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<h1 class="title toc-ignore">Paul Melloy</h1>
<h4 class="date">2025-03-07</h4>
</div>
<p><script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://melloy.matomo.cloud/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src='https://cdn.matomo.cloud/melloy.matomo.cloud/matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })();</script></p>
<p><img src="files/img/PaulinQUTlab.jpg" style="float: right" /></p>
<p><br></p>
<p>I am a Agroecologist at <a href="https://www.csiro.au/">CSIRO.</a> I
specialise in modelling pest and diseases in agriculture and
horticulture for using in decision support tools.</p>
<p>Read about my recent research below, and if you are interested in
collaborating on a research topic, visit my <a
href="https://people.csiro.au/m/p/paul-melloy">CSIRO profile
page.</a></p>
<p><br><br />
<br><br />
<br></p>
<hr />
<div id="recent-work" class="section level2">
<h2>Recent work</h2>
<p><br></p>
<div id="evokeag-2025---brisbane" class="section level3">
<h3>EvokeAg 2025 - Brisbane</h3>
<div id="february-2025" class="section level4">
<h4>February 2025</h4>
<p>No rest for the wicked in February this year. From the 17th to the
20th I attended EvokeAg and some fantastic side-line events that gave
some excellent insights on AgTech adoption concerns, broaden my network
and knowledge of AgTech services offered.</p>
<p><a href="https://paulmelloy.com.au/blog/2025/2502_EvokeAg.html">To
dive deeper and read my full report exploring 2025 EvokeAg and the
sideline events here.</a></p>
<center>
<img src="files/img/20250218_Evoke.jpg" style="width:80.0%" />
</center>
<p><br></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="grdc-updates---adelaide" class="section level3">
<h3>GRDC Updates - Adelaide</h3>
<div id="february-2025-1" class="section level4">
<h4>February 2025</h4>
<p>A successful visit to Adelaide to attend the GRDC updates and meet
face to face for a Canola Allies project meeting. We were able to build
interest in the <a href="https://research.csiro.au/canolaallies/">Canola
Allies</a> project with a table display inviting people to participate
in a impact study to gain the current perspectives on pest management in
canola and their views on where the research should focus. We had a
great time talking with growers and agronomists about how they manage
pests on farm and what they would like to see in a decision support
tool.</p>
<p>Also, I was able to sit in on a few presentations and found talks by
<a href="https://people.csiro.au/l/r/rick-llewellyn">Rick Llewellyn</a>
<em>Digging Deeper - valuing plant and soil testing for agronomic
decisions”</em> <a
href="https://people.csiro.au/R/J/jonathan-richetti">Jonathon
Richetti’s</a> talk on <em>“AI in Agriculture”</em> and <a
href="https://people.csiro.au/L/J/Julianne-Lilley">Julianne Lilley’s</a>
talk on the <a href="https://cropflowering.com.au/">Crop flowering
calculator</a>.</p>
<p>Also great to catch up will Canola Allies colleagues and
collaborators from the NSW DPIRD, SARDI and WA DPIRD. We followed on
from the GRDC updates with a Canola Allies project meeting reported
progress to the project’s external advisory panel then discussed
experimental approach moving forward on the projects four key
outputs.</p>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
<li>Improved understanding of beneficial biology and ecology in canola
and a system to monitor these dynamics.<br />
</li>
<li>Estimation of the impact of beneficial to pest populations and
canola productivity.<br />
</li>
<li>Evaluate the effect of on-farm semi-natural habitats on beneficial
populations.</li>
<li>Develop a spatial model to estimate the impact of landscape on
beneficial survival and pest suppression.</li>
</ol>
<center>
<div class="float">
<img src="files/img/250204_GRDCupdatesAdelaide.jpg"
style="width:70.0%"
alt="Sarina MacFadyen, Paul Melloy and Maryam Ehsangar (PIRSA) at the Adelaide GRDC updates (left to right)" />
<div class="figcaption">Sarina MacFadyen, Paul Melloy and Maryam
Ehsangar (PIRSA) at the Adelaide GRDC updates (left to right)</div>
