- Basic Data Types
- Mathematical Operators
- String Data Type
- Basic Type Conversions
- User Input
- List Data Type
- 2D List
- Tuple Data Type
- Set Data Type
- Dictionary Data Type
- Summary
- Tasks
Python supports several basic data types, including integers, floats, strings, and booleans.
Integers are whole numbers without a decimal point.
x = 50
print(x)
print(type(x))Output:
50
<class 'int'>
Floats are numbers with a decimal point.
decimal_number = -5.000005
print(decimal_number)
print(type(decimal_number))Output:
-5.000005
<class 'float'>
Strings are sequences of characters enclosed in quotes.
word = "Python"
print(word)
print(type(word))Output:
Python
<class 'str'>
Booleans represent one of two values: True or False.
b = True
print(b)
print(type(b))
b = False
print(b)
print(type(b))Output:
True
<class 'bool'>
False
<class 'bool'>
Python provides various mathematical operators for arithmetic operations.
The assignment operator = is used to assign a value to a variable.
x = 10
print(x)Output:
10
The addition operator + adds two numbers.
a = 3 + 5
print(a)Output:
8
The subtraction operator - subtracts one number from another.
a = 10 - 5
print(a)Output:
5
The multiplication operator * multiplies two numbers.
a = 5 * 6
print(a)Output:
30
The division operator / divides one number by another.
a = 10 / 4
print(a)Output:
2.5
The floor division operator // divides one number by another and returns the largest integer less than or equal to the result.
a = 10 // 4
print(a)Output:
2
The modulus operator % returns the remainder of the division of one number by another.
a = 10 % 4
print(a)Output:
2
The exponentiation operator ** raises one number to the power of another.
a = 5 ** 3
print(a)Output:
125
Strings in Python can be manipulated in various ways.
word = 'Python'
print(word)Output:
Python
You can use triple quotes to create multi-line strings.
text = """
Python
1) Python is an interesting programming language.
2) It is a simple language.
"""
print(text)Output:
Python
1) Python is an interesting programming language.
2) It is a simple language.
You can use the len() function to get the length of a string.
country = "Azerbaijan"
print(len(country))Output:
9
You can slice strings to get a substring.
s = "Hello, Python!"
print(s[7:13])Output:
Python
Python provides various string methods for manipulation.
s = "Hello, Python!"
print(s.upper()) # Convert to uppercase
print(s.lower()) # Convert to lowercase
print(s.strip()) # Remove whitespace
print(s.replace("n","z")) # Replace characters
print(s.capitalize()) # Capitalize the first letter
print(s.count("on")) # Count occurrences
print(s.find("on")) # Find substring
print(s.isdigit()) # Check if all characters are digits
print(s.isalpha()) # Check if all characters are alphabeticOutput:
HELLO, PYTHON!
hello, python!
Hello, Python!
Hello, Pythoz!
Hello, python!
2
9
False
False
You can convert between different data types using built-in functions.
a = int(1.15) # From float
print(a, type(a))
a = int("100") # From string
print(a, type(a))Output:
1 <class 'int'>
100 <class 'int'>
a = float(10) # From integer
print(a, type(a))
a = float("10.5") # From string
print(a, type(a))Output:
10.0 <class 'float'>
10.5 <class 'float'>
a = str(12) # From integer
print(a, type(a))
a = str(10.05) # From float
print(a, type(a))Output:
12 <class 'str'>
10.05 <class 'str'>
You can get input from the user using the input() function.
name = input("Enter your name: ")
print(f"Hello, {name}")Output:
Enter your name: John
Hello, John
number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print(number ** 2)Output:
Enter a number: 4
16
Lists are used to store multiple items in a single variable.
fruits = ["Apple", "Quince", "Pomegranate", "Pear", "Orange"]
print(fruits)Output:
['Apple', 'Quince', 'Pomegranate', 'Pear', 'Orange']
fruits.append("Kiwi")
print(fruits)Output:
['Apple', 'Quince', 'Pomegranate', 'Pear', 'Orange', 'Kiwi']
fruits.insert(3, "New Element")
print(fruits)Output:
['Apple', 'Quince', 'Pomegranate', 'New Element', 'Pear', 'Orange', 'Kiwi']
fruits.remove("Orange")
print(fruits)Output:
['Apple', 'Quince', 'Pomegranate', 'New Element', 'Pear', 'Kiwi']
fruits.pop(2)
print(fruits)Output:
['Apple', 'Quince', 'New Element', 'Pear', 'Kiwi']
fruits.sort()
print(fruits)Output:
['Apple', 'Kiwi', 'New Element', 'Pear', 'Quince']
2D lists (matrices) are lists of lists.
matrix = [
[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9]
]
print(matrix[2][2])Output:
9
Tuples are immutable sequences of items.
programming_languages = ("Python", "Java", "C++", "Javascript", "TypeScript")
print(programming_languages[1:3])Output:
('Java', 'C++')
Sets are unordered collections of unique items.
s = {10, 100, 5, 3, 4, 9}
print(s)
s.add("Python")
print(s)
s.remove(5)
print(s)
s.discard(90)
print(s)
s.clear()
print(s)Output:
{3, 4, 5, 100, 9, 10}
{3, 4, 5, 100, 9, 10, 'Python'}
{3, 4, 100, 9, 10, 'Python'}
{3, 4, 100, 9, 10, 'Python'}
set()
Dictionaries store data in key-value pairs.
person = {
"name": "Ahmed",
"surname": "Ahmedov",
"birthdate": "01.01.2001"
}
print(person.get("name"))
print(person.keys())
print(person.items())Output:
Ahmed
dict_keys(['name', 'surname', 'birthdate'])
dict_items([('name', 'Ahmed'), ('surname', 'Ahmedov'), ('birthdate', '01.01.2001')])
In this chapter, we covered basic data types, mathematical operators, string manipulations, type conversions, user input, and various data structures like lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries.
- Write a program that takes two numbers from the user and prints their sum, difference, product, and quotient.
- Create a list of your favorite fruits and perform various list operations like adding, removing, and sorting items.
- Create a dictionary to store information about a person (name, age, city) and print each piece of information.