extendedcopy_test.go

/*
Copyright The ORAS Authors.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package oras_test

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"net/http"
	"net/http/httptest"
	"net/url"
	"reflect"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"testing"

	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
	ocispec "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
	artifactspec "github.com/oras-project/artifacts-spec/specs-go/v1"

	"oras.land/oras-go/v2"
	"oras.land/oras-go/v2/content"
	"oras.land/oras-go/v2/content/memory"
	"oras.land/oras-go/v2/errdef"
	"oras.land/oras-go/v2/internal/descriptor"
	"oras.land/oras-go/v2/registry/remote"
)

func TestExtendedCopy_FullCopy(t *testing.T) {
	src := memory.New()
	dst := memory.New()

	// generate test content
	var blobs [][]byte
	var descs []ocispec.Descriptor
	appendBlob := func(mediaType string, blob []byte) {
		blobs = append(blobs, blob)
		descs = append(descs, ocispec.Descriptor{
			MediaType: mediaType,
			Digest:    digest.FromBytes(blob),
			Size:      int64(len(blob)),
		})
	}
	generateManifest := func(config ocispec.Descriptor, layers ...ocispec.Descriptor) {
		manifest := ocispec.Manifest{
			Config: config,
			Layers: layers,
		}
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest, manifestJSON)
	}
	generateArtifactManifest := func(subject ocispec.Descriptor, blobs ...ocispec.Descriptor) {
		var manifest artifactspec.Manifest
		artifactSubject := descriptor.OCIToArtifact(subject)
		manifest.Subject = &artifactSubject
		for _, blob := range blobs {
			manifest.Blobs = append(manifest.Blobs, descriptor.OCIToArtifact(blob))
		}
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest, manifestJSON)
	}

	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageConfig, []byte("config")) // Blob 0
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("foo"))     // Blob 1
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("bar"))     // Blob 2
	generateManifest(descs[0], descs[1:3]...)                  // Blob 3
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("sig_1"))   // Blob 4
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[3], descs[4])               // Blob 5
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("sig_2"))   // Blob 6
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[5], descs[6])               // Blob 7

	ctx := context.Background()
	for i := range blobs {
		err := src.Push(ctx, descs[i], bytes.NewReader(blobs[i]))
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("failed to push test content to src: %d: %v", i, err)
		}
	}

	manifest := descs[3]
	ref := "foobar"
	err := src.Tag(ctx, manifest, ref)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("fail to tag root node", err)
	}

	// test extended copy
	gotDesc, err := oras.ExtendedCopy(ctx, src, ref, dst, "", oras.ExtendedCopyOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Copy() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(gotDesc, manifest) {
		t.Errorf("Copy() = %v, want %v", gotDesc, manifest)
	}

	// verify contents
	for i, desc := range descs {
		exists, err := dst.Exists(ctx, desc)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("dst.Exists(%d) error = %v", i, err)
		}
		if !exists {
			t.Errorf("dst.Exists(%d) = %v, want %v", i, exists, true)
		}
	}

	// verify tag
	gotDesc, err = dst.Resolve(ctx, ref)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("dst.Resolve() error =", err)
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(gotDesc, manifest) {
		t.Errorf("dst.Resolve() = %v, want %v", gotDesc, manifest)
	}
}

func TestExtendedCopyGraph_FullCopy(t *testing.T) {
	// generate test content
	var blobs [][]byte
	var descs []ocispec.Descriptor
	appendBlob := func(mediaType string, blob []byte) {
		blobs = append(blobs, blob)
		descs = append(descs, ocispec.Descriptor{
			MediaType: mediaType,
			Digest:    digest.FromBytes(blob),
			Size:      int64(len(blob)),
		})
	}
	generateManifest := func(config ocispec.Descriptor, layers ...ocispec.Descriptor) {
		manifest := ocispec.Manifest{
			Config: config,
			Layers: layers,
		}
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest, manifestJSON)
	}
	generateIndex := func(manifests ...ocispec.Descriptor) {
		index := ocispec.Index{
			Manifests: manifests,
		}
		indexJSON, err := json.Marshal(index)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageIndex, indexJSON)
	}
	generateArtifactManifest := func(subject ocispec.Descriptor, blobs ...ocispec.Descriptor) {
		var manifest artifactspec.Manifest
		artifactSubject := descriptor.OCIToArtifact(subject)
		manifest.Subject = &artifactSubject
		for _, blob := range blobs {
			manifest.Blobs = append(manifest.Blobs, descriptor.OCIToArtifact(blob))
		}
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest, manifestJSON)
	}