</div>
</center>
<p><br></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="viticolr-name-change" class="section level3">
<h3>viticolR name change</h3>
<div id="january-2025" class="section level4">
<h4>January 2025</h4>
<p>I have changed the name of package viticolaR to viticolR. Anyone
using this package will need to update thier cloned repositories or
ensure the urls are also updated. New github URL: <a
href="https://github.com/PaulMelloy/viticolR"
class="uri">https://github.com/PaulMelloy/viticolR</a><br />
Decision support tool URL: <a
href="https://apps.paulmelloy.com.au/shiny/viticolR_dst/"
class="uri">https://apps.paulmelloy.com.au/shiny/viticolR_dst/</a><br />
Shout out to <a
href="https://www.njtierney.com/post/2017/10/27/change-pkg-name/">Nick
Tierney’s blog</a> which I followed to remind myself how to do this.</p>
<p><br></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="cercopora-0.0.1-cran-release" class="section level3">
<h3>cercopoRa 0.0.1 CRAN release</h3>
<div id="december-2024" class="section level4">
<h4>December 2024</h4>
<p>I am pleased to announce that the <a
href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/cercospoRa/index.html">cercopoRa</a>
R package has been made available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network
(CRAN). I have enjoyed collaborating with <a
href="https://reneheim.github.io/">Rene Heim</a>, <a
href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5375-2420">Nathan Okole</a>, <a
href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Facundo-Ispizua-Yamati">Facundo
Ispizua</a>, and <a
href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anne-Katrin-Mahlein">Anne-Katrin
Mahlein</a> to produce this work as a foundation for further
collaboration and development of which I am looking forward to.</p>
<p>The <code>cercopoRa</code> package is designed to facilitate the
integration of remote sensing data into epidemiological models. Its
development builds on the research efforts of our team and aims to
improve the automation and accuracy of these models.</p>
<p>We invite researchers and practitioners interested in remote sensing
and epidemiology to explore <code>cercopoRa</code>’s capabilities lodge
issues for discussion and make pull requests to the <a
href="https://github.com/PaulMelloy/cercospoRa/">Github repository</a>
to further this project.</p>
<p>You can install the package from CRAN in R with the
<code>install.packages()</code> function</p>
<pre class="r"><code>install.packages("cercospoRa")</code></pre>
<p>Access the documentation and tutorials from the pkgdown site <a
href="https://paulmelloy.com.au/cercospoRa/"
class="uri">https://paulmelloy.com.au/cercospoRa/</a>.</p>
<p><br></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="llms-for-decision-support" class="section level3">
<h3>LLMs for Decision Support</h3>
<div id="december-2024-1" class="section level4">
<h4>December 2024</h4>
<p>Congratulations to <a
href="https://people.csiro.au/d/s/sandeep-dhakal">Dr Sandeep Dhakal</a>
and <a href="https://people.csiro.au/P/H/Hazel-Parry.aspx">Dr Hazel
Parry</a> for their recent publication in <a
href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-04059-w">Nature
Correspondance, <em>“Large language models can help to translate science
into real-world impact”</em></a>.</p>
<p>Many academics are hesitant to embrace the Large Language Model
revolution, however the genie can no longer be put back in the lamp and
it is integrating itself in our day-to-day life. What this technology
does well translate complex ideas and language to a somewhat succinct
summaries that are more readable. This is what we as scientists are
rather terrible at, communicating complex ideas to the wider public, and
we could gain a lot by using LLMs to enable this. The latest models have
come a long way and even though it is probably for the LLM to include
mistakes, we as scientists should be involved in the testing to ensure
improved accuracy.</p>
<p><br></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="plantseg" class="section level3">
<h3>PlantSeg</h3>
