diff

#!/usr/bin/perl

=begin metadata

Name: diff
Description: compute 'intelligent' differences between two files
Author: Mark-Jason Dominus, mjd-perl-diff@plover.com
Author: Christian Murphy, cpm@muc.de
Author: Amir D. Karger, karger@bead.aecom.yu.edu
License: perl

=end metadata

=cut


#
# `Diff' program in Perl
# Copyright 1998 M-J. Dominus. (mjd-perl-diff@plover.com)
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the same terms as Perl itself.
#
# Altered to output in `context diff' format (but without context)
# September 1998 Christian Murphy (cpm@muc.de)
#
# Context lines feature added
# Unified, "Old" (Standard UNIX), Ed diff added September 1998
# Reverse_Ed (-f option) added March 1999
# Amir D. Karger (karger@bead.aecom.yu.edu)
#
# Modular functions integrated into program
# February 1999 M-J. Dominus (mjd-perl-diff@plover.com)
#
# In this file, "item" usually means "line of text", and "item number" usually
# means "line number". But theoretically the code could be used more generally
use strict;

use File::Basename qw(basename);
use File::Spec;
use Getopt::Std qw(getopts);

use constant EX_SUCCESS   => 0;
use constant EX_DIFFERENT => 1;
use constant EX_FAILURE   => 2;

use vars qw($opt_C $opt_c $opt_e $opt_f $opt_q $opt_s $opt_U $opt_u);

# GLOBAL VARIABLES  ####
# After we've read up to a certain point in each file, the number of items
# we've read from each file will differ by $FLD (could be 0)
my $File_Length_Difference = 0;
my $Program = basename($0);

#ed diff outputs hunks *backwards*, so we need to save hunks when doing ed diff
my @Ed_Hunks = ();
########################

sub usage {
    warn << "ENDUSAGE";
Usage: $Program [-c | -C lines | -e | -f | -q | -s | -u | -U lines] oldfile newfile
    -c do a context diff with 3 lines of context
    -C do a context diff with 'lines' lines of context (implies -c)
    -e create a script for the ed editor to change oldfile to newfile
    -f like -e but in reverse order
    -u do a unified diff with 3 lines of context
    -U do a unified diff with 'lines' lines of context (implies -u)
    -q show a message when the files differ, instead of the difference
    -s show a message when the files are identical

ENDUSAGE
    exit EX_FAILURE;
}

my $Context_Lines = 0; # lines of context to print. 0 for old-style diff
my $Diff_Type = "OLD"; # by default, do standard UNIX diff
getopts('C:cefqsU:u') or usage();
if (defined $opt_C) {
    $Context_Lines = checklen($opt_C);
    set_diff_type('CONTEXT');
} elsif ($opt_c) {
    $Context_Lines = 3;
    set_diff_type('CONTEXT');
}
if ($opt_e) {
    set_diff_type('ED');
}
if ($opt_f) {
    set_diff_type('REVERSE_ED');
}
if (defined $opt_U) {
    $Context_Lines = checklen($opt_U);
    set_diff_type('UNIFIED');
} elsif ($opt_u) {
    $Context_Lines = 3;
    set_diff_type('UNIFIED');
}

if (scalar(@ARGV) < 2) {
    warn "$Program: missing argument\n";
    usage();
} elsif (scalar(@ARGV) > 2) {
    warn "$Program: extra argument: '$ARGV[2]'\n";
    usage();
}

######## DO THE DIFF!
my ($char1, $char2); # string to print before file names
if ($Diff_Type eq "CONTEXT") {
    $char1 = '*' x 3; $char2 = '-' x 3;
} elsif ($Diff_Type eq "UNIFIED") {
    $char1 = '-' x 3; $char2 = '+' x 3;
}

my ($file1, $file2) = @ARGV;
my ($fh1, $fh2);

if ($file1 eq '-') {
    exit(EX_SUCCESS) if ($file2 eq '-');
    bag("cannot compare '-' to a directory") if (-d $file2);
    $fh1 = *STDIN;
} elsif (-d $file1) {
    bag("cannot compare '-' to a directory") if ($file2 eq '-');
    bag("'$file2': is a directory") if (-d $file2);
    my $path = File::Spec->catfile($file1, basename($file2));
    open($fh1, '<', $path) or bag("Couldn't open '$path': $!");
} else {
    open($fh1, '<', $file1) or bag("Couldn't open '$file1': $!");
}