	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageConfig, []byte("config_1")) // Blob 0
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("foo"))       // Blob 1
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("bar"))       // Blob 2
	generateManifest(descs[0], descs[1:3]...)                    // Blob 3
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("baz"))       // Blob 4
	generateManifest(descs[0], descs[4])                         // Blob 5 (root)
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageConfig, []byte("config_2")) // Blob 6
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("hello"))     // Blob 7
	generateManifest(descs[6], descs[7])                         // Blob 8
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("sig_1"))     // Blob 9
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[8], descs[9])                 // Blob 10
	generateIndex(descs[3], descs[10])                           // Blob 11 (root)
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("goodbye"))   // Blob 12
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("sig_2"))     // Blob 13
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[12], descs[13])               // Blob 14 (root)

	ctx := context.Background()
	verifyCopy := func(dst content.Fetcher, copiedIndice []int, uncopiedIndice []int) {
		for _, i := range copiedIndice {
			got, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i])
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, false)
				continue
			}
			if want := blobs[i]; !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] = %v, want %v", i, got, want)
			}
		}
		for _, i := range uncopiedIndice {
			if _, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i]); !errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, errdef.ErrNotFound)
			}
		}
	}

	src := memory.New()
	for i := range blobs {
		err := src.Push(ctx, descs[i], bytes.NewReader(blobs[i]))
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("failed to push test content to src: %d: %v", i, err)
		}
	}

	// test extended copy by descs[0]
	dst := memory.New()
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	// graph rooted by descs[11] should be copied
	copiedIndice := []int{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
	uncopiedIndice := []int{12, 13, 14}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)

	// test extended copy by descs[4]
	dst = memory.New()
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[4], oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	// graph rooted by descs[5] should be copied
	copiedIndice = []int{0, 4, 5}
	uncopiedIndice = []int{1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)

	// test extended copy by descs[14]
	dst = memory.New()
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[14], oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	// graph rooted by descs[14] should be copied
	copiedIndice = []int{12, 13, 14}
	uncopiedIndice = []int{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)
}

func TestExtendedCopyGraph_PartialCopy(t *testing.T) {
	src := memory.New()
	dst := memory.New()

	// generate test content
	var blobs [][]byte
	var descs []ocispec.Descriptor
	appendBlob := func(mediaType string, blob []byte) {
		blobs = append(blobs, blob)
		descs = append(descs, ocispec.Descriptor{
			MediaType: mediaType,
			Digest:    digest.FromBytes(blob),
			Size:      int64(len(blob)),
		})
	}
	generateManifest := func(config ocispec.Descriptor, layers ...ocispec.Descriptor) {
		manifest := ocispec.Manifest{
			Config: config,
			Layers: layers,
		}
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest, manifestJSON)
	}
	generateIndex := func(manifests ...ocispec.Descriptor) {
		index := ocispec.Index{
			Manifests: manifests,
		}
		indexJSON, err := json.Marshal(index)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageIndex, indexJSON)
	}

	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageConfig, []byte("config")) // Blob 0
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("foo"))     // Blob 1
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("bar"))     // Blob 2
	generateManifest(descs[0], descs[1:3]...)                  // Blob 3
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("hello"))   // Blob 4
	generateManifest(descs[0], descs[4])                       // Blob 5
	generateIndex(descs[3], descs[5])                          // Blob 6 (root)

	ctx := context.Background()
	for i := range blobs {
		err := src.Push(ctx, descs[i], bytes.NewReader(blobs[i]))
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("failed to push test content to src: %d: %v", i, err)
		}
	}

	// test copy a part of the graph
	root := descs[3]
	if err := oras.CopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, root, oras.CopyGraphOptions{}); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("CopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	// blobs [0-3] should be copied
	for i := range blobs[:4] {
		got, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i])
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, false)
		}
		if want := blobs[i]; !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
			t.Fatalf("content[%d] = %v, want %v", i, got, want)
		}
	}

	// test extended copy by descs[0]
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}

	// all blobs should be copied
	for i := range blobs {
		got, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i])
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, false)
			continue
		}
		if want := blobs[i]; !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
			t.Errorf("content[%d] = %v, want %v", i, got, want)
		}
	}
}

func TestExtendedCopyGraph_WithDepthOption(t *testing.T) {
	// generate test content
	var blobs [][]byte
	var descs []ocispec.Descriptor
	appendBlob := func(mediaType string, blob []byte) {
		blobs = append(blobs, blob)
		descs = append(descs, ocispec.Descriptor{
			MediaType: mediaType,
			Digest:    digest.FromBytes(blob),
			Size:      int64(len(blob)),
		})
	}
	generateManifest := func(config ocispec.Descriptor, layers ...ocispec.Descriptor) {
		manifest := ocispec.Manifest{
			Config: config,
			Layers: layers,
		}
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest, manifestJSON)
	}
	generateIndex := func(manifests ...ocispec.Descriptor) {
		index := ocispec.Index{
			Manifests: manifests,
		}
		indexJSON, err := json.Marshal(index)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageIndex, indexJSON)
	}
	generateArtifactManifest := func(subject ocispec.Descriptor, blobs ...ocispec.Descriptor) {
		var manifest artifactspec.Manifest
		artifactSubject := descriptor.OCIToArtifact(subject)
		manifest.Subject = &artifactSubject
		for _, blob := range blobs {
			manifest.Blobs = append(manifest.Blobs, descriptor.OCIToArtifact(blob))
		}
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest, manifestJSON)
	}