<div id="november-2024" class="section level4">
<h4>November 2024</h4>
<div
id="a-large-scale-in-the-wild-dataset-for-plant-disease-segmentation"
class="section level5">
<h5>A Large-Scale In-the-wild Dataset for Plant Disease
Segmentation</h5>
<p>While at UQ I collaborated with Computer Scientists Tianqi Wei, Zi
Huang and Xin Yu from the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science at UQ to develop a deep-learning segmentation model to identify
and label RGB (Red Green Blue) plant diseases images. This work attempts
to provide methods to identify diseases leaf area in images in the
field, eliminating the need for destructive sampling and a plain
background for contrast.</p>
<p>I provided assistance in labelling some of the images, identifying
source images, and writing the paper. This is an exciting step towards
automation and quantifying disease severity in the field.</p>
<p>You can read the full pre-print in <a
href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.04038">arXiv</a>, view the code in <a
href="https://github.com/tqwei05/PlantSeg">GitHub</a> and obtain the
image database in <a
href="https://zenodo.org/records/13958858">Zenodo.</a></p>
<p><br></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="ausmac-conference" class="section level3">
<h3>AusMac Conference</h3>
<div id="october-2024" class="section level4">
<h4>30 - 31 October 2024</h4>
<p>The Pest READI project I’m working on focuses on horticultural
industries in the Northern Rivers area of Northern New South Wales. This
region has been severely impacted by recent disruptions, including <a
href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-03-31/floods-lismore-byron-bay-northern-rivers-why-come-in-clusters/100954926">the
2022 floods</a> and the <a
href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/backstory/2023-09-26/abc-emergency-black-summer-upcoming-bushfire-season/102871620">black
summer bushfires in 2020</a>. The Pest READI team is conducting research
on how this resilient community implements integrated pest management
practices and collaborates with them to design tools that enhance
preparedness and resilience for future changes.</p>
<p>The Northern Rivers region is home to significant horticultural
industries, including macadamias, which are one of the largest in the
area. Alongside avocados, these crops contribute significantly to the
local economy. The conference, which brings together industry
professionals, growers, and agronomists, featured a wide range of
topics.</p>
<p>This year’s event highlighted several key areas of focus.
<strong>Machinery and automation</strong> were well-represented, with
many attendees seeking solutions to reduce labor costs in the face of
high demand for workers. However, the investment required to adopt new
machinery was a significant consideration for farm businesses.</p>
<p>The conference also explored the importance of macadamia markets,
which have faced challenges from competitors in South Africa and China.
<strong>Spatial models</strong>, presented by <a
href="https://www.une.edu.au/staff-profiles/science-and-technology/andy-clark">Andy
Clark from UNE</a>, demonstrated how earth observation can be used to
identify and map tree crops. These models also highlighted the potential
for improved weather warning systems and monitoring of seasonal
phenology.</p>
<p>The <strong>Trade displays</strong> offered a wealth of information
on novel AgTech products targeting agricultural and horticultural
production. Farm management platforms, such as <a
href="https://www.informag.com.au/">InformAg</a> and <a
href="https://fieldin.com/">FieldIn</a>, were showcased as tools to
organize farm tasks and improve record-keeping for compliance.</p>
<p>The importance of pollination was emphasized in several talks and at
related stalls. <a href="https://www.beehero.io/">Bee Hero</a> presented
acoustic monitoring technology to understand bee activity, while <a
href="https://www.wheenbeefoundation.org.au/">Wheen Bee</a> offered
grants for planting insect-friendly habitats. <a
href="https://www.biologicalservices.com.au/">Biological Services</a>
