Class 15 - Webscraping/class15_web_scraping.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "674ac2a7",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# We'll start at 2:05ish PM \n",
    "\n",
    "Waiting for others to join the call :)\n",
    "\n",
    "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ON_aQB986oc&ab_channel=HerenciaDeTimbiqui"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "843e46f7",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "<center><img src='img/cdy.png' style='width:500px; float: left; margin: 0px 30px 15px 0px'></center>\n",
    "\n",
    "# Web Scraping\n",
    "## Class 15 - Data Science Curriculum \n",
    "\n",
    "<br>\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Women Building Change scholarship program 2023 🇧🇮\n",
    "April 10, 2023\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "48500da2",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# ⏪ Recap last class\n",
    "\n",
    "- data science pipeline\n",
    "- how to read: .csv, .txt, .json"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "82476939",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 🚀 Today's agenda\n",
    "\n",
    "- open source data\n",
    "- webscraping with beautiful soup"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d7c97442",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Google Colab: https://colab.research.google.com/\n",
    "\n",
    "<br>\n",
    "<center><img src='img/girl_coding.jpg' style='height:350px; float: center; margin: 0px 30px 15px 0px'></center>\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "89f5697d",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Roadmap: Life of a ML model\n",
    "\n",
    "<br>\n",
    "<center>\n",
    "<img src='img/pipeline.png' style='height:500px;'>\n",
    "</center>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0b52be3a",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 👷🏽‍♀️ Where to get data?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "825ff190",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Open source data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "f70af914",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Open data repositories:\n",
    "\n",
    "- OpenML.org (https://openml.org)\n",
    "- Kaggle.com (https://kaggle.com/datasets)\n",
    "- PapersWithCode.com (https://paperswithcode.com/datasets)\n",
    "- UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository (https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml)\n",
    "- Amazon's AWS datasets (https://registry.opendata.aws)\n",
    "- TensorFlow datasets (https://tensorflow.org/datasets)\n",
    "- Google's data search engine: (https://datasetsearch.research.google.com/)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d26944df",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Meta portals and other pages listing datasets:\n",
    "\n",
    "- DataPortals.org (https://dataportals.org/)\n",
    "- OpenDataMonitor.eu (https://opendatamonitor.eu/frontend/web/index.php?r=dashboard%2Findex)\n",
    "- Wikipedia's list of machine learning datasets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_datasets_for_machine-learning_research)\n",
    "- Quora's list (https://www.quora.com/Where-can-I-find-large-datasets-open-to-the-public)\n",
    "- Reddit's dataset (https://www.reddit.com/r/datasets)\n",
    "- GitHub * (https://github.com/)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a59478aa",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Location specific:\n",
    "\n",
    "- San Francisco Open Data (https://datasf.org/opendata/)\n",
    "- NYC Open Data (https://opendata.cityofnewyork.us/)\n",
    "- Datos Abiertos Colombia: https://www.datos.gov.co/\n",
    "- Datos Abiertos Bogotá: https://datosabiertos.bogota.gov.co/about"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "3c0914e5",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Location specific:\n",
    "\n",
    "- Burundi Open Data for Africa: https://burundi.opendataforafrica.org/\n",
    "- IWACU Open Data Burundi: https://iwacu-burundi.org/opendata/en/\n",
    "- Africa Open Data: https://africaopendata.org/group/burundi\n",
    "- World Bank Data Burundi: https://donnees.banquemondiale.org/pays/burundi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c3fc5016",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 👷🏽‍♀️ Other ways of getting data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ad0fa7b4",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- Request your own data: Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp, etc.\n",
    "- Use APIs (Application Programming Interface)\n",
    "- Web scraping\n",
    "    - BeautifulSoup: Library for parsing HTML and XML documents\n",
    "    - Selenium: Web browser automation tool"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c5b3ce6b",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# ❇️ Web scraping with Beautiful Soup"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "f9155b1a",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Web scraping\n",
    "\n",
    "- Extract data from web pages, usually HTML\n",
    "- ⚠️ Read web page usage rules and/or rotate proxies, simulate human behavior\n",
    "- Another way to do more sophisticated scraping is with Selenium. More info [here](https://www.scrapingbee.com/blog/selenium-python/).\n",
    "- Today we are going to use BeautifulSoup `pip install beautifulsoup4`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "2501ca21",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Requirement already satisfied: beautifulsoup4 in /Users/vivianamarquez/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (4.11.1)\r\n",
      "Requirement already satisfied: soupsieve>1.2 in /Users/vivianamarquez/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from beautifulsoup4) (2.3.1)\r\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "! pip install beautifulsoup4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "81458a55",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Quick HTML review \n",
    "\n",
    "An HTML document has tags which allow to differentiate the parts of the file.\n",
    "\n",
    "The most common/useful are:\n",
    "\n",
    "- `<div>` Page division\n",
    "- `<p>` Paragraph\n",
    "- `<a href>` Links\n",
    "- `<b>`, `<i>` ... Font formatting"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "f3ffb679",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Parts of an HTML tag\n",
    "<br>\n",
    "<center>\n",
    "<img src='img/html-element.png' style='height:300px;'>\n",
    "</center>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "14e1fb9c",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Exercise \n",
    "\n",
    "Please name the parts of the following HTML tag\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# `<a href=\"http://www.google.com/\" id=\"search\">Google</a>`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c90ef344",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Requests & Beautiful Soup\n",
    "\n",
    "- **Requests** allows you to download webpages using Python\n",
    "- **Beautiful Soup** allows you to parse the contents of a webpage \n",
    "\n",
    "    - `find()`: Returns the first tag\n",
    "    - `find_all()`: Returns all tags\n",
    "    - `children`: List of the nested tags \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ab4d2a1d",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## See you in 5 minutes! @3:00 PM"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ffc8f909",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Let's code! \n",
    "\n",
    "<br>\n",
    "<center><img src='img/excited.gif' style='height:200px; float: center; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px'></center>\n",
    "<br>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "94ca5ec8",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import urllib.request"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "2e14d5d0",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "link = 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "60879b54",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "request = urllib.request.Request(link, headers={'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'})\n",
    "webpage = urllib.request.urlopen(request)\n",
    "source = webpage.read()\n",