if ($file2 eq '-') {
    $fh2 = *STDIN;
} elsif (-d $file2) {
    bag("'$file1': is a directory") if (-d $file1);
    my $path = File::Spec->catfile($file2, basename($file1));
    open($fh2, '<', $path) or bag("Couldn't open '$path': $!");
} else {
    open($fh2, '<', $file2) or bag("Couldn't open '$file2': $!");
}

my (@f1, @f2);
chomp(@f1 = <$fh1>);
close $fh1;
chomp(@f2 = <$fh2>);
close $fh2;
identical() if (scalar(@f1) == 0 && scalar(@f2) == 0);

# diff yields lots of pieces, each of which is basically a Block object
my $diffs = Algorithm::Diff::diff(\@f1, \@f2);
identical() unless @$diffs;
if ($opt_q) {
    print "Files $file1 and $file2 differ\n";
    exit EX_DIFFERENT;
}

if ($Diff_Type =~ /UNIFIED|CONTEXT/) {
    my @st = stat($file1);
    my $MTIME = 9;
    print "$char1 $file1\t", scalar localtime($st[$MTIME]), "\n";
    @st = stat($file2);
    print "$char2 $file2\t", scalar localtime($st[$MTIME]), "\n";
}

my ($hunk,$oldhunk);
# Loop over hunks. If a hunk overlaps with the last hunk, join them.
# Otherwise, print out the old one.
foreach my $piece (@$diffs) {
    $hunk = Hunk->new($piece, $Context_Lines);
    next unless $oldhunk; # first time through

    # Don't need to check for overlap if blocks have no context lines
    if ($Context_Lines && $hunk->does_overlap($oldhunk)) {
	$hunk->prepend_hunk($oldhunk);
    } else {
	$oldhunk->output_diff(\@f1, \@f2, $Diff_Type);
    }

} continue {
    $oldhunk = $hunk;
}

# print the last hunk
$oldhunk->output_diff(\@f1, \@f2, $Diff_Type);

# Print hunks backwards if we're doing an ed diff
if ($Diff_Type eq 'ED') {
    foreach $hunk (@Ed_Hunks) {
        $hunk->output_ed_diff(\@f1, \@f2, 'ED');
    }
}

exit EX_DIFFERENT;
# END MAIN PROGRAM

sub identical {
  print "Files $file1 and $file2 are identical\n" if $opt_s;
  exit EX_SUCCESS;
}

sub bag {
  my $msg = shift;
  warn "$Program: $msg\n";
  exit EX_FAILURE;
}

sub checklen {
  my $n = shift;
  return int($n) if ($n =~ m/\A[0-9]+\Z/);
  warn "$Program: invalid context length '$n'\n";
  usage();
}

sub set_diff_type {
  my $val = shift;
  if ($Diff_Type ne 'OLD') {
    warn "$Program: incompatible diff type options\n";
    usage();
  }
  $Diff_Type = $val;
}

########
# Package Hunk. A Hunk is a group of Blocks which overlap because of the
# context surrounding each block. (So if we're not using context, every
# hunk will contain one block.)
{
package
	Hunk; # hide from PAUSE

sub new {
# Arg1 is output from &LCS::diff (which corresponds to one Block)
# Arg2 is the number of items (lines, e.g.,) of context around each block
#
# This subroutine changes $File_Length_Difference
#
# Fields in a Hunk:
# blocks      - a list of Block objects
# start       - index in file 1 where first block of the hunk starts
# end         - index in file 1 where last block of the hunk ends
#
# Variables:
# before_diff - how much longer file 2 is than file 1 due to all hunks
#               until but NOT including this one
# after_diff  - difference due to all hunks including this one
    my ($class, $piece, $context_items) = @_;

    my $block = Block->new($piece); # this modifies $FLD!

    my $before_diff = $File_Length_Difference; # BEFORE this hunk
    my $after_diff = $before_diff + $block->{"length_diff"};
    $File_Length_Difference += $block->{"length_diff"};