	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageConfig, []byte("config_1")) // Blob 0
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("foo"))       // Blob 1
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("bar"))       // Blob 2
	generateManifest(descs[0], descs[1:3]...)                    // Blob 3
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("baz"))       // Blob 4
	generateManifest(descs[0], descs[4])                         // Blob 5 (root)
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageConfig, []byte("config_2")) // Blob 6
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("hello"))     // Blob 7
	generateManifest(descs[6], descs[7])                         // Blob 8
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("sig_1"))     // Blob 9
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[8], descs[9])                 // Blob 10
	generateIndex(descs[3], descs[10])                           // Blob 11 (root)
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("goodbye"))   // Blob 12
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("sig_2"))     // Blob 13
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[12], descs[13])               // Blob 14 (root)

	ctx := context.Background()
	verifyCopy := func(dst content.Fetcher, copiedIndice []int, uncopiedIndice []int) {
		for _, i := range copiedIndice {
			got, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i])
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, false)
				continue
			}
			if want := blobs[i]; !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] = %v, want %v", i, got, want)
			}
		}
		for _, i := range uncopiedIndice {
			if _, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i]); !errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, errdef.ErrNotFound)
			}
		}
	}

	src := memory.New()
	for i := range blobs {
		err := src.Push(ctx, descs[i], bytes.NewReader(blobs[i]))
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("failed to push test content to src: %d: %v", i, err)
		}
	}

	// test extended copy by descs[0] with default depth 0
	dst := memory.New()
	opts := oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	// graph rooted by descs[11] should be copied
	copiedIndice := []int{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
	uncopiedIndice := []int{12, 13, 14}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)

	// test extended copy by descs[0] with depth of 1
	dst = memory.New()
	opts = oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{Depth: 1}
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	// graph rooted by descs[3] and descs[5] should be copied
	copiedIndice = []int{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
	uncopiedIndice = []int{6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)

	// test extended copy by descs[0] with depth of 2
	dst = memory.New()
	opts = oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{Depth: 2}
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	// graph rooted by descs[11] should be copied
	copiedIndice = []int{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
	uncopiedIndice = []int{12, 13, 14}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)

	// test extended copy by descs[0] with depth -1
	dst = memory.New()
	opts = oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{Depth: -1}
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	// graph rooted by descs[11] should be copied
	copiedIndice = []int{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
	uncopiedIndice = []int{12, 13, 14}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)
}

func TestExtendedCopyGraph_WithFindPredecessorsOption(t *testing.T) {
	// generate test content
	var blobs [][]byte
	var descs []ocispec.Descriptor
	appendBlob := func(mediaType string, blob []byte) {
		blobs = append(blobs, blob)
		descs = append(descs, ocispec.Descriptor{
			MediaType: mediaType,
			Digest:    digest.FromBytes(blob),
			Size:      int64(len(blob)),
		})
	}
	generateManifest := func(config ocispec.Descriptor, layers ...ocispec.Descriptor) {
		manifest := ocispec.Manifest{
			Config: config,
			Layers: layers,
		}
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest, manifestJSON)
	}
	generateIndex := func(manifests ...ocispec.Descriptor) {
		index := ocispec.Index{
			Manifests: manifests,
		}
		indexJSON, err := json.Marshal(index)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageIndex, indexJSON)
	}
	generateArtifactManifest := func(subject ocispec.Descriptor, blobs ...ocispec.Descriptor) {
		var manifest artifactspec.Manifest
		artifactSubject := descriptor.OCIToArtifact(subject)
		manifest.Subject = &artifactSubject
		for _, blob := range blobs {
			manifest.Blobs = append(manifest.Blobs, descriptor.OCIToArtifact(blob))
		}
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest, manifestJSON)
	}