    "webpage.close()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "d7bdac34",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "b'<!DOCTYPE html>\\n<html class=\"client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-language-alert-in-sidebar-enabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-enabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-enabled vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-enabled vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\\n<head>\\n<meta charset=\"UTF-8\"/>\\n<title>Burundi - Wikipedia</title>\\n<script>document.documentElement.className=\"client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-language-alert-in-sidebar-enabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-enabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-enabled vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-enabled vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled\";(function(){var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientprefs=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){var featureName=cookie[1];document.documentElement.className=document.documentElement.className.replace(featureName+\\'-enabled\\',featureName+\\'-disabled\\');}}());RLCONF={\"wgBreakFrames\":false,\"wgSeparatorTransformTable\":[\"\",\"\"],\"wgDigitTransformTable\":[\"\",\"\"],\"wgDefaultDateFormat\":\"dmy\",\"wgMonthNames\":[\"\",\"January\",\"February\",\"March\",\"April\",\"May\",\"June\",\"July\",\"August\",\"September\",\"October\",\"November\",\"December\"],\"wgRequestId\":\\n\"4c9cd36a-fea3-45a3-b2d3-83acc9967ba8\",\"wgCSPNonce\":false,\"wgCanonicalNamespace\":\"\",\"wgCanonicalSpecialPageName\":false,\"wgNamespaceNumber\":0,\"wgPageName\":\"Burundi\",\"wgTitle\":\"Burundi\",\"wgCurRevisionId\":1147699092,\"wgRevisionId\":1147699092,\"wgArticleId\":21490998,\"wgIsArticle\":true,\"wgIsRedirect\":false,\"wgAction\":\"view\",\"wgUserName\":null,\"wgUserGroups\":[\"*\"],\"wgCategories\":[\"CS1 French-language sources (fr)\",\"CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\",\"Webarchive template wayback links\",\"CS1 maint: uses authors parameter\",\"Articles with short description\",\"Short description is different from Wikidata\",\"Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages\",\"EngvarB from December 2019\",\"Use dmy dates from December 2019\",\"Articles containing Kirundi-language text\",\"Articles containing French-language text\",\"Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text\",\"Articles with hAudio microformats\",\"Pages including recorded pronunciations\",\\n\"Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005\",\"All articles containing potentially dated statements\",\"All articles with unsourced statements\",\"Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013\",\"Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023\",\"Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008\",\"Articles needing additional references from March 2018\",\"All articles needing additional references\",\"Wikipedia articles in need of updating from March 2018\",\"All Wikipedia articles in need of updating\",\"Articles with multiple maintenance issues\",\"Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021\",\"Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004\",\"Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2010\",\"Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012\",\"Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2018\",\"Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata\",\"Pages using Sister project links with default search\",\\n\"Articles with French-language sources (fr)\",\"Articles with Curlie links\",\"Articles with FAST identifiers\",\"Articles with ISNI identifiers\",\"Articles with VIAF identifiers\",\"Articles with WorldCat identifiers\",\"Articles with BNE identifiers\",\"Articles with BNF identifiers\",\"Articles with BNFdata identifiers\",\"Articles with GND identifiers\",\"Articles with J9U identifiers\",\"Articles with LCCN identifiers\",\"Articles with Libris identifiers\",\"Articles with NDL identifiers\",\"Articles with NKC identifiers\",\"Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers\",\"Articles with EMU identifiers\",\"Articles with HDS identifiers\",\"Articles with NARA identifiers\",\"Articles with SUDOC identifiers\",\"Coordinates on Wikidata\",\"Burundi\",\"Central African countries\",\"East African countries\",\"English-speaking countries and territories\",\"French-speaking countries and territories\",\"Landlocked countries\",\"Least developed countries\",\"Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie\",\\n\"Member states of the African Union\",\"Member states of the United Nations\",\"Republics\",\"States and territories established in 1962\",\"Swahili-speaking countries and territories\",\"1962 establishments in Burundi\",\"Countries in Africa\",\"Former monarchies\"],\"wgPageContentLanguage\":\"en\",\"wgPageContentModel\":\"wikitext\",\"wgRelevantPageName\":\"Burundi\",\"wgRelevantArticleId\":21490998,\"wgIsProbablyEditable\":true,\"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable\":true,\"wgRestrictionEdit\":[],\"wgRestrictionMove\":[\"sysop\"],\"wgFlaggedRevsParams\":{\"tags\":{\"status\":{\"levels\":1}}},\"wgVisualEditor\":{\"pageLanguageCode\":\"en\",\"pageLanguageDir\":\"ltr\",\"pageVariantFallbacks\":\"en\"},\"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions\":{\"search\":true,\"watchlist\":true,\"tagline\":false,\"nearby\":true},\"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample\":false,\"wgWMEPageLength\":100000,\"wgNoticeProject\":\"wikipedia\",\"wgVector2022PreviewPages\":[],\"wgMediaViewerOnClick\":true,\"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault\":true,\"wgPopupsFlags\":10,\"wgULSCurrentAutonym\":\"English\",\\n\"wgCoordinates\":{\"lat\":-3.5,\"lon\":30},\"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish\":true,\"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain\":false,\"wgULSPosition\":\"interlanguage\",\"wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled\":true,\"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty\":false,\"wgWikibaseItemId\":\"Q967\",\"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics\":true,\"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled\":false,\"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled\":false,\"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser\":false};RLSTATE={\"skins.vector.user.styles\":\"ready\",\"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles\":\"ready\",\"site.styles\":\"ready\",\"user.styles\":\"ready\",\"skins.vector.user\":\"ready\",\"ext.globalCssJs.user\":\"ready\",\"user\":\"ready\",\"user.options\":\"loading\",\"ext.cite.styles\":\"ready\",\"ext.tmh.player.styles\":\"ready\",\"mediawiki.ui.button\":\"ready\",\"skins.vector.styles\":\"ready\",\"skins.vector.icons\":\"ready\",\"mediawiki.ui.icon\":\"ready\",\"jquery.tablesorter.styles\":\"ready\",\"jquery.makeCollapsible.styles\":\"ready\",\"ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript\":\"ready\",\"ext.wikimediaBadges\":\"ready\",\"ext.uls.interlanguage\"\\n:\"ready\",\"wikibase.client.init\":\"ready\"};RLPAGEMODULES=[\"ext.cite.ux-enhancements\",\"ext.tmh.player\",\"site\",\"mediawiki.page.ready\",\"jquery.tablesorter\",\"jquery.makeCollapsible\",\"mediawiki.toc\",\"skins.vector.js\",\"skins.vector.es6\",\"mmv.head\",\"mmv.bootstrap.autostart\",\"ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init\",\"ext.visualEditor.targetLoader\",\"ext.eventLogging\",\"ext.wikimediaEvents\",\"ext.navigationTiming\",\"ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns\",\"ext.centralNotice.geoIP\",\"ext.centralNotice.startUp\",\"ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips\",\"ext.gadget.charinsert\",\"ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons\",\"ext.gadget.switcher\",\"ext.centralauth.centralautologin\",\"ext.popups\",\"ext.echo.centralauth\",\"ext.uls.compactlinks\",\"ext.uls.interface\",\"ext.cx.uls.quick.actions\",\"wikibase.client.vector-2022\",\"ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession\"];</script>\\n<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement(\"user.options@12s5i\",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({\"patrolToken\":\"+\\\\\\\\\",\"watchToken\":\"+\\\\\\\\\",\"csrfToken\":\"+\\\\\\\\\"});});});</script>\\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.ui.button%2Cicon%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022\"/>\\n<script async=\"\" src=\"/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022\"></script>\\n<meta name=\"ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles\" content=\"\"/>\\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022\"/>\\n<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"MediaWiki 1.41.0-wmf.2\"/>\\n<meta name=\"referrer\" content=\"origin\"/>\\n<meta name=\"referrer\" content=\"origin-when-crossorigin\"/>\\n<meta name=\"referrer\" content=\"origin-when-cross-origin\"/>\\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:standard\"/>\\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no\"/>\\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png\"/>\\n<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\"/>\\n<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\"/>\\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/800px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png\"/>\\n<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\"/>\\n<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"480\"/>\\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/640px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png\"/>\\n<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\"/>\\n<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"384\"/>\\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=1000\"/>\\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Burundi - Wikipedia\"/>\\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"website\"/>\\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"//upload.wikimedia.org\"/>\\n<link rel=\"alternate\" media=\"only screen and (max-width: 720px)\" href=\"//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\"/>\\n<link rel=\"alternate\" type=\"application/x-wiki\" title=\"Edit this page\" href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit\"/>\\n<link rel=\"apple-touch-icon\" href=\"/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png\"/>\\n<link rel=\"icon\" href=\"/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico\"/>\\n<link rel=\"search\" type=\"application/opensearchdescription+xml\" href=\"/w/opensearch_desc.php\" title=\"Wikipedia (en)\"/>\\n<link rel=\"EditURI\" type=\"application/rsd+xml\" href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd\"/>\\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\"/>\\n<link rel=\"license\" href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/\"/>\\n<link rel=\"alternate\" type=\"application/atom+xml\" title=\"Wikipedia Atom feed\" href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom\"/>\\n<link rel=\"dns-prefetch\" href=\"//meta.wikimedia.org\" />\\n<link rel=\"dns-prefetch\" href=\"//login.wikimedia.org\"/>\\n</head>\\n<body class=\"skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Burundi rootpage-Burundi skin-vector-2022 action-view\"><div class=\"mw-page-container\">\\n\\t<a class=\"mw-jump-link\" href=\"#bodyContent\">Jump to content</a>\\n\\t<div class=\"mw-page-container-inner\">\\n\\t\\t<input\\n\\t\\t\\ttype=\"checkbox\"\\n\\t\\t\\tid=\"mw-sidebar-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"mw-checkbox-hack-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\t\\t>\\n\\t\\t<header class=\"mw-header\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-header-start\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<nav class=\"vector-main-menu-landmark\" aria-label=\"Site\" role=\"navigation\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n<div id=\"vector-main-menu-dropdown\" class=\"vector-menu vector-dropdown vector-menu-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown mw-ui-icon-flush-left mw-ui-icon-flush-right\"  >\\n\\t<input type=\"checkbox\"\\n\\t\\tid=\"vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\trole=\"button\"\\n\\t\\taria-haspopup=\"true\"\\n\\t\\tdata-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-menu-checkbox \"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\taria-label=\"Main menu\"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t/>\\n\\t<label\\n\\t\\tid=\"vector-main-menu-dropdown-label\"\\n\\t\\tfor=\"vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-menu-heading mw-checkbox-hack-button mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet mw-ui-icon-element \"\\n\\t\\taria-hidden=\"true\"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t>\\n\\t\\t<span class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu\"></span>\\n\\n\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-menu-heading-label\">Main menu</span>\\n\\t</label>\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content vector-dropdown-content\">\\n\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"vector-main-menu-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\\n\\t\\t\\n<div id=\"vector-main-menu\" class=\"vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element\">\\n\\t<div\\n\\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned\"\\n\\tdata-feature-name=\"main-menu-pinned\"\\n\\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-main-menu\"\\n\\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-main-menu-pinned-container\"\\n\\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-main-menu-unpinned-container\"\\n>\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Main menu</div>\\n\\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin\">move to sidebar</button>\\n\\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin\">hide</button>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\n\\t\\n<div id=\"p-navigation\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation\"  >\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\\n\\t\\tNavigation\\n\\t</div>\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li id=\"n-mainpage-description\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Main_Page\" title=\"Visit the main page [z]\" accesskey=\"z\"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id=\"n-contents\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents\" title=\"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id=\"n-currentevents\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portal:Current_events\" title=\"Articles related to current events\"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id=\"n-randompage\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:Random\" title=\"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\" accesskey=\"x\"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id=\"n-aboutsite\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:About\" title=\"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id=\"n-contactpage\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us\" title=\"How to contact Wikipedia\"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id=\"n-sitesupport\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en\" title=\"Support us by donating to the Wikimedia Foundation\"><span>Donate</span></a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\t\\n\\t\\n<div id=\"p-interaction\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction\"  >\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\\n\\t\\tContribute\\n\\t</div>\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li id=\"n-help\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Help:Contents\" title=\"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id=\"n-introduction\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Help:Introduction\" title=\"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id=\"n-portal\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal\" title=\"The hub for editors\"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id=\"n-recentchanges\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:RecentChanges\" title=\"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\" accesskey=\"r\"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id=\"n-upload\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard\" title=\"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\"><span>Upload file</span></a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\t\\n<div class=\"vector-main-menu-action vector-main-menu-action-lang-alert\">\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-main-menu-action-item\">\\n\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-main-menu-action-heading vector-menu-heading\">Languages</div>\\n\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-main-menu-action-content vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"mw-message-box-notice vector-language-sidebar-alert mw-message-box\">Language links are at the top of the page across from the title.</div>\\n\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n</div>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t</div>\\n\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</nav>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n<a href=\"/wiki/Main_Page\" class=\"mw-logo\">\\n\\t<img class=\"mw-logo-icon\" src=\"/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png\" alt=\"\"\\n\\t\\taria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"50\" width=\"50\">\\n\\t<span class=\"mw-logo-container\">\\n\\t\\t<img class=\"mw-logo-wordmark\" alt=\"Wikipedia\"\\n\\t\\t\\tsrc=\"/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg\" style=\"width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;\">\\n\\t\\t<img class=\"mw-logo-tagline\"\\n\\t\\t\\talt=\"The Free Encyclopedia\"\\n\\t\\t\\tsrc=\"/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg\" width=\"117\" height=\"13\" style=\"width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;\">\\n\\t</span>\\n</a>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-header-end\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n<div id=\"p-search\" role=\"search\" class=\"vector-search-box-vue  vector-search-box-collapses  vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box\">\\n\\t<a href=\"/wiki/Special:Search\"\\n\\t\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\ttitle=\"Search Wikipedia [f]\"\\n\\t\\taccesskey=\"f\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search search-toggle\">\\n\\t\\t<span>Search</span>\\n\\t</a>\\n\\t\\n\\t<div>\\n\\t\\t<form action=\"/w/index.php\" id=\"searchform\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-search-box-form\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"simpleSearch\"\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-search-box-inner\"\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t data-search-loc=\"header-moved\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<input class=\"vector-search-box-input\"\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t type=\"search\" name=\"search\" placeholder=\"Search Wikipedia\" aria-label=\"Search Wikipedia\" autocapitalize=\"sentences\" title=\"Search Wikipedia [f]\" accesskey=\"f\" id=\"searchInput\"\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"title\" value=\"Special:Search\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<input id=\"mw-searchButton\"\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t class=\"searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton\" type=\"submit\" name=\"fulltext\" title=\"Search Wikipedia for this text\" value=\"Search\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<input id=\"searchButton\"\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t class=\"searchButton\" type=\"submit\" name=\"go\" title=\"Go to a page with this exact name if it exists\" value=\"Go\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t</form>\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<nav class=\"vector-user-links\" aria-label=\"Personal