    # @remove_array and @insert_array hold the items to insert and remove
    # Save the start & beginning of each array. If the array doesn't exist
    # though (e.g., we're only adding items in this block), then figure
    # out the line number based on the line number of the other file and
    # the current difference in file lenghts
    my @remove_array = $block->remove;
    my @insert_array = $block->insert;
    my ($a1, $a2, $b1, $b2, $start1, $start2, $end1, $end2);
    $a1 = @remove_array ? $remove_array[0 ]->{"item_no"} : -1;
    $a2 = @remove_array ? $remove_array[-1]->{"item_no"} : -1;
    $b1 = @insert_array ? $insert_array[0 ]->{"item_no"} : -1;
    $b2 = @insert_array ? $insert_array[-1]->{"item_no"} : -1;

    $start1 = $a1 == -1 ? $b1 - $before_diff : $a1;
    $end1   = $a2 == -1 ? $b2 - $after_diff  : $a2;
    $start2 = $b1 == -1 ? $a1 + $before_diff : $b1;
    $end2   = $b2 == -1 ? $a2 + $after_diff  : $b2;

    # At first, a hunk will have just one Block in it
    my $hunk = {
	    "start1" => $start1,
	    "start2" => $start2,
	    "end1" => $end1,
	    "end2" => $end2,
	    "blocks" => [$block],
              };
    bless $hunk, $class;

    $hunk->flag_context($context_items);

    return $hunk;
}

# Change the "start" and "end" fields to note that context should be added
# to this hunk
sub flag_context {
    my ($hunk, $context_items) = @_;
    return unless $context_items; # no context

    # add context before
    my $start1 = $hunk->{"start1"};
    my $num_added = $context_items > $start1 ? $start1 : $context_items;
    $hunk->{"start1"} -= $num_added;
    $hunk->{"start2"} -= $num_added;

    # context after
    my $end1 = $hunk->{"end1"};
    $num_added = ($end1+$context_items > $#f1) ?
                  $#f1 - $end1 :
                  $context_items;
    $hunk->{"end1"} += $num_added;
    $hunk->{"end2"} += $num_added;
}

# Is there an overlap between hunk arg0 and old hunk arg1?
# Note: if end of old hunk is one less than beginning of second, they overlap
sub does_overlap {
    my ($hunk, $oldhunk) = @_;
    return "" unless $oldhunk; # first time through, $oldhunk is empty

    # Do I actually need to test both?
    return ($hunk->{"start1"} - $oldhunk->{"end1"} <= 1 ||
            $hunk->{"start2"} - $oldhunk->{"end2"} <= 1);
}

# Prepend hunk arg1 to hunk arg0
# Note that arg1 isn't updated! Only arg0 is.
sub prepend_hunk {
    my ($hunk, $oldhunk) = @_;

    $hunk->{"start1"} = $oldhunk->{"start1"};
    $hunk->{"start2"} = $oldhunk->{"start2"};

    unshift (@{$hunk->{"blocks"}}, @{$oldhunk->{"blocks"}});
}


# DIFF OUTPUT ROUTINES. THESE ROUTINES CONTAIN DIFF FORMATTING INFO...
sub output_diff {
# First arg is the current hunk of course
# Next args are refs to the files
# last arg is type of diff
    my $diff_type = $_[-1];
    my %funchash  = ("OLD"        => \&output_old_diff,
                     "CONTEXT"    => \&output_context_diff,
		     "ED"         => \&store_ed_diff,
		     "REVERSE_ED" => \&output_ed_diff,
                     "UNIFIED"    => \&output_unified_diff,
	            );
    my $func = $funchash{$diff_type} or die "unknown diff type '$diff_type'\n";
    $func->(@_);
}

sub output_old_diff {
# Note that an old diff can't have any context. Therefore, we know that
# there's only one block in the hunk.
    my ($hunk, $fileref1, $fileref2) = @_;
    my %op_hash = ('+' => 'a', '-' => 'd', '!' => 'c');

    my @blocklist = @{$hunk->{"blocks"}};
    warn ("Expecting one block in an old diff hunk!") if scalar @blocklist != 1;
    my $block = $blocklist[0];
    my $op = $block->op; # +, -, or !

