task4.ipynb

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    "# Apply simple operations over multidimensional data\n",
    "\n",
    "Reference notebook for the fourth task of the Climate Geospatial Analysis with Python and Xarray project on Coursera.\n",
    "\n",
    "Instructor: Danilo Lessa Bernardineli (https://danlessa.github.io/)\n",
    "\n",
    "---\n",
    "\n",
    "- Welcome back! On this task, we are going to learn how to apply simple multidimensional operations, like subtracting and getting the mean. As we'll see, Xarray will allow to have an consistent experience even though we are handling several dimensions.\n",
    "- So in order to start, let's open the task 4 notebook. Run the first blocks, and then open a new cell."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import xarray as xr"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ds = xr.open_dataset('data.nc').sel(expver=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.Dataset&gt;\n",
       "Dimensions:    (latitude: 89, longitude: 142, time: 500)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * longitude  (longitude) float32 -82.0 -81.75 -81.5 ... -47.25 -47.0 -46.75\n",
       "  * latitude   (latitude) float32 6.0 5.75 5.5 5.25 ... -15.5 -15.75 -16.0\n",
       "    expver     int32 1\n",
       "  * time       (time) datetime64[ns] 1979-01-01 1979-02-01 ... 2020-08-01\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    lai_hv     (time, latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    skt        (time, latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    tp         (time, latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    Conventions:  CF-1.6\n",
       "    history:      2020-09-30 12:13:58 GMT by grib_to_netcdf-2.16.0: /opt/ecmw...</pre><div class='xr-wrap' hidden><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-4b19ef3d-2c00-4a3e-8a6b-7554818dc4aa' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-4b19ef3d-2c00-4a3e-8a6b-7554818dc4aa' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>latitude</span>: 89</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>longitude</span>: 142</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 500</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-bd82ab42-24d4-4edb-8d54-2ba28a6b271f' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-bd82ab42-24d4-4edb-8d54-2ba28a6b271f' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(4)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>longitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>-82.0 -81.75 -81.5 ... -47.0 -46.75</div><input id='attrs-5804d7f7-f868-4b58-b6b3-100bf1992754' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-5804d7f7-f868-4b58-b6b3-100bf1992754' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-cf4fd847-9620-44e8-9665-fb55938b1793' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-cf4fd847-9620-44e8-9665-fb55938b1793' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([-82.  , -81.75, -81.5 , -81.25, -81.  , -80.75, -80.5 , -80.25, -80.  ,\n",
       "       -79.75, -79.5 , -79.25, -79.  , -78.75, -78.5 , -78.25, -78.  , -77.75,\n",
       "       -77.5 , -77.25, -77.  , -76.75, -76.5 , -76.25, -76.  , -75.75, -75.5 ,\n",
       "       -75.25, -75.  , -74.75, -74.5 , -74.25, -74.  , -73.75, -73.5 , -73.25,\n",
       "       -73.  , -72.75, -72.5 , -72.25, -72.  , -71.75, -71.5 , -71.25, -71.  ,\n",
       "       -70.75, -70.5 , -70.25, -70.  , -69.75, -69.5 , -69.25, -69.  , -68.75,\n",
       "       -68.5 , -68.25, -68.  , -67.75, -67.5 , -67.25, -67.  , -66.75, -66.5 ,\n",
       "       -66.25, -66.  , -65.75, -65.5 , -65.25, -65.  , -64.75, -64.5 , -64.25,\n",
       "       -64.  , -63.75, -63.5 , -63.25, -63.  , -62.75, -62.5 , -62.25, -62.  ,\n",
       "       -61.75, -61.5 , -61.25, -61.  , -60.75, -60.5 , -60.25, -60.  , -59.75,\n",
       "       -59.5 , -59.25, -59.  , -58.75, -58.5 , -58.25, -58.  , -57.75, -57.5 ,\n",
       "       -57.25, -57.  , -56.75, -56.5 , -56.25, -56.  , -55.75, -55.5 , -55.25,\n",
       "       -55.  , -54.75, -54.5 , -54.25, -54.  , -53.75, -53.5 , -53.25, -53.  ,\n",
       "       -52.75, -52.5 , -52.25, -52.  , -51.75, -51.5 , -51.25, -51.  , -50.75,\n",
       "       -50.5 , -50.25, -50.  , -49.75, -49.5 , -49.25, -49.  , -48.75, -48.5 ,\n",
       "       -48.25, -48.  , -47.75, -47.5 , -47.25, -47.  , -46.75], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>latitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(latitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>6.0 5.75 5.5 ... -15.5 -15.75 -16.0</div><input id='attrs-e2d92fb9-035d-4020-9a3c-bbde0cd18c63' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-e2d92fb9-035d-4020-9a3c-bbde0cd18c63' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-c2813b19-20e1-4af3-b630-1bd2a3a15dd6' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-c2813b19-20e1-4af3-b630-1bd2a3a15dd6' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([  6.  ,   5.75,   5.5 ,   5.25,   5.  ,   4.75,   4.5 ,   4.25,   4.  ,\n",
       "         3.75,   3.5 ,   3.25,   3.  ,   2.75,   2.5 ,   2.25,   2.  ,   1.75,\n",
       "         1.5 ,   1.25,   1.  ,   0.75,   0.5 ,   0.25,   0.  ,  -0.25,  -0.5 ,\n",
       "        -0.75,  -1.  ,  -1.25,  -1.5 ,  -1.75,  -2.  ,  -2.25,  -2.5 ,  -2.75,\n",
       "        -3.  ,  -3.25,  -3.5 ,  -3.75,  -4.  ,  -4.25,  -4.5 ,  -4.75,  -5.  ,\n",
       "        -5.25,  -5.5 ,  -5.75,  -6.  ,  -6.25,  -6.5 ,  -6.75,  -7.  ,  -7.25,\n",