	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageConfig, []byte("config_1")) // Blob 0
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("foo"))       // Blob 1
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("bar"))       // Blob 2
	generateManifest(descs[0], descs[1:3]...)                    // Blob 3
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("sig_1"))     // Blob 4
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[3], descs[4])                 // Blob 5 (root)
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("baz"))       // Blob 6
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[3], descs[6])                 // Blob 7 (root)
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageConfig, []byte("config_2")) // Blob 8
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("hello"))     // Blob 9
	generateManifest(descs[8], descs[9])                         // Blob 10
	generateIndex(descs[3], descs[10])                           // Blob 11 (root)

	ctx := context.Background()
	verifyCopy := func(dst content.Fetcher, copiedIndice []int, uncopiedIndice []int) {
		for _, i := range copiedIndice {
			got, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i])
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, false)
				continue
			}
			if want := blobs[i]; !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] = %v, want %v", i, got, want)
			}
		}
		for _, i := range uncopiedIndice {
			if _, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i]); !errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, errdef.ErrNotFound)
			}
		}
	}

	src := memory.New()
	for i := range blobs {
		err := src.Push(ctx, descs[i], bytes.NewReader(blobs[i]))
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("failed to push test content to src: %d: %v", i, err)
		}
	}

	// test extended copy by descs[3] with media type filter
	dst := memory.New()
	opts := oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{
		FindPredecessors: func(ctx context.Context, src content.ReadOnlyGraphStorage, desc ocispec.Descriptor) ([]ocispec.Descriptor, error) {
			predecessors, err := src.Predecessors(ctx, desc)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			var filtered []ocispec.Descriptor
			for _, p := range predecessors {
				// filter media type
				switch p.MediaType {
				case artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest:
					filtered = append(filtered, p)
				}
			}

			return filtered, nil
		},
	}
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[3], opts); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	// graph rooted by descs[5] and decs[7] should be copied
	copiedIndice := []int{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
	uncopiedIndice := []int{8, 9, 10, 11}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)
}

func TestExtendedCopy_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
	src := memory.New()
	dst := memory.New()

	ref := "foobar"
	ctx := context.Background()
	_, err := oras.ExtendedCopy(ctx, src, ref, dst, "", oras.ExtendedCopyOptions{})
	if !errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopy() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, errdef.ErrNotFound)
	}
}

func TestExtendedCopyGraph_FilterAnnotationWithRegex(t *testing.T) {
	// generate test content
	var blobs [][]byte
	var descs []ocispec.Descriptor
	appendBlob := func(mediaType string, blob []byte, key string, value string) {
		blobs = append(blobs, blob)
		descs = append(descs, ocispec.Descriptor{
			MediaType:   mediaType,
			Digest:      digest.FromBytes(blob),
			Size:        int64(len(blob)),
			Annotations: map[string]string{key: value},
		})
	}
	generateArtifactManifest := func(subject ocispec.Descriptor, key string, value string) {
		var manifest artifactspec.Manifest
		artifactSubject := descriptor.OCIToArtifact(subject)
		manifest.Subject = &artifactSubject
		manifest.Annotations = map[string]string{key: value}
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest, manifestJSON, key, value)
	}
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("foo"), "bar", "blackpink") // descs[0]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "bluebrown")                     // descs[1]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "blackred")                      // descs[2]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "blackviolet")                   // descs[3]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "greengrey")                     // descs[4]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "brownblack")                    // descs[5]
	ctx := context.Background()
	verifyCopy := func(dst content.Fetcher, copiedIndice []int, uncopiedIndice []int) {
		for _, i := range copiedIndice {
			got, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i])
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, false)
				continue
			}
			if want := blobs[i]; !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] = %v, want %v", i, got, want)
			}
		}
		for _, i := range uncopiedIndice {
			if _, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i]); !errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, errdef.ErrNotFound)
			}
		}
	}
	src := memory.New()
	for i := range blobs {
		err := src.Push(ctx, descs[i], bytes.NewReader(blobs[i]))
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("failed to push test content to src: %d: %v", i, err)
		}
	}
	// test extended copy by descs[0] with annotation filter
	dst := memory.New()
	opts := oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}
	exp := "black."
	regex := regexp.MustCompile(exp)
	opts.FilterAnnotation("bar", regex)
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	copiedIndice := []int{0, 2, 3}
	uncopiedIndice := []int{1, 4, 5}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)

	// test FilterAnnotation with key unavailable in predecessors' annotation
	// should return nothing
	dst = memory.New()
	opts = oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}
	exp = "black."
	regex = regexp.MustCompile(exp)
	opts.FilterAnnotation("bar1", regex)

	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	copiedIndice = []int{0}
	uncopiedIndice = []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)