    # Calculate item number range.
    # old diff range is just like a context diff range, except the ranges
    # are on one line with the action between them.
    my $range1 = $hunk->context_range(1);
    my $range2 = $hunk->context_range(2);
    my $action = $op_hash{$op} || warn "unknown op $op";
    print "$range1$action$range2\n";

    # If removing anything, just print out all the remove lines in the hunk
    # which is just all the remove lines in the block
    if ($block->remove) {
	my @outlist = @$fileref1[$hunk->{"start1"}..$hunk->{"end1"}];
	map {$_ = "< $_\n"} @outlist; # all lines will be '< text\n'
	print @outlist;
    }

    print "---\n" if $op eq '!'; # only if inserting and removing
    if ($block->insert) {
	my @outlist = @$fileref2[$hunk->{"start2"}..$hunk->{"end2"}];
	map {$_ = "> $_\n"} @outlist; # all lines will be '> text\n'
	print @outlist;
    }
}

sub output_unified_diff {
    my ($hunk, $fileref1, $fileref2) = @_;
    my @blocklist;

    # Calculate item number range.
    my $range1 = $hunk->unified_range(1);
    my $range2 = $hunk->unified_range(2);
    print "@@ -$range1 +$range2 @@\n";

    # Outlist starts containing the hunk of file 1.
    # Removing an item just means putting a '-' in front of it.
    # Inserting an item requires getting it from file2 and splicing it in.
    #    We splice in $num_added items. Remove blocks use $num_added because
    # splicing changed the length of outlist.
    #    We remove $num_removed items. Insert blocks use $num_removed because
    # their item numbers---corresponding to positions in file *2*--- don't take
    # removed items into account.
    my $low = $hunk->{"start1"};
    my $hi = $hunk->{"end1"};
    my ($num_added, $num_removed) = (0,0);
    my @outlist = @$fileref1[$low..$hi];
    map {s/^/ /} @outlist; # assume it's just context

    foreach my $block (@{$hunk->{"blocks"}}) {
	foreach my $item ($block->remove) {
	    my $op = $item->{"sign"}; # -
	    my $offset = $item->{"item_no"} - $low + $num_added;
	    $outlist[$offset] =~ s/^ /$op/;
	    $num_removed++;
	}
	foreach my $item ($block->insert) {
	    my $op = $item->{"sign"}; # +
	    my $i = $item->{"item_no"};
	    my $offset = $i - $hunk->{"start2"} + $num_removed;
	    splice(@outlist,$offset,0,"$op$$fileref2[$i]");
	    $num_added++;
	}
    }

    map {s/$/\n/} @outlist; # add \n's
    print @outlist;

}

sub output_context_diff {
    my ($hunk, $fileref1, $fileref2) = @_;
    my @blocklist;

    print "***************\n";
    # Calculate item number range.
    my $range1 = $hunk->context_range(1);
    my $range2 = $hunk->context_range(2);

    # Print out file 1 part for each block in context diff format if there are
    # any blocks that remove items
    print "*** $range1 ****\n";
    my $low = $hunk->{"start1"};
    my $hi  = $hunk->{"end1"};
    if (@blocklist = grep {$_->remove} @{$hunk->{"blocks"}}) {
	my @outlist = @$fileref1[$low..$hi];
	map {s/^/  /} @outlist; # assume it's just context
	foreach my $block (@blocklist) {
	    my $op = $block->op; # - or !
	    foreach my $item ($block->remove) {
		$outlist[$item->{"item_no"} - $low] =~ s/^ /$op/;
	    }
	}
	map {s/$/\n/} @outlist; # add \n's
	print @outlist;
    }

    print "--- $range2 ----\n";
    $low = $hunk->{"start2"};
    $hi  = $hunk->{"end2"};
    if (@blocklist = grep {$_->insert} @{$hunk->{"blocks"}}) {
	my @outlist = @$fileref2[$low..$hi];
	map {s/^/  /} @outlist; # assume it's just context
	foreach my $block (@blocklist) {
	    my $op = $block->op; # + or !
	    foreach my $item ($block->insert) {
		$outlist[$item->{"item_no"} - $low] =~ s/^ /$op/;
	    }
	}
	map {s/$/\n/} @outlist; # add \n's
	print @outlist;
    }
}

sub store_ed_diff {
# ed diff prints out diffs *backwards*. So save them while we're generating
# them, then print them out at the end
    my $hunk = shift;
    unshift @Ed_Hunks, $hunk;
}

sub output_ed_diff {
# This sub is used for ed ('diff -e') OR reverse_ed ('diff -f').
    my ($hunk, $fileref1, $fileref2, $diff_type) = @_;
    my %op_hash = ('+' => 'a', '-' => 'd', '!' => 'c');

