diff --git a/mypy/stubtest.py b/mypy/stubtest.py
index 6061e98bd7cd3..32fe46f76d5e9 100644
--- a/mypy/stubtest.py
+++ b/mypy/stubtest.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 import collections.abc
 import copy
 import enum
+import functools
 import importlib
 import importlib.machinery
 import inspect
@@ -310,35 +311,23 @@ def _verify_exported_names(
     )
 
 
-def _get_imported_symbol_names(runtime: types.ModuleType) -> frozenset[str] | None:
-    """Retrieve the names in the global namespace which are known to be imported.
+@functools.lru_cache
+def _module_symbol_table(runtime: types.ModuleType) -> symtable.SymbolTable | None:
+    """Retrieve the symbol table for the module (or None on failure).
 
-    1). Use inspect to retrieve the source code of the module
-    2). Use symtable to parse the source and retrieve names that are known to be imported
-        from other modules.
-
-    If either of the above steps fails, return `None`.
-
-    Note that if a set of names is returned,
-    it won't include names imported via `from foo import *` imports.
+    1) Use inspect to retrieve the source code of the module
+    2) Use symtable to parse the source (and use what symtable knows for its purposes)
     """
     try:
         source = inspect.getsource(runtime)
     except (OSError, TypeError, SyntaxError):
         return None
 
-    if not source.strip():
-        # The source code for the module was an empty file,
-        # no point in parsing it with symtable
-        return frozenset()
-
     try:
-        module_symtable = symtable.symtable(source, runtime.__name__, "exec")
+        return symtable.symtable(source, runtime.__name__, "exec")
     except SyntaxError:
         return None
 
-    return frozenset(sym.get_name() for sym in module_symtable.get_symbols() if sym.is_imported())
-
 
 @verify.register(nodes.MypyFile)
 def verify_mypyfile(
@@ -369,25 +358,37 @@ def verify_mypyfile(
         if not o.module_hidden and (not is_probably_private(m) or hasattr(runtime, m))
     }
 
-    imported_symbols = _get_imported_symbol_names(runtime)
-
     def _belongs_to_runtime(r: types.ModuleType, attr: str) -> bool:
         """Heuristics to determine whether a name originates from another module."""
         obj = getattr(r, attr)
         if isinstance(obj, types.ModuleType):
             return False
-        if callable(obj):
-            # It's highly likely to be a class or a function if it's callable,
-            # so the __module__ attribute will give a good indication of which module it comes from
+
+        symbol_table = _module_symbol_table(r)
+        if symbol_table is not None:
             try:
-                obj_mod = obj.__module__
-            except Exception:
+                symbol = symbol_table.lookup(attr)
+            except KeyError:
                 pass
             else:
-                if isinstance(obj_mod, str):
-                    return bool(obj_mod == r.__name__)
-        if imported_symbols is not None:
-            return attr not in imported_symbols
+                if symbol.is_imported():
+                    # symtable says we got this from another module
+                    return False
+                # But we can't just return True here, because symtable doesn't know about symbols
+                # that come from `from module import *`
+                if symbol.is_assigned():
+                    # symtable knows we assigned this symbol in the module
+                    return True
+
+        # The __module__ attribute is unreliable for anything except functions and classes,
+        # but it's our best guess at this point
+        try:
+            obj_mod = obj.__module__
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        else:
+            if isinstance(obj_mod, str):
+                return bool(obj_mod == r.__name__)
         return True
 
     runtime_public_contents = (
diff --git a/mypy/test/teststubtest.py b/mypy/test/teststubtest.py
index c0bb2eb6f9da1..707be1f0e359b 100644
--- a/mypy/test/teststubtest.py
+++ b/mypy/test/teststubtest.py
@@ -1266,6 +1266,24 @@ def test_missing_no_runtime_all(self) -> Iterator[Case]:
         yield Case(stub="", runtime="from json.scanner import NUMBER_RE", error=None)
         yield Case(stub="", runtime="from string import ascii_letters", error=None)
 
+    @collect_cases
+    def test_missing_no_runtime_all_terrible(self) -> Iterator[Case]:
+        yield Case(
+            stub="",
+            runtime="""
+import sys
+import types
+import __future__
+_m = types.SimpleNamespace()
+_m.annotations = __future__.annotations
+sys.modules["_terrible_stubtest_test_module"] = _m
+
+from _terrible_stubtest_test_module import *
+assert annotations
+""",
+            error=None,
+        )
+
     @collect_cases
     def test_non_public_1(self) -> Iterator[Case]:
         yield Case(