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Ethical Hacking Roadmap

Introduction

This roadmap provides a structured approach to learning ethical hacking. It covers various domains including mobile, computer, laptop, and server systems, as well as essential languages, tools, and concepts.

1. Fundamentals of Ethical Hacking

  • Understanding Ethical Hacking: Learn about ethical hacking, its legal implications, and how it differs from malicious hacking.
  • Legal and Ethical Issues: Study laws, regulations, and ethical guidelines in cybersecurity. Familiarize yourself with the legal aspects of hacking and the importance of consent.

2. Networking Basics

  • Networking Concepts: Learn about the OSI model, TCP/IP stack, subnets, and network protocols.
  • Common Protocols: Study HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SMTP, POP, IMAP, DNS, DHCP, and how they operate.

3. Computer Systems and Architecture

  • Operating Systems: Gain knowledge about different operating systems like Windows, Linux, and macOS. Understand their file systems, user management, and security features.
  • System Architecture: Learn about CPU, RAM, storage, and how these components interact with the OS.

4. Languages and Scripting

  • Python: Essential for scripting and automating tasks. Learn libraries like Scapy, Requests, and BeautifulSoup.
  • Bash/Shell Scripting: Useful for automating tasks on Unix/Linux systems.
  • JavaScript: Understand client-side scripting, especially for web application security.
  • C/C++: Learn these for understanding low-level operations and vulnerabilities like buffer overflows.
  • SQL: Essential for understanding SQL injection and database security.

5. Tools and Technologies

  • Reconnaissance Tools:
    • Nmap: Network scanning and vulnerability discovery.
    • Wireshark: Network traffic analysis.
    • Shodan: Internet of Things (IoT) and device discovery.
  • Vulnerability Assessment:
    • Nessus: Comprehensive vulnerability scanner.
    • OpenVAS: Open-source vulnerability scanning tool.
  • Exploitation Frameworks:
    • Metasploit: Exploitation framework with numerous modules for penetration testing.
    • Burp Suite: Web application security testing.
  • Password Cracking:
    • John the Ripper: Password cracking tool.
    • Hashcat: Advanced password recovery tool.
  • Social Engineering:
    • Social Engineering Toolkit (SET): Tool for social engineering attacks.
  • Wireless Security:
    • Aircrack-ng: Suite of tools for wireless network security.
    • Kismet: Wireless network detector and sniffer.
  • Reverse Engineering:
    • Ghidra: Software reverse engineering framework.
    • IDA Pro: Disassembler and debugger.
  • Forensics:
    • Autopsy: Digital forensics platform.
    • Sleuth Kit: Collection of command-line tools for forensic analysis.

6. Mobile Security

  • Android Security: Learn about Android architecture, common vulnerabilities, and tools like Apktool and JADX.
  • iOS Security: Understand iOS security features and tools like Cydia Impactor and Frida.

7. Web Application Security

  • OWASP Top 10: Study the top vulnerabilities in web applications such as SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF).
  • Web Security Testing: Learn how to use tools like Burp Suite and OWASP ZAP for web application security testing.

8. System and Network Attacks

  • Denial of Service (DoS): Understand DoS and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks.
  • Man-in-the-Middle (MitM): Learn about MitM attacks and how to detect and prevent them.
  • Privilege Escalation: Study methods for gaining elevated privileges on systems.

9. Penetration Testing

  • Penetration Testing Process: Understand the phases of penetration testing: reconnaissance, scanning, exploitation, and reporting.
  • Report Writing: Learn how to document findings and create detailed reports.

10. Certifications

  • Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH): Entry-level certification for ethical hacking.
  • Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP): Advanced certification for penetration testing.
  • CompTIA Security+: General cybersecurity certification.

11. Practical Experience

  • Labs and Practice: Engage in hands-on labs and practice environments like Hack The Box, TryHackMe, and CTF (Capture The Flag) challenges.
  • Build a Home Lab: Set up your own lab with virtual machines to practice and test your skills in a controlled environment.

12. Stay Updated

  • Continuous Learning: Stay informed about the latest vulnerabilities, exploits, and security trends by following blogs, forums, and cybersecurity news.

Resources

  • Books:
    • "The Web Application Hacker's Handbook" by Dafydd Stuttard and Marcus Pinto
    • "Hacking: The Art of Exploitation" by Jon Erickson
  • Websites:

Conclusion

Becoming an ethical hacker requires a blend of theoretical knowledge and practical skills. This roadmap covers the essentials, but always remember to use your skills responsibly and ethically.