supplied beneficial insects to suppress pests.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a
href="https://research.csiro.au/pestreadi/pest-readi-team-at-ausmac-2024/">Read
more about our round-up on our Pest READI website</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p><br></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="uq-agronomy-dst-workshop" class="section level3">
<h3>UQ Agronomy DST workshop</h3>
<div id="october-2024-1" class="section level4">
<h4>10 October 2024</h4>
<p>A workshop to introduce the benefits of consulting decision support
tools (DSTs) in Agriculture.<br />
<a href="https://paulmelloy.github.io/DST_Workshop.html">Class
resources</a></p>
<p><br></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="grdc-soil-borne-disease-workshop" class="section level3">
<h3>GRDC Soil-borne disease workshop</h3>
<div id="august-2024" class="section level4">
<h4>August 2024</h4>
<p>Early this month I visited Sydney to talk at the GRDC soil-borne
diseases workshop. There were some interesting discussions about the
complexity to manage soil and stubble borne diseases in grain crops. A
primary concern was, despite heroic efforts by our Aussie plant
pathologists, that past research was not easily able to translate to
measurable impact.<br />
Additionally growers are not aware of the increasing chronic disease
impact as a result of increased stubble retention and zero till farming
in Australia.</p>
<p>Overwhelmingly there seems to be strong support for digital tools to
help translate research to impact and simplify disease management
options with decision support tools. However, will the rest of the GRDC
research managers and regional panels agree???</p>
<p>Thank you to <a href="https://www.colere.com.au/">Colare</a> group
for the invitation to talk.</p>
<p><br></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="new-job-at-csiro" class="section level3">
<h3>New job at CSIRO!!!</h3>
<div id="july-2024" class="section level4">
<h4>July 2024</h4>
<p>I am super excited to start a new role back with CSIRO as a Senior
Research Scientist. I will be working in a wider capacity on insect
pests and diseases, engaging with the horticultural industry and
agri-tech platforms to integrate spatial models as decision support
tools.</p>
<p>I am working in the <a
href="https://research.csiro.au/agroecology/">agroecology team</a> with
the <a href="https://research.csiro.au/pestreadi/">Pest READI</a> and
the <a
href="https://research.csiro.au/agroecology/canola-allies/">canola
allies</a> project.</p>
<p><strong>Update:</strong> <a
href="https://research.csiro.au/agroecology/meet-our-new-team-members/">A
short blog post</a> on myself and <a
href="https://people.csiro.au/t/j/jessa-thurman">Jessa Thurnman</a>,
starting with the agroecology team at CSIRO.</p>
<p><br></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="australian-sports-turf-managers-association-conference"
class="section level3">
<h3>Australian Sports Turf Managers Association Conference</h3>
<div id="june-2024" class="section level4">
<h4>June 2024</h4>
<p>What a treat giving a presentation on ERI diseases to a packed room
at the ASTMA Conference in Brisbane.</p>
<center>
<div class="float">
<img src="files/img/2406_ASTMA_confference_ERI.jpg"
style="width:60.0%" alt="Giving a presentation on ERI" />
<div class="figcaption">Giving a presentation on ERI</div>
</div>
</center>
<p><br><br />
<br></p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="weatheroz-api-client-for-weather-and-climate-data-in-r"
class="section level3">
<h3>weatherOz: API client for weather and climate data in R</h3>
<div id="june-2024-1" class="section level4">
<h4>June 2024</h4>
<p>Congratulations to <a
href="https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/rodrigo-pires">Dr Rodrigo Pires</a>
and <a href="https://www.ccdm.com.au/people/adam-sparks/">Prof. Adam
Sparks</a> with this latest publication of which I am a co-author.<br />
<a href="https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.06717">weatherOz:
An API Client for Australian Weather and Climate Data Resources in R.
