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feat(examples): Port basic Linux network utilities (#142)
Reviewed-by: Razvan Deaconescu <razvand@unikraft.io> Approved-by: Razvan Deaconescu <razvand@unikraft.io>
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‎examples/net-tools/README.md

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# Unikraft `net-tools` port
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This is a port of `net-tools` for Unikraft as an `examples` category.
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Please note some of the applications ported are not fully functional, due to some kernel level functionalities not being yet implemented by Unikraft.
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This port is mainly used to showcase the capabilities of running network applications on Unikraft.
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It is unlikely there will a real use case for them.
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This port contains:
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- `curl`
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- `dig`
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- `host`
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- `netcat`
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- `mtr`
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- `nslookup`
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- `ping`
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- `traceroute`
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- `wget`
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In order to use these applications, please modify the `Kraftfile` `cmd` variable to set the program arguments.
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# Set Up
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To run this example, [install Unikraft's companion command-line toolchain `kraft`](https://unikraft.org/docs/cli), clone this repository and `cd` into this directory.
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## Run and Use
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Use `kraft` to run the image and start a Unikraft instance.
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Inside the `net-tools/` directory, run:
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```bash
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cd <program-name>
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kraft run --rm --plat qemu --arch x86_64 -W -M 256M
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```
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where `<program-name>` is the name of the directory of the program you want to run (e.g., `ping/`).
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If the `--plat` argument is left out, it defaults to `qemu`.
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If the `--arch` argument is left out, it defaults to your system's CPU architecture.
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Once executed, you should see the program's output.
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## Inspect and Close
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To list information about the Unikraft instance, use:
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```bash
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kraft ps
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```
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```text
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NAME KERNEL ARGS CREATED STATUS MEM PORTS PLAT
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eloquent_koko oci://unikraft.org/base:latest /allocation 7 seconds ago running 64M qemu/x86_64
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```
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The instance name is `eloquent_koko`.
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To close the Unikraft instance, close the `kraft` process (e.g., via `Ctrl+c`) or run:
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```bash
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kraft rm eloquent_koko
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```
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## `kraft` and `sudo`
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Mixing invocations of `kraft` and `sudo` can lead to unexpected behavior.
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Read more about how to start `kraft` without `sudo` at [https://unikraft.org/sudoless](https://unikraft.org/sudoless).
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## Learn More
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- [How to run unikernels locally](https://unikraft.org/docs/cli/running)
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- [Building `Dockerfile` Images with `BuildKit`](https://unikraft.org/guides/building-dockerfile-images-with-buildkit)
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> [!CAUTION]
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> Some of the applications may not work as expected due to the lack of certain kernel functionalities in Unikraft.
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> This is a work in progress and we are working on adding more functionalities to Unikraft.

‎examples/net-tools/curl/Dockerfile

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FROM alpine/curl-http3:8.11.0 AS build
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FROM scratch
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# Binary
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COPY --from=build /usr/local/bin/curl /usr/local/bin/curl
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# Library dependencies
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COPY --from=build /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1 /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1
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COPY --from=build /usr/local/lib/libcurl.so.4 /usr/local/lib/libcurl.so.4
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COPY --from=build /lib/libz.so.1 /lib/libz.so.1
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COPY --from=build /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1 /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libnghttp2.so.14 /usr/lib/libnghttp2.so.14
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libidn2.so.0 /usr/lib/libidn2.so.0
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libpsl.so.5 /usr/lib/libpsl.so.5
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libbrotlidec.so.1 /usr/lib/libbrotlidec.so.1
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 /usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libunistring.so.5 /usr/lib/libunistring.so.5
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libbrotlicommon.so.1 /usr/lib/libbrotlicommon.so.1

‎examples/net-tools/curl/Kraftfile

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spec: v0.6
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runtime: base:latest
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rootfs: ./Dockerfile
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cmd: ["/usr/local/bin/curl", "https://google.com"]