tools\" role=\"navigation\" >\\n\\t\\n<div id=\"p-vector-user-menu-overflow\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-vector-user-menu-overflow\"  >\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li id=\"pt-createaccount-2\" class=\"user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Burundi\" title=\"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\"><span>Create account</span></a></li><li id=\"pt-login-2\" class=\"user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Burundi\" title=\"You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]\" accesskey=\"o\"><span>Log in</span></a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\t\\n<div id=\"vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-menu vector-dropdown vector-menu-dropdown vector-user-menu mw-ui-icon-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out\"  title=\"Log in and more options\" >\\n\\t<input type=\"checkbox\"\\n\\t\\tid=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\trole=\"button\"\\n\\t\\taria-haspopup=\"true\"\\n\\t\\tdata-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-menu-checkbox \"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\taria-label=\"Personal tools\"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t/>\\n\\t<label\\n\\t\\tid=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-label\"\\n\\t\\tfor=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-menu-heading mw-checkbox-hack-button mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet mw-ui-icon-element \"\\n\\t\\taria-hidden=\"true\"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t>\\n\\t\\t<span class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis\"></span>\\n\\n\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-menu-heading-label\">Personal tools</span>\\n\\t</label>\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content vector-dropdown-content\">\\n\\n\\n\\t\\t\\n<div id=\"p-personal\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item\"  title=\"User menu\" >\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li id=\"pt-createaccount\" class=\"user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Burundi\" title=\"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\"><span class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd\"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id=\"pt-login\" class=\"user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Burundi\" title=\"You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]\" accesskey=\"o\"><span class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn\"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n<div id=\"p-user-menu-anon-editor\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor\"  >\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\\n\\t\\tPages for logged out editors <a href=\"/wiki/Help:Introduction\" aria-label=\"Learn more about editing\"><span>learn more</span></a>\\n\\t</div>\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li id=\"pt-anoncontribs\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:MyContributions\" title=\"A list of edits made from this IP address [y]\" accesskey=\"y\"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id=\"pt-anontalk\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:MyTalk\" title=\"Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]\" accesskey=\"n\"><span>Talk</span></a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n</nav>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t</header>\\n\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-main-menu-container \">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"mw-navigation\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<nav id=\"mw-panel\" class=\"vector-main-menu-landmark\" aria-label=\"Site\" role=\"navigation\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"vector-main-menu-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t</nav>\\n\\t\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-sitenotice-container\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"siteNotice\"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>\\n\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-toc-collapsed-checkbox\" class=\"mw-checkbox-hack-checkbox\">\\n\\t\\t<nav id=\"mw-panel-toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Contents\" data-event-name=\"ui.sidebar-toc\" class=\"mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"vector-toc-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"vector-toc\" class=\"vector-toc vector-pinnable-element\">\\n\\t<div\\n\\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\\n\\tdata-feature-name=\"toc-pinned\"\\n\\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-toc\"\\n\\t\\n\\t\\n>\\n\\t<h2 class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Contents</h2>\\n\\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin\">move to sidebar</button>\\n\\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin\">hide</button>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\n\\t<ul class=\"vector-toc-contents\" id=\"mw-panel-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-mw-content-text\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"vector-toc-link\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">(Top)</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Etymology\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\\n\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Etymology\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1</span>Etymology</div>\\n\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Etymology-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t</li>\\n\\t<li id=\"toc-History\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\\n\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#History\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2</span>History</div>\\n\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-History-sublist\" class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand mw-ui-icon-small vector-toc-toggle\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tToggle History subsection\\n\\t\\t\\t</button>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-History-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Kingdom_of_Burundi\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Kingdom_of_Burundi\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.1</span>Kingdom of Burundi</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Kingdom_of_Burundi-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Rule_by_European_powers\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Rule_by_European_powers\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.2</span>Rule by European powers</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Rule_by_European_powers-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Independence\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Independence\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.3</span>Independence</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Independence-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Civil_war_and_genocides\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Civil_war_and_genocides\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.4</span>Civil war and genocides</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Civil_war_and_genocides-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-First_attempt_at_democracy_and_war_between_Tutsi_National_Army_and_Hutu_population\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#First_attempt_at_democracy_and_war_between_Tutsi_National_Army_and_Hutu_population\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.5</span>First attempt at democracy and war between Tutsi National Army and Hutu population</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-First_attempt_at_democracy_and_war_between_Tutsi_National_Army_and_Hutu_population-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Peace_agreements\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Peace_agreements\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.6</span>Peace agreements</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Peace_agreements-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-UN_involvement\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#UN_involvement\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.7</span>UN involvement</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-UN_involvement-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-2006_to_2018\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#2006_to_2018\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.8</span>2006 to 2018</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-2006_to_2018-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-2015_unrest\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#2015_unrest\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.8.1</span>2015 unrest</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-2015_unrest-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-2018_to_present\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#2018_to_present\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.9</span>2018 to present</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-2018_to_present-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t</ul>\\n\\t</li>\\n\\t<li