	//test FilterAnnotation with key available in predecessors' annotation, regex equal to nil
	//should return all predecessors with the provided key
	dst = memory.New()
	opts = oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}
	opts.FilterAnnotation("bar", nil)
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	copiedIndice = []int{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
	uncopiedIndice = []int{}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)
}

func TestExtendedCopyGraph_FilterAnnotationWithMultipleRegex(t *testing.T) {
	// generate test content
	var blobs [][]byte
	var descs []ocispec.Descriptor
	appendBlob := func(mediaType string, blob []byte, key string, value string) {
		blobs = append(blobs, blob)
		descs = append(descs, ocispec.Descriptor{
			MediaType:   mediaType,
			Digest:      digest.FromBytes(blob),
			Size:        int64(len(blob)),
			Annotations: map[string]string{key: value},
		})
	}
	generateArtifactManifest := func(subject ocispec.Descriptor, key string, value string) {
		var manifest artifactspec.Manifest
		artifactSubject := descriptor.OCIToArtifact(subject)
		manifest.Subject = &artifactSubject
		manifest.Annotations = map[string]string{key: value}
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest, manifestJSON, key, value)
	}
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("foo"), "bar", "blackpink") // descs[0]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "bluebrown")                     // descs[1]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "blackred")                      // descs[2]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "blackviolet")                   // descs[3]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "greengrey")                     // descs[4]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "brownblack")                    // descs[5]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "blackblack")                    // descs[6]
	ctx := context.Background()
	verifyCopy := func(dst content.Fetcher, copiedIndice []int, uncopiedIndice []int) {
		for _, i := range copiedIndice {
			got, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i])
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, false)
				continue
			}
			if want := blobs[i]; !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] = %v, want %v", i, got, want)
			}
		}
		for _, i := range uncopiedIndice {
			if _, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i]); !errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, errdef.ErrNotFound)
			}
		}
	}
	src := memory.New()
	for i := range blobs {
		err := src.Push(ctx, descs[i], bytes.NewReader(blobs[i]))
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("failed to push test content to src: %d: %v", i, err)
		}
	}
	// test extended copy by descs[0] with two annotation filters
	dst := memory.New()
	opts := oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}
	exp1 := "black."
	exp2 := ".pink|red"
	regex1 := regexp.MustCompile(exp1)
	regex2 := regexp.MustCompile(exp2)
	opts.FilterAnnotation("bar", regex1)
	opts.FilterAnnotation("bar", regex2)
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	copiedIndice := []int{0, 2}
	uncopiedIndice := []int{1, 3, 4, 5, 6}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)

	// test extended copy by descs[0] with three annotation filters, nil included
	dst = memory.New()
	opts = oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}
	exp1 = "black."
	exp2 = ".pink|red"
	regex1 = regexp.MustCompile(exp1)
	regex2 = regexp.MustCompile(exp2)
	opts.FilterAnnotation("bar", regex1)
	opts.FilterAnnotation("bar", nil)
	opts.FilterAnnotation("bar", regex2)
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	copiedIndice = []int{0, 2}
	uncopiedIndice = []int{1, 3, 4, 5, 6}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)

	// test extended copy by descs[0] with two annotation filters, the second filter has an unavailable key
	dst = memory.New()
	opts = oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}
	exp1 = "black."
	exp2 = ".pink|red"
	regex1 = regexp.MustCompile(exp1)
	regex2 = regexp.MustCompile(exp2)
	opts.FilterAnnotation("bar", regex1)
	opts.FilterAnnotation("test", regex2)
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	copiedIndice = []int{0}
	uncopiedIndice = []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)
}

func TestExtendedCopyGraph_FilterAnnotationWithRegexNoAnnotationInDescriptor(t *testing.T) {
	// generate test content
	var blobs [][]byte
	var descs []ocispec.Descriptor
	appendBlob := func(mediaType string, blob []byte) {
		blobs = append(blobs, blob)
		descs = append(descs, ocispec.Descriptor{
			MediaType: mediaType,
			Digest:    digest.FromBytes(blob),
			Size:      int64(len(blob)),
		})
	}
	generateArtifactManifest := func(subject ocispec.Descriptor, key string, value string) {
		var manifest artifactspec.Manifest
		artifactSubject := descriptor.OCIToArtifact(subject)
		manifest.Subject = &artifactSubject
		manifest.Annotations = map[string]string{key: value}
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest, manifestJSON)
	}
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer, []byte("foo"))   // descs[0]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "bluebrown")   // descs[1]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "blackred")    // descs[2]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "blackviolet") // descs[3]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "greengrey")   // descs[4]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bar", "brownblack")  // descs[5]
	ctx := context.Background()
	verifyCopy := func(dst content.Fetcher, copiedIndice []int, uncopiedIndice []int) {
		for _, i := range copiedIndice {
			got, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i])
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, false)
				continue
			}
			if want := blobs[i]; !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] = %v, want %v", i, got, want)
			}
		}
		for _, i := range uncopiedIndice {
			if _, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i]); !errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, errdef.ErrNotFound)
			}
		}
	}
	src := memory.New()
	for i := range blobs {
		err := src.Push(ctx, descs[i], bytes.NewReader(blobs[i]))
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("failed to push test content to src: %d: %v", i, err)
		}
	}
	// test extended copy by descs[0] with annotation filter
	dst := memory.New()
	opts := oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}
	exp := "black."
	regex := regexp.MustCompile(exp)
	opts.FilterAnnotation("bar", regex)
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	copiedIndice := []int{0, 2, 3}
	uncopiedIndice := []int{1, 4, 5}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)
}