‎examples/net-tools/dig/Dockerfile

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FROM alpine:3.20.3 AS build
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RUN apk add --no-cache \
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bind-tools
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FROM scratch
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# Binary
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COPY --from=build /usr/bin/dig /usr/bin/dig
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# Library dependencies
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COPY --from=build /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1 /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libisc-9.18.31.so /usr/lib/libisc-9.18.31.so
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libdns-9.18.31.so /usr/lib/libdns-9.18.31.so
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libisccfg-9.18.31.so /usr/lib/libisccfg-9.18.31.so
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libirs-9.18.31.so /usr/lib/libirs-9.18.31.so
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libbind9-9.18.31.so /usr/lib/libbind9-9.18.31.so
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COPY --from=build /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1 /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libuv.so.1 /usr/lib/libuv.so.1
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COPY --from=build /lib/libssl.so.3 /lib/libssl.so.3
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COPY --from=build /lib/libcrypto.so.3 /lib/libcrypto.so.3
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COPY --from=build /lib/libz.so.1 /lib/libz.so.1
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libjson-c.so.5 /usr/lib/libjson-c.so.5
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libnghttp2.so.14 /usr/lib/libnghttp2.so.14
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libxml2.so.2 /usr/lib/libxml2.so.2
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 /usr/lib/libgssapi_krb5.so.2
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libkrb5.so.3 /usr/lib/libkrb5.so.3
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libfstrm.so.0 /usr/lib/libfstrm.so.0
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libprotobuf-c.so.1 /usr/lib/libprotobuf-c.so.1
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libns-9.18.31.so /usr/lib/libns-9.18.31.so
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/liblzma.so.5 /usr/lib/liblzma.so.5
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libk5crypto.so.3 /usr/lib/libk5crypto.so.3
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COPY --from=build /lib/libcom_err.so.2 /lib/libcom_err.so.2
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libkrb5support.so.0 /usr/lib/libkrb5support.so.0
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libkeyutils.so.1 /usr/lib/libkeyutils.so.1

‎examples/net-tools/dig/Kraftfile

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spec: v0.6
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runtime: base:latest
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rootfs: ./Dockerfile
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cmd: ["/usr/bin/dig", "google.com"]

‎examples/net-tools/host/Dockerfile

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FROM debian:trixie-slim AS build
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RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
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dnsutils
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FROM scratch
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# Binary
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COPY --from=build /usr/bin/host /usr/bin/host
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# Library dependencies
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libisc-9.20.3-1-Debian.so /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libisc-9.20.3-1-Debian.so
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdns-9.20.3-1-Debian.so /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdns-9.20.3-1-Debian.so
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libisccfg-9.20.3-1-Debian.so /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libisccfg-9.20.3-1-Debian.so
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libidn2.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libidn2.so.0
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libuv.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libuv.so.1
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.3 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.3
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.3 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.3
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjemalloc.so.2 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjemalloc.so.2
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjson-c.so.5 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjson-c.so.5
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnghttp2.so.14 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnghttp2.so.14
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxml2.so.2 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxml2.so.2
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liburcu.so.8 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liburcu.so.8
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liburcu-common.so.8 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liburcu-common.so.8
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COPY --from=build /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgssapi_krb5.so.2
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5.so.3 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5.so.3
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmaxminddb.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmaxminddb.so.0
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfstrm.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfstrm.so.0
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libprotobuf-c.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libprotobuf-c.so.1
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblmdb.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblmdb.so.0
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liburcu-cds.so.8 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liburcu-cds.so.8
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libns-9.20.3-1-Debian.so /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libns-9.20.3-1-Debian.so
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libunistring.so.5 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libunistring.so.5
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libzstd.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libzstd.so.1
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicuuc.so.72 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicuuc.so.72
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblzma.so.5 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblzma.so.5
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libk5crypto.so.3 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libk5crypto.so.3
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcom_err.so.2 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcom_err.so.2
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5support.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5support.so.0
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkeyutils.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkeyutils.so.1
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicudata.so.72 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicudata.so.72

‎examples/net-tools/host/Kraftfile

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spec: v0.6
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runtime: base:latest
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rootfs: ./Dockerfile
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cmd: ["/usr/bin/host", "google.com"]

‎examples/net-tools/mtr/Dockerfile

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FROM alpine:3.20.3 AS build
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RUN apk add --no-cache \
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mtr=0.95-r2
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FROM scratch
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# Binary
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COPY --from=build /usr/sbin/mtr /usr/sbin/mtr
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COPY --from=build /usr/sbin/mtr-packet /usr/sbin/mtr-packet
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# Library dependencies
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COPY --from=build /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1 /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libjansson.so.4 /usr/lib/libjansson.so.4
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.6 /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.6
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COPY --from=build /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1 /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1

‎examples/net-tools/mtr/Kraftfile

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spec: v0.6
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runtime: base:latest
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rootfs: ./Dockerfile
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cmd: ["/usr/sbin/mtr", "google.com"]

‎examples/net-tools/mtr/README.md

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# Unikraft - MTR port
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This folder contains the port of MTR (My Traceroute) for Unikraft.
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MTR is a network diagnostic tool that combines the functionality of the `traceroute` and `ping` programs.
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> [!CAUTION]
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> PROGRAM DOES NOT WORK!! `fork()` is not implemented in Unikraft as of writing,
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> which `mtr` depends on. Prepare to be disappointed :-)

‎examples/net-tools/netcat/Dockerfile

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FROM debian:trixie-slim AS build
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RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
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netcat-openbsd
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FROM scratch
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# Binary
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COPY --from=build /usr/bin/nc /usr/bin/nc
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# Library dependencies
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbsd.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbsd.so.0
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmd.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmd.so.0
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COPY --from=build /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2