id=\"toc-Government\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\\n\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Government\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3</span>Government</div>\\n\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Government-sublist\" class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand mw-ui-icon-small vector-toc-toggle\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tToggle Government subsection\\n\\t\\t\\t</button>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Government-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Human_rights\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Human_rights\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3.1</span>Human rights</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Human_rights-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Subdivisions\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Subdivisions\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3.2</span>Subdivisions</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Subdivisions-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t</ul>\\n\\t</li>\\n\\t<li id=\"toc-Geography\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\\n\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Geography\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4</span>Geography</div>\\n\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Geography-sublist\" class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand mw-ui-icon-small vector-toc-toggle\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tToggle Geography subsection\\n\\t\\t\\t</button>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Geography-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Wildlife\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Wildlife\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.1</span>Wildlife</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Wildlife-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t</ul>\\n\\t</li>\\n\\t<li id=\"toc-Economy\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\\n\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Economy\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5</span>Economy</div>\\n\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Economy-sublist\" class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand mw-ui-icon-small vector-toc-toggle\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tToggle Economy subsection\\n\\t\\t\\t</button>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Economy-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Currency\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Currency\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5.1</span>Currency</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Currency-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Transport\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Transport\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5.2</span>Transport</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Transport-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t</ul>\\n\\t</li>\\n\\t<li id=\"toc-Demographics\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\\n\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Demographics\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">6</span>Demographics</div>\\n\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Demographics-sublist\" class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand mw-ui-icon-small vector-toc-toggle\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tToggle Demographics subsection\\n\\t\\t\\t</button>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Demographics-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Religion\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Religion\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">6.1</span>Religion</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Religion-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Health\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Health\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">6.2</span>Health</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Health-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t</ul>\\n\\t</li>\\n\\t<li id=\"toc-Culture\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\\n\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Culture\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">7</span>Culture</div>\\n\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Culture-sublist\" class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand mw-ui-icon-small vector-toc-toggle\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tToggle Culture subsection\\n\\t\\t\\t</button>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Culture-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Media\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Media\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">7.1</span>Media</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Media-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Education\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Education\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">7.2</span>Education</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Education-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"toc-Science_and_technology\"\\n\\t\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Science_and_technology\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">7.3</span>Science and technology</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Science_and_technology-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t</li>\\n\\t</ul>\\n\\t</li>\\n\\t<li id=\"toc-See_also\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\\n\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#See_also\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">8</span>See also</div>\\n\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-See_also-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t</li>\\n\\t<li id=\"toc-Notes\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\\n\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Notes\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">9</span>Notes</div>\\n\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Notes-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t</li>\\n\\t<li id=\"toc-References\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\\n\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#References\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">10</span>References</div>\\n\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-References-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t</li>\\n\\t<li id=\"toc-Bibliography\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\\n\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Bibliography\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">11</span>Bibliography</div>\\n\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Bibliography-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t</li>\\n\\t<li id=\"toc-Further_reading\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\\n\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Further_reading\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">12</span>Further reading</div>\\n\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-Further_reading-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t</li>\\n\\t<li id=\"toc-External_links\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\\n\\t\\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#External_links\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">13</span>External links</div>\\n\\t\\t</a>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul id=\"toc-External_links-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\\n\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t</li>\\n</ul>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t</nav>\\n\\t\\t<div class=\"mw-content-container\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<main id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<label\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tid=\"vector-toc-collapsed-button\"\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tclass=\"mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-flush-left mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet mw-checkbox-hack-button\"\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tfor=\"vector-toc-collapsed-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\trole=\"button\"\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\taria-controls=\"toc-toggle-list\"\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tdata-event-name=\"vector.toc-toggle-list\"\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\ttabindex=\"0\"\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\ttitle=\"Table of Contents\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tToggle the table of contents\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t</label>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<nav role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Contents\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-menu vector-dropdown vector-menu-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc mw-ui-icon-flush-left\"  >\\n\\t<input type=\"checkbox\"\\n\\t\\tid=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\trole=\"button\"\\n\\t\\taria-haspopup=\"true\"\\n\\t\\tdata-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-menu-checkbox \"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\taria-label=\"Toggle the table of contents\"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t/>\\n\\t<label\\n\\t\\tid=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-label\"\\n\\t\\tfor=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-menu-heading mw-checkbox-hack-button mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet mw-ui-icon-element \"\\n\\t\\taria-hidden=\"true\"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t>\\n\\t\\t<span class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet\"></span>\\n\\n\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-menu-heading-label\">Toggle the table of contents</span>\\n\\t</label>\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content vector-dropdown-content\">\\n\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\\n\\t\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t</nav>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading mw-first-heading\"><span class=\"mw-page-title-main\">Burundi</span></h1>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n<div id=\"p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-menu vector-dropdown vector-menu-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang\"  >\\n\\t<input type=\"checkbox\"\\n\\t\\tid=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\trole=\"button\"\\n\\t\\taria-haspopup=\"true\"\\n\\t\\tdata-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-menu-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector\"\\n\\t\\taria-label=\"Go to an article in another language. Available in 240 languages\"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t/>\\n\\t<label\\n\\t\\tid=\"p-lang-btn-label\"\\n\\t\\tfor=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-menu-heading mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet mw-ui-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-240\"\\n\\t\\taria-hidden=\"true\"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t>\\n\\t\\t<span class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive\"></span>\\n\\n\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-menu-heading-label\">240 languages</span>\\n\\t</label>\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content vector-dropdown-content\">\\n\\n\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Achinese\" lang=\"ace\" hreflang=\"ace\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ac\\xc3\\xa8h</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Afrikaans\" lang=\"af\" hreflang=\"af\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Swiss German\" lang=\"gsw\" hreflang=\"gsw\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A1%E1%88%A9%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B2\" title=\"\\xe1\\x89\\xa1\\xe1\\x88\\xa9\\xe1\\x8a\\x95\\xe1\\x8b\\xb2 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Amharic\" lang=\"am\" hreflang=\"am\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe1\\x8a\\xa0\\xe1\\x88\\x9b\\xe1\\x88\\xad\\xe1\\x8a\\x9b</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Inari Sami\" lang=\"smn\" hreflang=\"smn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Anar\\xc3\\xa2\\xc5\\xa1kiel\\xc3\\xa2</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Old English\" lang=\"ang\" hreflang=\"ang\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xc3\\x86nglisc</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Abkhazian\" lang=\"ab\" hreflang=\"ab\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\x90\\xd4\\xa5\\xd1\\x81\\xd1\\x88\\xd3\\x99\\xd0\\xb0</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A\" title=\"\\xd8\\xa8\\xd9\\x88\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x88\\xd9\\x86\\xd8\\xaf\\xd9\\x8a \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Arabic\" lang=\"ar\" hreflang=\"ar\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd8\\xa7\\xd9\\x84\\xd8\\xb9\\xd8\\xb1\\xd8\\xa8\\xd9\\x8a\\xd8\\xa9</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Aragonese\" lang=\"an\" hreflang=\"an\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Aragon\\xc3\\xa9s</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Aromanian\" lang=\"rup\" hreflang=\"rup\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Arm\\xc3\\xa3neashti</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Arpitan\" lang=\"frp\" hreflang=\"frp\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Asturian\" lang=\"ast\" hreflang=\"ast\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vurundi\" title=\"Vurundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Guarani\" lang=\"gn\" hreflang=\"gn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ava\\xc3\\xb1e\\'\\xe1\\xba\\xbd</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Azerbaijani\" lang=\"az\" hreflang=\"az\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Az\\xc9\\x99rbaycanca</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C\" title=\"\\xd8\\xa8\\xd9\\x88\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x88\\xd9\\x86\\xd8\\xaf\\xdb\\x8c \\xe2\\x80\\x93 South Azerbaijani\" lang=\"azb\" hreflang=\"azb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd8\\xaa\\xdb\\x86\\xd8\\xb1\\xda\\xa9\\xd8\\xac\\xd9\\x87</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Balinese\" lang=\"ban\" hreflang=\"ban\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Bambara\" lang=\"bm\" hreflang=\"bm\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF\" title=\"\\xe0\\xa6\\xac\\xe0\\xa7\\x81\\xe0\\xa6\\xb0\\xe0\\xa7\\x81\\xe0\\xa6\\xa8\\xe0\\xa7\\x8d\\xe0\\xa6\\xa1\\xe0\\xa6\\xbf \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Bangla\" lang=\"bn\" hreflang=\"bn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xa6\\xac\\xe0\\xa6\\xbe\\xe0\\xa6\\x82\\xe0\\xa6\\xb2\\xe0\\xa6\\xbe</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Banjar\" lang=\"bjn\" hreflang=\"bjn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Min Nan Chinese\" lang=\"nan\" hreflang=\"nan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>B\\xc3\\xa2n-l\\xc3\\xa2m-g\\xc3\\xba</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Basa Banyumasan\" lang=\"jv-x-bms\" hreflang=\"jv-x-bms\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Bashkir\" lang=\"ba\" hreflang=\"ba\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\x91\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x88\\xd2\\xa1\\xd0\\xbe\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x82\\xd1\\x81\\xd0\\xb0</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb7\\xd1\\x96 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Belarusian\" lang=\"be\" hreflang=\"be\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\x91\\xd0\\xb5\\xd0\\xbb\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x81\\xd0\\xba\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x8f</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb7\\xd1\\x96 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Belarusian (Tara\\xc5\\xa1kievica orthography)\" lang=\"be-tarask\" hreflang=\"be-tarask\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\x91\\xd0\\xb5\\xd0\\xbb\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x81\\xd0\\xba\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x8f (\\xd1\\x82\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x80\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x88\\xd0\\xba\\xd0\\xb5\\xd0\\xb2\\xd1\\x96\\xd1\\x86\\xd0\\xb0)</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\\xe0\\xa4\\xac\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\xb0\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\x82\\xe0\\xa4\\xa1\\xe0\\xa5\\x80 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Bhojpuri\" lang=\"bh\" hreflang=\"bh\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xa4\\xad\\xe0\\xa5\\x8b\\xe0\\xa4\\x9c\\xe0\\xa4\\xaa\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\xb0\\xe0\\xa5\\x80</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Central Bikol\" lang=\"bcl\" hreflang=\"bcl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Bislama\" lang=\"bi\" hreflang=\"bi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Bulgarian\" lang=\"bg\" hreflang=\"bg\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x8a\\xd0\\xbb\\xd0\\xb3\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x81\\xd0\\xba\\xd0\\xb8</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Bavarian\" lang=\"bar\" hreflang=\"bar\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D\" title=\"\\xe0\\xbd\\x96\\xe0\\xbd\\xb4\\xe0\\xbc\\x8b\\xe0\\xbd\\xa2\\xe0\\xbd\\xb4\\xe0\\xbd\\x93\\xe0\\xbc\\x8b\\xe0\\xbd\\x8c\\xe0\\xbd\\xb2\\xe0\\xbc\\x8d \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Tibetan\" lang=\"bo\" hreflang=\"bo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xbd\\x96\\xe0\\xbd\\xbc\\xe0\\xbd\\x91\\xe0\\xbc\\x8b\\xe0\\xbd\\xa1\\xe0\\xbd\\xb2\\xe0\\xbd\\x82</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Bosnian\" lang=\"bs\" hreflang=\"bs\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Breton\" lang=\"br\" hreflang=\"br\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Russia