func TestExtendedCopyGraph_FilterArtifactTypeWithRegex(t *testing.T) {
	// generate test content
	var blobs [][]byte
	var descs []ocispec.Descriptor
	appendBlob := func(mediaType string, blob []byte) {
		blobs = append(blobs, blob)
		descs = append(descs, ocispec.Descriptor{
			MediaType: mediaType,
			Digest:    digest.FromBytes(blob),
			Size:      int64(len(blob)),
		})
	}
	generateArtifactManifest := func(subject ocispec.Descriptor, artifactType string) {
		var manifest artifactspec.Manifest
		artifactSubject := descriptor.OCIToArtifact(subject)
		manifest.Subject = &artifactSubject
		manifest.ArtifactType = artifactType
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest, manifestJSON)
	}

	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageConfig, []byte("foo")) // descs[0]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "good-bar-yellow")   // descs[1]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bad-woo-red")       // descs[2]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bad-bar-blue")      // descs[3]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bad-bar-red")       // descs[4]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "good-woo-pink")     // descs[5]

	ctx := context.Background()
	verifyCopy := func(dst content.Fetcher, copiedIndice []int, uncopiedIndice []int) {
		for _, i := range copiedIndice {
			got, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i])
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, false)
				continue
			}
			if want := blobs[i]; !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] = %v, want %v", i, got, want)
			}
		}
		for _, i := range uncopiedIndice {
			if _, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i]); !errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, errdef.ErrNotFound)
			}
		}
	}

	src := memory.New()
	for i := range blobs {
		err := src.Push(ctx, descs[i], bytes.NewReader(blobs[i]))
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("failed to push test content to src: %d: %v", i, err)
		}
	}

	// test extended copy by descs[0], include the predecessors whose artifact
	// type matches exp.
	exp := ".bar."
	dst := memory.New()
	opts := oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}
	regex := regexp.MustCompile(exp)
	opts.FilterArtifactType(regex)
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	copiedIndice := []int{0, 1, 3, 4}
	uncopiedIndice := []int{2, 5}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)

	// test extended copy by descs[0] with no regex
	// type matches exp.
	opts = oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}
	opts.FilterArtifactType(nil)
	if opts.FindPredecessors != nil {
		t.Fatal("FindPredecessors not nil!")
	}
}

func TestExtendedCopyGraph_FilterArtifactTypeWithMultipleRegex(t *testing.T) {
	// generate test content
	var blobs [][]byte
	var descs []ocispec.Descriptor
	appendBlob := func(mediaType string, blob []byte) {
		blobs = append(blobs, blob)
		descs = append(descs, ocispec.Descriptor{
			MediaType: mediaType,
			Digest:    digest.FromBytes(blob),
			Size:      int64(len(blob)),
		})
	}
	generateArtifactManifest := func(subject ocispec.Descriptor, artifactType string) {
		var manifest artifactspec.Manifest
		artifactSubject := descriptor.OCIToArtifact(subject)
		manifest.Subject = &artifactSubject
		manifest.ArtifactType = artifactType
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest, manifestJSON)
	}
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageConfig, []byte("foo")) // descs[0]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "good-bar-yellow")   // descs[1]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bad-woo-red")       // descs[2]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bad-bar-blue")      // descs[3]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bad-bar-red")       // descs[4]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "good-woo-pink")     // descs[5]

	ctx := context.Background()
	verifyCopy := func(dst content.Fetcher, copiedIndice []int, uncopiedIndice []int) {
		for _, i := range copiedIndice {
			got, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i])
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, false)
				continue
			}
			if want := blobs[i]; !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] = %v, want %v", i, got, want)
			}
		}
		for _, i := range uncopiedIndice {
			if _, err := dst.Fetch(ctx, descs[i]); !errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, errdef.ErrNotFound)
			}
		}
	}

	src := memory.New()
	for i := range blobs {
		err := src.Push(ctx, descs[i], bytes.NewReader(blobs[i]))
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("failed to push test content to src: %d: %v", i, err)
		}
	}