       "        -7.5 ,  -7.75,  -8.  ,  -8.25,  -8.5 ,  -8.75,  -9.  ,  -9.25,  -9.5 ,\n",
       "        -9.75, -10.  , -10.25, -10.5 , -10.75, -11.  , -11.25, -11.5 , -11.75,\n",
       "       -12.  , -12.25, -12.5 , -12.75, -13.  , -13.25, -13.5 , -13.75, -14.  ,\n",
       "       -14.25, -14.5 , -14.75, -15.  , -15.25, -15.5 , -15.75, -16.  ],\n",
       "      dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>expver</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>1</div><input id='attrs-12b16741-1697-405b-b7a5-9fefe8b6ff18' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-12b16741-1697-405b-b7a5-9fefe8b6ff18' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-052f9a6e-6ebf-4b5d-babd-16eb90177a12' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-052f9a6e-6ebf-4b5d-babd-16eb90177a12' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>expver</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(1, dtype=int32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>1979-01-01 ... 2020-08-01</div><input id='attrs-1a2715dc-0a79-4418-8eb7-f5a0aa8b4840' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-1a2715dc-0a79-4418-8eb7-f5a0aa8b4840' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-39a75ba4-c988-46f1-9f21-9a7eff7d4eec' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-39a75ba4-c988-46f1-9f21-9a7eff7d4eec' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;1979-01-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1979-02-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1979-03-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, ..., &#x27;2020-06-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2020-07-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2020-08-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-7b7fd4d1-f92d-49a4-8e20-c498db68b383' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-7b7fd4d1-f92d-49a4-8e20-c498db68b383' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>lai_hv</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, latitude, longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-132c5846-277c-4f11-92f5-0b2ccf84a567' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-132c5846-277c-4f11-92f5-0b2ccf84a567' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-39336bd3-ee31-4231-a682-5850c944602d' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-39336bd3-ee31-4231-a682-5850c944602d' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m**2 m**-2</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Leaf area index, high vegetation</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[6319000 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>skt</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, latitude, longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-7bc40121-0c51-4bf8-8b1f-5788c56aaf4d' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-7bc40121-0c51-4bf8-8b1f-5788c56aaf4d' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-01641376-055f-4ca7-88dc-94cc4ec36686' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-01641376-055f-4ca7-88dc-94cc4ec36686' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>K</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Skin temperature</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[6319000 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>tp</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, latitude, longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-fb071213-ff01-42ae-bc37-09b9aa9de145' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-fb071213-ff01-42ae-bc37-09b9aa9de145' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-d5bd5b85-3991-4503-b52c-06de1be86ca9' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-d5bd5b85-3991-4503-b52c-06de1be86ca9' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Total precipitation</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[6319000 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-c7e27b09-b6f4-4c57-b4fe-5b8b404d91a8' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-c7e27b09-b6f4-4c57-b4fe-5b8b404d91a8' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>Conventions :</span></dt><dd>CF-1.6</dd><dt><span>history :</span></dt><dd>2020-09-30 12:13:58 GMT by grib_to_netcdf-2.16.0: /opt/ecmwf/eccodes/bin/grib_to_netcdf -S param -o /cache/data3/adaptor.mars.internal-1601467697.5455153-2713-35-661286f3-b9cb-4c3f-adde-4dee82266eee.nc /cache/tmp/661286f3-b9cb-4c3f-adde-4dee82266eee-adaptor.mars.internal-1601467697.546053-2713-11-tmp.grib</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:    (latitude: 89, longitude: 142, time: 500)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * longitude  (longitude) float32 -82.0 -81.75 -81.5 ... -47.25 -47.0 -46.75\n",
       "  * latitude   (latitude) float32 6.0 5.75 5.5 5.25 ... -15.5 -15.75 -16.0\n",
       "    expver     int32 1\n",
       "  * time       (time) datetime64[ns] 1979-01-01 1979-02-01 ... 2020-08-01\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    lai_hv     (time, latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    skt        (time, latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    tp         (time, latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    Conventions:  CF-1.6\n",
       "    history:      2020-09-30 12:13:58 GMT by grib_to_netcdf-2.16.0: /opt/ecmw..."
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ds"
   ]
  }
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