate file to mark all exports of that file.
+
+```ts filename="app/lib/actions.ts" switcher
+'use server'
+
+export async function createPost(formData: FormData) {}
+
+export async function deletePost(formData: FormData) {}
+```
+
+```js filename="app/lib/actions.js" switcher
+'use server'
+
+export async function createPost(formData) {}
+
+export async function deletePost(formData) {}
+```
+
+### Server Components
+
+Server Functions can be inlined in Server Components by adding the `"use server"` directive to the top of the function body:
+
+```tsx filename="app/page.tsx" switcher
+export async default function Page() {
+  // Server Action
+  async function createPost() {
+    'use server'
+    // Mutate data
+    // ...
+
+  return <></>
+}
+```
+
+```jsx filename="app/page.js" switcher
+export default function Page() {
+  // Server Action
+  async function createPost() {
+    'use server'
+    // Mutate data
+    // ...
+  }
+
+  return <></>
+}
+```
+
+### Client Components
+
+It's not possible to define Server Functions in Client Components. However, you can invoke them in Client Components by importing them from a file that has the `"use server"` directive at the top of it:
+
+```tsx filename="app/actions.ts" switcher
+'use server'
+
+export async function createPost() {}
+```
+
+```js filename="app/actions.js" switcher
+'use server'
+
+export async function createPost() {}
+```
+
+```tsx filename="app/ui/button.tsx" switcher
+'use client'
+
+import { createPost } from '@/app/actions'
+
+export function Button() {
+  return <button onClick={() => createPost()}>Create</button>
+}
+```
+
+```jsx filename="app/ui/button.js" switcher
+'use client'
+
+import { createPost } from '@/app/actions'
+
+export function Button() {
+  return <button onClick={() => createPost()}>Create</button>
+}
+```
+
+## Invoking Server Functions
+
+There are two mains ways you can invoke a Server Function:
+
+1. [Forms](#forms) in Server and Client Components
+2. [Event Handlers](#event-handlers) in Client Components
+
+### Forms
+
+React extends the HTML [`<form>`](https://react.dev/reference/react-dom/components/form) element to allow Server Function to be invoked with the HTML `action` prop.
+
+When invoked in a form, the action automatically receives the [`FormData`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/FormData/FormData) object. You can extract the data using the native [`FormData` methods](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/FormData#instance_methods):
+
+```tsx filename="app/ui/form.tsx" switcher
+import { createPost } from '@/app/actions'
+
+export function Form() {
+  return (
+    <form action={createPost}>
+      <input type="text" name="title" />
+      <input type="text" name="content" />
+      <button type="submit">Create</button>
+    </form>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+```jsx filename="app/ui/form.js" switcher
+import { createPost } from '@/app/actions'
+
+export function Form() {
+  return (
+    <form action={createPost}>
+      <input type="text" name="title" />
+      <input type="text" name="content" />
+      <button type="submit">Create</button>
+    </form>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+```tsx filename="app/actions.ts" switcher
+'use server'
+
+export async function createPost(formData: FormData) {
+  const title = formData.get('title')
+  const content = formData.get('content')
+
+  // mutate data
+  // revalidate cache
+}
+```
+
+```jsx filename="app/actions.js" switcher
+'use server'
+
+export async function createPost(formData) {
+  const title = formData.get('title')
+  const content = formData.get('content')
+
+  // mutate data
+  // revalidate cache
+}
+```
+
+### Event Handlers
+
+You can invoke a Server Function in a Client Component by using event handlers such as `onClick`.
+
+```tsx filename="app/like-button.tsx" switcher
+'use client'
+
+import { incrementLike } from './actions'
+import { useState } from 'react'
+
+export default function LikeButton({ initialLikes }: { initialLikes: number }) {
+  const [likes, setLikes] = useState(initialLikes)
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      <p>Total Likes: {likes}</p>
+      <button
+        onClick={async () => {
+          const updatedLikes = await incrementLike()
+          setLikes(updatedLikes)
+        }}
+      >
+        Like
+      </button>
+```
+
+```jsx filename="app/like-button.js" switcher
+'use client'
+
+import { incrementLike } from './actions'
+import { useState } from 'react'
+
+export default function LikeButton({ initialLikes }) {
+  const [likes, setLikes] = useState(initialLikes)
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      <p>Total Likes: {likes}</p>
+      <button
+        onClick={async () => {
+          const updatedLikes = await incrementLike()
+          setLikes(updatedLikes)
+        }}
+      >
+        Like
+      </button>
+    </>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+### Showing a pending state
+
+While executing a Server Function, you can show a loading indicator with React's [`useActionState`](https://react.dev/reference/react/useActionState) hook. This hook returns a `pending` boolean:
+
+```tsx filename="app/ui/button.tsx" switcher
+'use client'
+
+import { useActionState } from 'react'
+import { createPost } from '@/app/actions'
+import { LoadingSpinner } from '@/app/ui/loading-spinner'
+
+export function Button() {
+  const [state, action, pending] = useActionState(createPost, false)
+
+  return (
+    <button onClick={async () => action()}>
+      {pending ? <LoadingSpinner /> : 'Create Post'}
+    </button>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+```jsx filename="app/ui/button.js" switcher
+'use client'
+
+import { useActionState } from 'react'
+import { createPost } from '@/app/actions'
+import { LoadingSpinner } from '@/app/ui/loading-spinner'
+
+export function Button() {
+  const [state, action, pending] = useActionState(createPost, false)
+
+  return (
+    <button onClick={async () => action()}>
+      {pending ? <LoadingSpinner /> : 'Create Post'}
+    </button>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+### Revalidating the cache
+
+After performing a mutation, you can revalidate the Next.js cache and show the updated data by calling [`revalidatePath`](/docs/app/api-reference/functions/revalidatePath) or [`revalidateTag`](/docs/app/api-reference/functions/revalidateTag) within the Server Function:
+
+```ts filename="app/lib/actions.ts" switcher
+'use server'
+
+export async function createPost(formData: FormData) {
+  // Mutate data
+  // ...
+
+  revalidatePath('/posts')
+}
+```
+
+```js filename="app/actions.js" switcher
+'use server'
+
+export async function createPost(formData) {
+  // Mutate data
+  // ...
+  revalidatePath('/posts')
+}
+```
+
+### Redirecting
+
+You may want to redirect the user to a different page after performing a mutation. You can do this by calling [`redirect`](/docs/app/api-reference/functions/redirect) within the Server Function:
+
+```ts filename="app/lib/actions.ts" switcher
+'use server'
+
+export async function createPost(formData: FormData) {
+  // Mutate data
+  // ...
+
+  redirect('/posts')
+}
+```
+
+```js filename="app/actions.js" switcher
+'use server'
+
+export async function createPost(formData) {
+  // Mutate data
+  // ...
+
+  redirect('/posts')
+}
+```