(2024) Journal of Open Source Software, 9(98), 6717,
https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.06717</a></p>
<p><br></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="th-international-epidemiology-workshop" class="section level3">
<h3><a href="https://iew13.netlify.app/">13th International Epidemiology
Workshop</a></h3>
<div id="april-2024" class="section level4">
<h4>April 2024</h4>
<p>What a fantastic workshop hosted by the <a
href="https://sbfitopatologia.org.br/">Socidedade Brasileira de
Gitopatologia</a> (Brazilian Phytopathological Society). The workshop
took place in Iguasu and was a great opportunity to meet plant
epidemiologists from around the world.<br />
I was able to speak on the first day of the workshop introducing the
idea that farmers might not be interested in JAFAs (Just another F___
<em>?fone?</em> App) and that using APIs to serve decision support tools
to farm management software could reach more stake-holders.<br />
I will look forward to the next workshop and seeing many of the same
good folk and new friends.</p>
<center>
<div class="float">
<img src="files/img/240409_IEW.jpg" style="width:60.0%"
alt="Presenting at the International Epidemiology Workshop in Brazil" />
<div class="figcaption">Presenting at the International Epidemiology
Workshop in Brazil</div>
</div>
</center>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="grdc-updates---goondiwindi-and-dubbo" class="section level3">
<h3>GRDC updates - Goondiwindi and Dubbo</h3>
<div id="februarymarch-2024" class="section level4">
<h4>February/March 2024</h4>
<p>I presented a talk at “Efficiently limiting yield loss from
net-blotch in barley – a meta-analysis” at the GRDC updates in
Goondiwindi and Dubbo. This described the results of a meta-analysis of
fungicide trials across Australia to determine the best fungicide timing
to maximise yield protection.</p>
<p>Read about the results in the <a
href="https://grdc.com.au/resources-and-publications/grdc-update-papers/tab-content/grdc-update-papers/2024/02/efficiently-limiting-yield-loss-from-net-blotch-in-barley-a-meta-analysis">GRDC
GroundCover article</a>.</p>
<center>
<div class="float">
<img src="files/img/2403_GRDCupdates_netblotch.jpg" style="width:60.0%"
alt="Presenting the findings from a meta-analysis of netblotch trials in barley at the Goodiwindi GRDC updates on 5th of March" />
<div class="figcaption">Presenting the findings from a meta-analysis of
netblotch trials in barley at the Goodiwindi GRDC updates on 5th of
March</div>
</div>
</center>
<p><br></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="extract-from-nested-lists-in-r" class="section level3">
<h3><code>Extract</code> from nested lists in R</h3>
<div id="november-2023" class="section level4">
<h4>November 2023</h4>
<p><code>Extract</code>ing from lists and nested lists using the “[[”
function is always a bit of syntax I forget and can never seem to google
the answer to easily. So I post it here for myself to easily reference
in the future. <em>Edit - more information can be obtained from</em>
<code>?Extract</code>.</p>
<p>Wearing my programming and data-science hats, lists can be a
extremely useful way to store and organise data. This is especially true
for epidemiological model outputs. Yet newcomers will find lists can be
difficult to understand and find it even more difficult to easily
retrieve data from especially for nested lists. This is a short-hand way
to easily retrieve the same element within a nested list.</p>
<p>First lets create a nested list.</p>
<pre class="r"><code># set random seed for reproducibility
set.seed(28)
nested_list <- lapply(1:3, function(x) {
return(list(
capitals = sample(LETTERS),
smallcaps = sample(letters),
numbers = sample(1:50)
))
})
#head(nested_list)</code></pre>
<p>Here we have created a list with a length of 3 with three lists
nested inside each list with names “capitals”, “smallcaps” and
“numbers”.</p>
<p>Frequently we only want to pull all of one nested list. To do this we
use two opening square brackets <code>"[["</code> as the function,
followed by the name of the list.</p>
<pre class="r"><code>lapply(nested_list,"[[", "capitals")</code></pre>
<pre><code>## [[1]]
## [1] "Q" "Z" "I" "Y" "B" "N" "K" "A" "H" "C" "S" "W" "L" "X" "O" "G" "M" "T" "J"
## [20] "F"
## [ reached getOption("max.print") -- omitted 6 entries ]
##
## [[2]]
## [1] "E" "H" "Z" "B" "F" "J" "N" "V" "W" "C" "O" "P" "U" "Y" "I" "Q" "K" "G" "D"
## [20] "T"
## [ reached getOption("max.print") -- omitted 6 entries ]
##
## [[3]]
## [1] "M" "T" "C" "K" "S" "B" "Y" "W" "Z" "R" "I" "H" "G" "A" "V" "P" "X" "U" "O"
## [20] "J"
## [ reached getOption("max.print") -- omitted 6 entries ]</code></pre>
<p>This also works by indicating the integer of the nested list i.e