    # Can't be any context for this kind of diff, so each hunk has one block
    my @blocklist = @{$hunk->{"blocks"}};
    warn ("Expecting one block in an ed diff hunk!") if scalar @blocklist != 1;
    my $block = $blocklist[0];
    my $op = $block->op; # +, -, or !
    my $action = $op_hash{$op} || warn "unknown op $op";

    # Calculate item number range.
    # old diff range is just like a context diff range, except the ranges
    # are on one line with the action between them.
    my $range1 = $hunk->context_range(1);
    if ($diff_type eq 'REVERSE_ED') {
	$range1 =~ s/,/ /;
	print $action, $range1, "\n";
    } else {
	print $range1, $action, "\n";
    }
    if ($block->insert) {
	my @outlist = @$fileref2[$hunk->{"start2"}..$hunk->{"end2"}];
	print join("\n", @outlist), "\n.\n"; # '.' signifies end of 'c' or 'a'
    }
}

sub context_range {
# Generate a range of item numbers to print. Only print 1 number if the range
# has only one item in it. Otherwise, it's 'start,end'
# Flag is the number of the file (1 or 2)
    my ($hunk, $flag) = @_;
    my ($start, $end) = ($hunk->{"start$flag"},$hunk->{"end$flag"});
    $start++; $end++;  # index from 1, not zero
    my $range = ($start < $end) ? "$start,$end" : $end;
    return $range;
}

sub unified_range {
# Generate a range of item numbers to print for unified diff
# Print number where block starts, followed by number of lines in the block
# (don't print number of lines if it's 1)
    my ($hunk, $flag) = @_;
    my ($start, $end) = ($hunk->{"start$flag"},$hunk->{"end$flag"});
    $start++; $end++;  # index from 1, not zero
    my $length = $end - $start + 1;
    my $first = $length < 2 ? $end : $start; # strange, but correct...
    my $range = $length== 1 ? $first : "$first,$length";
    return $range;
}
} # end Package Hunk

########
# Package Block. A block is an operation removing, adding, or changing
# a group of items. Basically, this is just a list of changes, where each
# change adds or deletes a single item.
# (Change could be a separate class, but it didn't seem worth it)
{
package
	Block; # hide from PAUSE

sub new {
# Input is a chunk from &Algorithm::Diff::diff
# Fields in a block:
# length_diff - how much longer file 2 is than file 1 due to this block
# Each change has:
# sign        - '+' for insert, '-' for remove
# item_no     - number of the item in the file (e.g., line number)
# We don't bother storing the text of the item
#
    my ($class,$chunk) = @_;

    my @changes = map { {'sign' => $_->[0], 'item_no' => $_->[1]} } @$chunk;
    my $block = { "changes" => \@changes };
    bless $block, $class;

    $block->{"length_diff"} = $block->insert - $block->remove;
    return $block;
}


# LOW LEVEL FUNCTIONS
sub op {
# what kind of block is this?
    my $block = shift;
    my $insert = $block->insert;
    my $remove = $block->remove;

    $remove && $insert and return '!';
    $remove and return '-';
    $insert and return '+';
    warn "unknown block type";
    return '^'; # context block
}

# Returns a list of the changes in this block that remove items
# (or the number of removals if called in scalar context)
sub remove { return grep {$_->{"sign"} eq '-'} @{shift->{"changes"}}; }

# Returns a list of the changes in this block that insert items
sub insert { return grep {$_->{"sign"} eq '+'} @{shift->{"changes"}}; }

} # end of package Block


################################################################
################################################################
################################################################
################################################################
#
# Algorithm::Diff

# -*- perl -*-
#
# Longest Common Subsequence algorithm
# Copyright 1998 M-J. Dominus. (mjd-perl-diff@plover.com)
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the same terms as Perl itself.
#

# Algorithm: See `Longest Common Subsequences', at
# http://www.ics.uci.edu/~eppstein/161/960229.html
#
# The function `LCS_matrix' constructs the matrix described by this
# reference; then `traverse sequences' traverses the graph implied by
# this matrix and invokes callback functions on each traversed matrix
# element.
#
# This used to be an RCS Id line, but it broke since I (adk) use RCS, too.
# Id: LCS.pm,v 1.7 1998/08/13 00:39:53 mjd Exp mjd ;
#

package
	Algorithm::Diff; # Hide from PAUSE

use strict;

use List::Util qw(max);

our $VERSION = '0.57';

sub LCS_matrix {
  my @x;
  my $a;				# Sequence #1
  my $b;				# Sequence #2

  $a = shift or usage();
  $b = shift or usage();
  (ref $a eq 'ARRAY') or usage();
  (ref $b eq 'ARRAY') or usage();
  my $eq = shift;

  my ($al, $bl);			# Lengths of sequences
  $al = @$a;
  $bl = @$b;