	// test extended copy by descs[0], include the predecessors whose artifact
	// type matches exp1 and exp2.
	exp1 := ".foo|bar."
	exp2 := "bad."
	dst := memory.New()
	opts := oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}
	regex1 := regexp.MustCompile(exp1)
	regex2 := regexp.MustCompile(exp2)
	opts.FilterArtifactType(regex1)
	opts.FilterArtifactType(regex2)
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	copiedIndice := []int{0, 3, 4}
	uncopiedIndice := []int{1, 2, 5}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)

	// test extended copy by descs[0], include the predecessors whose artifact
	// type matches exp1 and exp2 and nil
	exp1 = ".foo|bar."
	exp2 = "bad."
	dst = memory.New()
	opts = oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}
	regex1 = regexp.MustCompile(exp1)
	regex2 = regexp.MustCompile(exp2)
	opts.FilterArtifactType(regex1)
	opts.FilterArtifactType(regex2)
	opts.FilterArtifactType(nil)
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	copiedIndice = []int{0, 3, 4}
	uncopiedIndice = []int{1, 2, 5}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)
}

func TestExtendedCopyGraph_FilterArtifactTypeByReferrersWithMultipleRegex(t *testing.T) {
	// generate test content
	var blobs [][]byte
	var descs []ocispec.Descriptor
	var referrerSet []artifactspec.Descriptor
	appendBlob := func(mediaType string, blob []byte) {
		blobs = append(blobs, blob)
		descs = append(descs, ocispec.Descriptor{
			MediaType: mediaType,
			Digest:    digest.FromBytes(blob),
			Size:      int64(len(blob)),
		})
	}
	generateArtifactManifest := func(subject ocispec.Descriptor, artifactType string) {
		var manifest artifactspec.Manifest
		artifactSubject := descriptor.OCIToArtifact(subject)
		manifest.Subject = &artifactSubject
		manifest.ArtifactType = artifactType
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest, manifestJSON)
	}
	pushReferrers := func(desc ocispec.Descriptor, artifactType string) {
		referrerSet = append(referrerSet, artifactspec.Descriptor{
			MediaType:    desc.MediaType,
			ArtifactType: artifactType,
			Digest:       desc.Digest,
			Size:         desc.Size,
		})
	}

	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageConfig, []byte("foo")) // descs[0]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "good-bar-yellow")   // descs[1]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bad-woo-red")       // descs[2]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bad-bar-blue")      // descs[3]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bad-bar-red")       // descs[4]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "good-woo-pink")     // descs[5]
	pushReferrers(descs[1], "good-bar-yellow")
	pushReferrers(descs[2], "bad-woo-red")
	pushReferrers(descs[3], "bad-bar-blue")
	pushReferrers(descs[4], "bad-bar-red")
	pushReferrers(descs[5], "good-woo-pink")

	// set up test server
	ts := httptest.NewTLSServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		p := r.URL.Path
		w.Header().Set("ORAS-Api-Version", "oras/1.0")
		switch {
		case strings.Contains(p, descs[0].Digest.String()):
			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", ocispec.MediaTypeImageConfig)
			w.Header().Set("Content-Digest", descs[0].Digest.String())
			w.Header().Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(len(blobs[0])))
			w.Write(blobs[0])
		case strings.Contains(p, descs[1].Digest.String()):
			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest)
			w.Header().Set("Content-Digest", descs[1].Digest.String())
			w.Header().Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(len(blobs[1])))
			w.Write(blobs[1])
		case strings.Contains(p, descs[2].Digest.String()):
			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest)
			w.Header().Set("Content-Digest", descs[2].Digest.String())
			w.Header().Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(len(blobs[2])))
			w.Write(blobs[2])
		case strings.Contains(p, descs[3].Digest.String()):
			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest)
			w.Header().Set("Content-Digest", descs[3].Digest.String())
			w.Header().Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(len(blobs[3])))
			w.Write(blobs[3])
		case strings.Contains(p, descs[4].Digest.String()):
			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest)
			w.Header().Set("Content-Digest", descs[4].Digest.String())
			w.Header().Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(len(blobs[4])))
			w.Write(blobs[4])
		case strings.Contains(p, descs[5].Digest.String()):
			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest)
			w.Header().Set("Content-Digest", descs[5].Digest.String())
			w.Header().Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(len(blobs[5])))
			w.Write(blobs[5])
		case strings.Contains(p, "referrers"):
			q := r.URL.Query()
			var referrers []artifactspec.Descriptor
			if q.Get("digest") == descs[0].Digest.String() {
				referrers = referrerSet
			}
			result := struct {
				Referrers []artifactspec.Descriptor `json:"referrers"`
			}{
				Referrers: referrers,
			}
			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(result); err != nil {
				t.Errorf("failed to write response: %v", err)
			}
		default:
			t.Errorf("unexpected access: %s %s", r.Method, r.URL)
			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
			return
		}
	}))
	defer ts.Close()
	uri, err := url.Parse(ts.URL)
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("invalid test http server: %v", err)
	}

	ctx := context.Background()
	verifyCopy := func(dst content.Fetcher, copiedIndice []int, uncopiedIndice []int) {
		for _, i := range copiedIndice {
			got, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i])
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, false)
				continue
			}
			if want := blobs[i]; !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] = %v, want %v", i, got, want)
			}
		}
		for _, i := range uncopiedIndice {
			if _, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i]); !errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, errdef.ErrNotFound)
			}
		}
	}

	src, err := remote.NewRepository(uri.Host + "/test")
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("NewRepository() error = %v", err)
	}