‎examples/net-tools/netcat/Kraftfile

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spec: v0.6
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runtime: base:latest
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rootfs: ./Dockerfile
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cmd: ["/usr/bin/nc","google.com","80"]

‎examples/net-tools/netcat/README.md

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# Unikraft - `netcat` port
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This is the OpenBSD `netcat` port for Unikraft.
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`netcat` is a simple Unix utility which reads and writes data across network connections, using TCP or UDP protocol.
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It is designed to be a reliable "backend" tool that can be used directly or easily driven by other programs and scripts.
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At the same time, it is a feature-rich network debugging and exploration tool, since it can create almost any kind of connection you would need and has several interesting built-in capabilities.

‎examples/net-tools/nslookup/Dockerfile

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FROM debian:trixie-slim AS build
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RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
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dnsutils
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FROM scratch
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# Binary
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COPY --from=build /usr/bin/nslookup /usr/bin/nslookup
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# Library dependencies
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjemalloc.so.2 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjemalloc.so.2
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libisc-9.20.3-1-Debian.so /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libisc-9.20.3-1-Debian.so
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdns-9.20.3-1-Debian.so /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdns-9.20.3-1-Debian.so
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libisccfg-9.20.3-1-Debian.so /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libisccfg-9.20.3-1-Debian.so
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libidn2.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libidn2.so.0
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libedit.so.2 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libedit.so.2
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libuv.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libuv.so.1
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.3 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.3
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.3 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.3
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjson-c.so.5 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjson-c.so.5
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnghttp2.so.14 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnghttp2.so.14
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxml2.so.2 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxml2.so.2
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liburcu.so.8 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liburcu.so.8
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liburcu-common.so.8 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liburcu-common.so.8
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COPY --from=build /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgssapi_krb5.so.2
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5.so.3 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5.so.3
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmaxminddb.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmaxminddb.so.0
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfstrm.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfstrm.so.0
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libprotobuf-c.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libprotobuf-c.so.1
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblmdb.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblmdb.so.0
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liburcu-cds.so.8 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liburcu-cds.so.8
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libns-9.20.3-1-Debian.so /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libns-9.20.3-1-Debian.so
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libunistring.so.5 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libunistring.so.5
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.6
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbsd.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbsd.so.0
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libzstd.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libzstd.so.1
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicuuc.so.72 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicuuc.so.72
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblzma.so.5 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblzma.so.5
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libk5crypto.so.3 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libk5crypto.so.3
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcom_err.so.2 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcom_err.so.2
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5support.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5support.so.0
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkeyutils.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkeyutils.so.1
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmd.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmd.so.0
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicudata.so.72 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicudata.so.72

‎examples/net-tools/nslookup/Kraftfile

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spec: v0.6
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runtime: base:latest
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rootfs: ./Dockerfile
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cmd: ["/usr/bin/nslookup"]

‎examples/net-tools/ping/Dockerfile

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FROM debian:trixie-slim AS build
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RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
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inetutils-ping
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FROM scratch
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# Binary
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COPY --from=build /usr/bin/ping /usr/bin/ping
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# Library dependencies
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
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COPY --from=build /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2

‎examples/net-tools/ping/Kraftfile

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spec: v0.6
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runtime: base:latest
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rootfs: ./Dockerfile
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cmd: ["/usr/bin/ping", "google.com"]

‎examples/net-tools/traceroute/Dockerfile

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FROM debian:trixie-slim AS build
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RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
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traceroute
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FROM scratch
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# Binary
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COPY --from=build /usr/sbin/traceroute /usr/sbin/traceroute
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# Library dependencies
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COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
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COPY --from=build /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2

‎examples/net-tools/traceroute/Kraftfile

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spec: v0.6
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runtime: base:latest
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rootfs: ./Dockerfile
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cmd: ["/usr/sbin/traceroute", "google.com"]

‎examples/net-tools/wget/Dockerfile

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FROM alpine:3.20.3 AS build
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RUN apk add --no-cache \
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wget
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FROM scratch
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# Binary
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COPY --from=build /usr/bin/wget /usr/bin/wget
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# Library dependencies
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COPY --from=build /etc/ssl /etc/ssl
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COPY --from=build /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1 /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libpcre2-8.so.0 /usr/lib/libpcre2-8.so.0
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libidn2.so.0 /usr/lib/libidn2.so.0
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COPY --from=build /lib/libssl.so.3 /lib/libssl.so.3
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COPY --from=build /lib/libcrypto.so.3 /lib/libcrypto.so.3
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COPY --from=build /lib/libz.so.1 /lib/libz.so.1
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COPY --from=build /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1 /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libunistring.so.5 /usr/lib/libunistring.so.5

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