  $x[0] = [(0) x ($bl+1)];
  for my $i (1 .. $al) {
    my $r = $x[$i] = [ 0 ];
    for my $j (1 .. $bl) {
      # If the first two items are the same...
      if (defined $eq
	  ? $eq->($a->[-$i], $b->[-$j])
	  : $a->[-$i] eq $b->[-$j]
	 ) {
	$r->[$j] = 1 + $x[$i-1][$j-1];
      } else {
	$r->[$j] = max($x[$i][$j-1], $x[$i-1][$j]);
      }
    }
  }

  \@x;
}

sub traverse_sequences {
  my $dispatcher = shift;
  my $a = shift;
  my $b = shift;
  my $equal = shift;
  my $x = LCS_matrix($a, $b, $equal);

  my ($al, $bl) = (scalar(@$x)-1, scalar(@{$x->[0]})-1);
  my ($ap, $bp) = ($al, $bl);
  my $dispf;
  while (1) {
    $dispf = undef;
    my ($ai, $bi) = ($al-$ap, $bl-$bp);
    if ($ap == 0) {
      $dispf = $dispatcher->{A_FINISHED} || $dispatcher->{DISCARD_B};
      $bp--;			# Where to put this?
    } elsif ($bp == 0) {
      $dispf = $dispatcher->{B_FINISHED} || $dispatcher->{DISCARD_A};
      $ap--;			# Where to put this?
    } elsif (defined($equal)
	     ? $equal->($a->[$ai], $b->[$bi])
	     : $a->[$ai] eq $b->[$bi]
	    ) {
      $dispf = $dispatcher->{MATCH};
      $ap--;
      $bp--;
    } else {
      if ($x->[$ap][$bp] == $x->[$ap-1][$bp] + 1) {
	$dispf = $dispatcher->{DISCARD_B};
	$bp--;
      } else {
	$dispf = $dispatcher->{DISCARD_A};
	$ap--;
      }
    }
    $dispf->($ai, $bi, @_) if defined $dispf;
    return 1 if $ap == 0 && $bp == 0;
  }
}

sub diff {
  my ($a, $b) = @_;
  my @cur_diff = ();
  my @diffs = ();

  my $functions =
    { DISCARD_A => sub {push @cur_diff, ['-', $_[0], $a->[$_[0]]]},
      DISCARD_B => sub {push @cur_diff, ['+', $_[1], $b->[$_[1]]]},
      MATCH => sub { push @diffs, [@cur_diff] if @cur_diff;
		     @cur_diff = ()
		   },
    };

  traverse_sequences($functions, @_);
  push @diffs, \@cur_diff if @cur_diff;
  wantarray ? @diffs : \@diffs;
}

sub usage {
  require Carp;
  Carp::croak("Usage: LCS([...], [...]); aborting");
}

1;

__END__

=head1 NAME

diff - compute `intelligent' differences between two files

=head1 SYNOPSIS

diff [-c | -C lines | -e | -f | -q | -s | -u | -U lines] file1 file2

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The diff command compares file1 and file2, producing a listing on
standard output describing how to convert one file to the other.
Various formats are available for representing the file changes.
By default the output is in the traditional UNIX diff format.

Two directories cannot be compared. If either file1 or file2 is a
directory, diff is applied to the non-directory file and a file of
the same name within the directory.

=head1 OPTIONS

The following options are supported.

=over 8

=item -c

Produce a context diff with 3 lines of context

=item -C NUM

Produce a context diff with NUM lines of context

=item -e

Create a script for the ed editor

=item -f

Like -e but in reverse order (output cannot be processed by ed)

=item -u

Output a unified diff with 3 lines of context

=item -U NUM

Output a unified diff with NUM lines of context

=item -q

Print a message if the input files differ instead of displaying the difference.

=item -s

Print a message if the input files are identical.
By default no output is produced in this case.

=back

=head1 AUTHOR

Mark-Jason Dominus, C<< <mjd-perl-diff@plover.com> >>.

Visit my diff/LCS web page at L<http://www.plover.com/~mjd/perl/diff/>.

=cut