	// test extended copy by descs[0], include the predecessors whose artifact
	// type matches exp1 and exp2.
	exp1 := ".foo|bar."
	exp2 := "bad."
	dst := memory.New()
	opts := oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}
	regex1 := regexp.MustCompile(exp1)
	regex2 := regexp.MustCompile(exp2)
	opts.FilterArtifactType(regex1)
	opts.FilterArtifactType(regex2)
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	copiedIndice := []int{0, 3, 4}
	uncopiedIndice := []int{1, 2, 5}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)
}

func TestExtendedCopyGraph_FilterArtifactTypeAndAnnotationWithMultipleRegex(t *testing.T) {
	// generate test content
	var blobs [][]byte
	var descs []ocispec.Descriptor
	appendBlob := func(mediaType string, blob []byte, value string) {
		blobs = append(blobs, blob)
		descs = append(descs, ocispec.Descriptor{
			MediaType:   mediaType,
			Digest:      digest.FromBytes(blob),
			Size:        int64(len(blob)),
			Annotations: map[string]string{"rank": value},
		})
	}
	generateArtifactManifest := func(subject ocispec.Descriptor, artifactType string, value string) {
		var manifest artifactspec.Manifest
		artifactSubject := descriptor.OCIToArtifact(subject)
		manifest.Subject = &artifactSubject
		manifest.ArtifactType = artifactType
		manifest.Annotations = map[string]string{"rank": value}
		manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		appendBlob(artifactspec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest, manifestJSON, value)
	}
	appendBlob(ocispec.MediaTypeImageConfig, []byte("foo"), "na") // descs[0]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "good-bar-yellow", "1st")  // descs[1]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bad-woo-red", "1st")      // descs[2]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bad-bar-blue", "2nd")     // descs[3]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bad-bar-red", "3rd")      // descs[4]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "good-woo-pink", "2nd")    // descs[5]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "good-foo-blue", "3rd")    // descs[6]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bad-bar-orange", "4th")   // descs[7]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "bad-woo-white", "4th")    // descs[8]
	generateArtifactManifest(descs[0], "good-woo-orange", "na")   // descs[9]

	ctx := context.Background()
	verifyCopy := func(dst content.Fetcher, copiedIndice []int, uncopiedIndice []int) {
		for _, i := range copiedIndice {
			got, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, dst, descs[i])
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, false)
				continue
			}
			if want := blobs[i]; !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] = %v, want %v", i, got, want)
			}
		}
		for _, i := range uncopiedIndice {
			if _, err := dst.Fetch(ctx, descs[i]); !errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
				t.Errorf("content[%d] error = %v, wantErr %v", i, err, errdef.ErrNotFound)
			}
		}
	}

	src := memory.New()
	for i := range blobs {
		err := src.Push(ctx, descs[i], bytes.NewReader(blobs[i]))
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("failed to push test content to src: %d: %v", i, err)
		}
	}

	// test extended copy by descs[0], include the predecessors whose artifact
	// type and annotation match the regular expressions.
	typeExp1 := ".foo|bar."
	typeExp2 := "bad."
	annotationExp1 := "[1-4]."
	annotationExp2 := "2|4."
	dst := memory.New()
	opts := oras.ExtendedCopyGraphOptions{}
	typeRegex1 := regexp.MustCompile(typeExp1)
	typeRegex2 := regexp.MustCompile(typeExp2)
	annotationRegex1 := regexp.MustCompile(annotationExp1)
	annotationRegex2 := regexp.MustCompile(annotationExp2)
	opts.FilterAnnotation("rank", annotationRegex1)
	opts.FilterArtifactType(typeRegex1)
	opts.FilterAnnotation("rank", annotationRegex2)
	opts.FilterArtifactType(typeRegex2)
	if err := oras.ExtendedCopyGraph(ctx, src, dst, descs[0], opts); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("ExtendedCopyGraph() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, false)
	}
	copiedIndice := []int{0, 3, 7}
	uncopiedIndice := []int{1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9}
	verifyCopy(dst, copiedIndice, uncopiedIndice)
}