<code>lapply(list1,"[[", 2)</code>. <br><br />
<br></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="onprime" class="section level3">
<h3>OnPrime</h3>
<div id="november-2023-1" class="section level4">
<h4>November 2023</h4>
<p>Through October and November I had the opportunity to develop my
industry engagement skills. The OnPrime program run by CSIRO provides
researchers with coaching on how to improve their engagement with
industry and ensure improved outcomes for researchers and industry
investors. This program taught me how to develop a research project that
is tailored to the needs of industry to ensure research gains are
focused on what is novel and needed.</p>
<p>Our team researched the opportunity for developing a turf breeding
program to support the turf industry.</p>
<p>I was surprised on the importance of turf in our culture, society and
economy. We learned it can cost approximately $700k to import new
varieties to Australia from the US. These varieties may not even be
suitable for Australia’s varied and harsh climate.<br />
Sporting turf surfaces are at capacity, and with the rise in women’s
sport, demand is still growing placing a lot of pressure on sporting
surfaces. We could save sporting clubs money by developing a wear
tolerant grass which reduces the chance of cancelled games. In addition
a more tolerant turf for stadiums might increase the opportunity for
more frequent games, concerts and events. Boosting revenue for the
stadiums, local businesses and tourism.</p>
<p><a href="https://paulmelloy.com.au/OnprimeContact.html">Contact our
team for more infomation about this project</a></p>
<center>
<div class="float">
<img src="files/img/20231115_OnPrimeTeam.jpg" style="width:60.0%"
alt="The Performance sports turf team: Dr Paul Melloy, Dr Bradley Campbell and Catherine Sweeney" />
<div class="figcaption">The Performance sports turf team: Dr Paul
Melloy, Dr Bradley Campbell and Catherine Sweeney</div>
</div>
</center>
<p><br></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="international-conference-of-plant-pathology-icpp"
class="section level3">
<h3>International Conference of Plant Pathology (ICPP)</h3>
<div id="august-2023" class="section level4">
<h4>August 2023</h4>
It was a long time coming but this was my first International conference
overseas. The <a href="https://www.icpp2023.org/">ICPP was held in
Lyon</a> and it was a scorcher! The city was experiencing a heat wave
which placed a topical spin on the conference and how to manage plant
diseases in a future experiencing the effects of climate change.<br />
<center>
<div class="float">
<img src="files/img/20230820_LyonICPP.jpg" style="width:43.5%"
alt="Centre de Congrès de Lyon" />
<div class="figcaption">Centre de Congrès de Lyon</div>
</div>
</center>
<p>The highlight for me was the <a
href="https://www.icpp2023.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/Abstract_book_wtitpage_v8.7_030823_0.pdf">episense
satellite meeting</a> held on the preceding weekend. The
air-conditioning could barely cope with the temperatures outside and
despite the amazing talks, my attention could not help to wander to the
Rhone river visable through the window behind the speakers.</p>
<p>The attendees of the Episense satellite meeting were genuinely good
company and not only provided stimulating phytopathological discussions,
but also extended a collaborative effort into robust research of the
Lyonnaise cultural pursuits.<br />
<img src="files/img/20230819_EpisenseSatelitteMeeting.jpg"
style="width:43.5%"
alt="Episense satelite meeting with the Rhone river in the background" />
<img src="files/img/20230822_episenseResearchers.jpg"
style="width:43.5%"
alt="Episense colleagues sampling Lyonnaise culture" /></p>
<p>The conference was well attended by Aussies with the close of the
meeting providing an opportunity to reflect on the conference insights
and how they could be applied in Australia. <img
src="files/img/20230825_AussiesInLyon.jpg"
alt="A small Aussie contingent" /></p>
<p><br></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="uq-agri-food-innovation-alliance-grant" class="section level3">
<h3>UQ Agri-Food Innovation Alliance grant</h3>
<div id="may-2023" class="section level4">
<h4>May 2023</h4>
<p>A quick visit to <a
href="https://www.cauldrondistillery.com.au/">Cauldron Distillery and
Winery</a> to take soil and leaf samples for the UQ Industry
Kick-starter project.</p>
<center>
<p>While it was late in the season and the vines entering dormancy, we
found, (Left) possible phosphorus deficiency in the ferrosol soils, and
(Right) Possible downy mildew.</p>
<p><img src="files/img/Possible_phos_deficient.jpg" style="width:43.5%"
alt="Possible phosphorus deficiency in the ferrosol soils" /> <img
src="files/img/possible_DownyMildew.jpg" style="width:55.0%"