Buriat\" lang=\"bxr\" hreflang=\"bxr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x8f\\xd0\\xb0\\xd0\\xb4</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Catalan\" lang=\"ca\" hreflang=\"ca\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Catal\\xc3\\xa0</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Chuvash\" lang=\"cv\" hreflang=\"cv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\xa7\\xd3\\x91\\xd0\\xb2\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x88\\xd0\\xbb\\xd0\\xb0</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Cebuano\" lang=\"ceb\" hreflang=\"ceb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Czech\" lang=\"cs\" hreflang=\"cs\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xc4\\x8ce\\xc5\\xa1tina</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Chavacano\" lang=\"cbk\" hreflang=\"cbk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vurundi\" title=\"Vurundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Shona\" lang=\"sn\" hreflang=\"sn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Tumbuka\" lang=\"tum\" hreflang=\"tum\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Corsican\" lang=\"co\" hreflang=\"co\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwrwndi\" title=\"Bwrwndi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Welsh\" lang=\"cy\" hreflang=\"cy\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Dagbani\" lang=\"dag\" hreflang=\"dag\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Danish\" lang=\"da\" hreflang=\"da\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A\" title=\"\\xd8\\xa8\\xd9\\x88\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x88\\xd9\\x86\\xd8\\xaf\\xd9\\x8a \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Moroccan Arabic\" lang=\"ary\" hreflang=\"ary\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd8\\xa7\\xd9\\x84\\xd8\\xaf\\xd8\\xa7\\xd8\\xb1\\xd8\\xac\\xd8\\xa9</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Northern Sami\" lang=\"se\" hreflang=\"se\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Davvis\\xc3\\xa1megiella</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 German\" lang=\"de\" hreflang=\"de\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A9\" title=\"\\xde\\x84\\xde\\xaa\\xde\\x83\\xde\\xaa\\xde\\x82\\xde\\xb0\\xde\\x91\\xde\\xa9 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Divehi\" lang=\"dv\" hreflang=\"dv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xde\\x8b\\xde\\xa8\\xde\\x88\\xde\\xac\\xde\\x80\\xde\\xa8\\xde\\x84\\xde\\xa6\\xde\\x90\\xde\\xb0</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Lower Sorbian\" lang=\"dsb\" hreflang=\"dsb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\\xe0\\xa4\\xac\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\xb0\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\xa8\\xe0\\xa5\\x8d\\xe0\\xa4\\xa1\\xe0\\xa5\\x80 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Doteli\" lang=\"dty\" hreflang=\"dty\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xa4\\xa1\\xe0\\xa5\\x8b\\xe0\\xa4\\x9f\\xe0\\xa5\\x87\\xe0\\xa4\\xb2\\xe0\\xa5\\x80</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Estonian\" lang=\"et\" hreflang=\"et\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9\" title=\"\\xce\\x9c\\xcf\\x80\\xce\\xbf\\xcf\\x85\\xcf\\x81\\xce\\xbf\\xcf\\x8d\\xce\\xbd\\xcf\\x84\\xce\\xb9 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Greek\" lang=\"el\" hreflang=\"el\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xce\\x95\\xce\\xbb\\xce\\xbb\\xce\\xb7\\xce\\xbd\\xce\\xb9\\xce\\xba\\xce\\xac</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Spanish\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Espa\\xc3\\xb1ol</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"featured article badge\"><a href=\"https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundo\" title=\"Burundo \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Esperanto\" lang=\"eo\" hreflang=\"eo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Extremaduran\" lang=\"ext\" hreflang=\"ext\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Estreme\\xc3\\xb1u</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Basque\" lang=\"eu\" hreflang=\"eu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Ewe\" lang=\"ee\" hreflang=\"ee\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>E\\xca\\x8begbe</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C\" title=\"\\xd8\\xa8\\xd9\\x88\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x88\\xd9\\x86\\xd8\\xaf\\xdb\\x8c \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Persian\" lang=\"fa\" hreflang=\"fa\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd9\\x81\\xd8\\xa7\\xd8\\xb1\\xd8\\xb3\\xdb\\x8c</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Fiji Hindi\" lang=\"hif\" hreflang=\"hif\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Faroese\" lang=\"fo\" hreflang=\"fo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>F\\xc3\\xb8royskt</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 French\" lang=\"fr\" hreflang=\"fr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Fran\\xc3\\xa7ais</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boer%C3%BBndy\" title=\"Boer\\xc3\\xbbndy \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Western Frisian\" lang=\"fy\" hreflang=\"fy\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burunndi\" title=\"Burunndi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Fula\" lang=\"ff\" hreflang=\"ff\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Bhur%C3%BAin\" title=\"An Bhur\\xc3\\xbain \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Irish\" lang=\"ga\" hreflang=\"ga\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundee\" title=\"Burundee \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Manx\" lang=\"gv\" hreflang=\"gv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Gagauz\" lang=\"gag\" hreflang=\"gag\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundaidh\" title=\"Burundaidh \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Scottish Gaelic\" lang=\"gd\" hreflang=\"gd\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>G\\xc3\\xa0idhlig</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Galician\" lang=\"gl\" hreflang=\"gl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Kikuyu\" lang=\"ki\" hreflang=\"ki\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>G\\xc4\\xa9k\\xc5\\xa9y\\xc5\\xa9</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%80\" title=\"\\xe0\\xaa\\xac\\xe0\\xab\\x81\\xe0\\xaa\\xb0\\xe0\\xab\\x81\\xe0\\xaa\\xa8\\xe0\\xab\\x8d\\xe0\\xaa\\xa1\\xe0\\xab\\x80 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Gujarati\" lang=\"gu\" hreflang=\"gu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xaa\\x97\\xe0\\xab\\x81\\xe0\\xaa\\x9c\\xe0\\xaa\\xb0\\xe0\\xaa\\xbe\\xe0\\xaa\\xa4\\xe0\\xab\\x80</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\\xe0\\xa4\\xac\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\xb0\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\x82\\xe0\\xa4\\xa1\\xe0\\xa5\\x80 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Goan Konkani\" lang=\"gom\" hreflang=\"gom\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xa4\\x97\\xe0\\xa5\\x8b\\xe0\\xa4\\x82\\xe0\\xa4\\xaf\\xe0\\xa4\\x9a\\xe0\\xa5\\x80 \\xe0\\xa4\\x95\\xe0\\xa5\\x8b\\xe0\\xa4\\x82\\xe0\\xa4\\x95\\xe0\\xa4\\xa3\\xe0\\xa5\\x80 / G\\xc3\\xb5ychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Hakka Chinese\" lang=\"hak\" hreflang=\"hak\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe5\\xae\\xa2\\xe5\\xae\\xb6\\xe8\\xaa\\x9e/Hak-k\\xc3\\xa2-ng\\xc3\\xae</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8\\xd0\\xbd \\xd0\\x9e\\xd1\\x80\\xd0\\xbd \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Kalmyk\" lang=\"xal\" hreflang=\"xal\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\xa5\\xd0\\xb0\\xd0\\xbb\\xd1\\x8c\\xd0\\xbc\\xd0\\xb3</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EB%A3%AC%EB%94%94\" title=\"\\xeb\\xb6\\x80\\xeb\\xa3\\xac\\xeb\\x94\\x94 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Korean\" lang=\"ko\" hreflang=\"ko\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xed\\x95\\x9c\\xea\\xb5\\xad\\xec\\x96\\xb4</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Hausa\" lang=\"ha\" hreflang=\"ha\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB\" title=\"\\xd4\\xb2\\xd5\\xb8\\xd6\\x82\\xd6\\x80\\xd5\\xb8\\xd6\\x82\\xd5\\xb6\\xd5\\xa4\\xd5\\xab \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Armenian\" lang=\"hy\" hreflang=\"hy\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd5\\x80\\xd5\\xa1\\xd5\\xb5\\xd5\\xa5\\xd6\\x80\\xd5\\xa5\\xd5\\xb6</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\\xe0\\xa4\\xac\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\xb0\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\xa3\\xe0\\xa5\\x8d\\xe0\\xa4\\xa1\\xe0\\xa5\\x80 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Hindi\" lang=\"hi\" hreflang=\"hi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xa4\\xb9\\xe0\\xa4\\xbf\\xe0\\xa4\\xa8\\xe0\\xa5\\x8d\\xe0\\xa4\\xa6\\xe0\\xa5\\x80</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Upper Sorbian\" lang=\"hsb\" hreflang=\"hsb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Croatian\" lang=\"hr\" hreflang=\"hr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Ido\" lang=\"io\" hreflang=\"io\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Igbo\" lang=\"ig\" hreflang=\"ig\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Iloko\" lang=\"ilo\" hreflang=\"ilo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF\" title=\"\\xe0\\xa6\\xac\\xe0\\xa7\\x81\\xe0\\xa6\\xb0\\xe0\\xa7\\x81\\xe0\\xa6\\xa8\\xe0\\xa7\\x8d\\xe0\\xa6\\xa1\\xe0\\xa6\\xbf \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Bishnupriya\" lang=\"bpy\" hreflang=\"bpy\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xa6\\xac\\xe0\\xa6\\xbf\\xe0\\xa6\\xb7\\xe0\\xa7\\x8d\\xe0\\xa6\\xa3\\xe0\\xa7\\x81\\xe0\\xa6\\xaa\\xe0\\xa7\\x8d\\xe0\\xa6\\xb0\\xe0\\xa6\\xbf\\xe0\\xa6\\xaf\\xe0\\xa6\\xbc\\xe0\\xa6\\xbe \\xe0\\xa6\\xae\\xe0\\xa6\\xa3\\xe0\\xa6\\xbf\\xe0\\xa6\\xaa\\xe0\\xa7\\x81\\xe0\\xa6\\xb0\\xe0\\xa7\\x80</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Indonesian\" lang=\"id\" hreflang=\"id\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Interlingua\" lang=\"ia\" hreflang=\"ia\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Interlingue\" lang=\"ie\" hreflang=\"ie\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purunni\" title=\"Purunni \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Inupiaq\" lang=\"ik\" hreflang=\"ik\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>I\\xc3\\xb1upiatun</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Ossetic\" lang=\"os\" hreflang=\"os\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\x98\\xd1\\x80\\xd0\\xbe\\xd0\\xbd</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBhurundi\" title=\"IBhurundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Zulu\" lang=\"zu\" hreflang=\"zu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BAr%C3%BAnd%C3%AD\" title=\"B\\xc3\\xbar\\xc3\\xband\\xc3\\xad \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Icelandic\" lang=\"is\" hreflang=\"is\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xc3\\x8dslenska</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Italian\" lang=\"it\" hreflang=\"it\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99\" title=\"\\xd7\\x91\\xd7\\x95\\xd7\\xa8\\xd7\\x95\\xd7\\xa0\\xd7\\x93\\xd7\\x99 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Hebrew\" lang=\"he\" hreflang=\"he\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd7\\xa2\\xd7\\x91\\xd7\\xa8\\xd7\\x99\\xd7\\xaa</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Javanese\" lang=\"jv\" hreflang=\"jv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purundi\" title=\"Purundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Kabiye\" lang=\"kbp\" hreflang=\"kbp\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kab\\xc9\\xa9y\\xc9\\x9b</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF\" title=\"\\xe0\\xb2\\xac\\xe0\\xb3\\x81\\xe0\\xb2\\xb0\\xe0\\xb3\\x81\\xe0\\xb2\\x82\\xe0\\xb2\\xa1\\xe0\\xb2\\xbf \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Kannada\" lang=\"kn\" hreflang=\"kn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xb2\\x95\\xe0\\xb2\\xa8\\xe0\\xb3\\x8d\\xe0\\xb2\\xa8\\xe0\\xb2\\xa1</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Pampanga\" lang=\"pam\" hreflang=\"pam\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98\" title=\"\\xe1\\x83\\x91\\xe1\\x83\\xa3\\xe1\\x83\\xa0\\xe1\\x83\\xa3\\xe1\\x83\\x9c\\xe1\\x83\\x93\\xe1\\x83\\x98 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Georgian\" lang=\"ka\" hreflang=\"ka\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe1\\x83\\xa5\\xe1\\x83\\x90\\xe1\\x83\\xa0\\xe1\\x83\\x97\\xe1\\x83\\xa3\\xe1\\x83\\x9a\\xe1\\x83\\x98</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Kazakh\" lang=\"kk\" hreflang=\"kk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd2\\x9a\\xd0\\xb0\\xd0\\xb7\\xd0\\xb0\\xd2\\x9b\\xd1\\x88\\xd0\\xb0</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Cornish\" lang=\"kw\" hreflang=\"kw\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uburundi\" title=\"Uburundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Kinyarwanda\" lang=\"rw\" hreflang=\"rw\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uburundi\" title=\"Uburundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Rundi\" lang=\"rn\" hreflang=\"rn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Swahili\" lang=\"sw\" hreflang=\"sw\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Kongo\" lang=\"kg\" hreflang=\"kg\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundia\" title=\"Burundia \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Kotava\" lang=\"avk\" hreflang=\"avk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouwoundi\" title=\"Bouwoundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Haitian Creole\" lang=\"ht\" hreflang=\"ht\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Krey\\xc3\\xb2l ayisyen</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Guianan Creole\" lang=\"gcr\" hreflang=\"gcr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kriy\\xc3\\xb2l gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burund%C3%AE\" title=\"Burund\\xc3\\xae \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Kurdish\" lang=\"ku\" hreflang=\"ku\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kurd\\xc3\\xae</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Kyrgyz\" lang=\"ky\" hreflang=\"ky\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\x9a\\xd1\\x8b\\xd1\\x80\\xd0\\xb3\\xd1\\x8b\\xd0\\xb7\\xd1\\x87\\xd0\\xb0</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Western Mari\" lang=\"mrj\" hreflang=\"mrj\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\x9a\\xd1\\x8b\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x8b\\xd0\\xba \\xd0\\xbc\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x8b</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Ladin\" lang=\"lld\" hreflang=\"lld\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Latgalian\" lang=\"ltg\" hreflang=\"ltg\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Latga\\xc4\\xbcu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundia\" title=\"Burundia \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Latin\" lang=\"la\" hreflang=\"la\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundija\" title=\"Burundija \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Latvian\" lang=\"lv\" hreflang=\"lv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Latvie\\xc5\\xa1u</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Luxembourgish\" lang=\"lb\" hreflang=\"lb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>L\\xc3\\xabtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundis\" title=\"Burundis \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Lithuanian\" lang=\"lt\" hreflang=\"lt\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Lietuvi\\xc5\\xb3</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Ligurian\" lang=\"lij\" hreflang=\"lij\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Limburgish\" lang=\"li\" hreflang=\"li\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Lingala\" lang=\"ln\" hreflang=\"ln\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ling\\xc3\\xa1la</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Lingua Franca Nova\" lang=\"lfn\" hreflang=\"lfn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Livvi-Karelian\" lang=\"olo\" hreflang=\"olo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Ganda\" lang=\"lg\" hreflang=\"lg\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Lombard\" lang=\"lmo\" hreflang=\"lmo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Hungarian\" lang=\"hu\" hreflang=\"hu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Macedonian\" lang=\"mk\" hreflang=\"mk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\x9c\\xd0\\xb0\\xd0\\xba\\xd0\\xb5\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xbe\\xd0\\xbd\\xd1\\x81\\xd0\\xba\\xd0\\xb8</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borondy\" title=\"Borondy \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Malagasy\" lang=\"mg\" hreflang=\"mg\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF\" title=\"\\xe0\\xb4\\xac\\xe0\\xb4\\xb1\\xe0\\xb5\\x81\\xe0\\xb4\\xa3\\xe0\\xb5\\x8d\\xe0\\xb4\\x9f\\xe0\\xb4\\xbf \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Malayalam\" lang=\"ml\" hreflang=\"ml\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xb4\\xae\\xe0\\xb4\\xb2\\xe0\\xb4\\xaf\\xe0\\xb4\\xbe\\xe0\\xb4\\xb3\\xe0\\xb4\\x82</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Maltese\" lang=\"mt\" hreflang=\"mt\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puruniti\" title=\"Puruniti \\xe2\\x80\\x93 M\\xc4\\x81ori\" lang=\"mi\" hreflang=\"mi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>M\\xc4\\x81ori</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\\xe0\\xa4\\xac\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\xb0\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\x82\\xe0\\xa4\\xa1\\xe0\\xa5\\x80 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Marathi\" lang=\"mr\" hreflang=\"mr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xa4\\xae\\xe0\\xa4\\xb0\\xe0\\xa4\\xbe\\xe0\\xa4\\xa0\\xe0\\xa5\\x80</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98\" title=\"\\xe1\\x83\\x91\\xe1\\x83\\xa3\\xe1\\x83\\xa0\\xe1\\x83\\xa3\\xe1\\x83\\x9c\\xe1\\x83\\x93\\xe1\\x83\\x98 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Mingrelian\" lang=\"xmf\" hreflang=\"xmf\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe1\\x83\\x9b\\xe1\\x83\\x90\\xe1\\x83\\xa0\\xe1\\x83\\x92\\xe1\\x83\\x90\\xe1\\x83\\x9a\\xe1\\x83\\xa3\\xe1\\x83\\xa0\\xe1\\x83\\x98</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89\" title=\"\\xd8\\xa8\\xd9\\x88\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x88\\xd9\\x86\\xd8\\xaf\\xd9\\x89 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Egyptian Arabic\" lang=\"arz\" hreflang=\"arz\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd9\\x85\\xd8\\xb5\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x89</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C\" title=\"\\xd8\\xa8\\xd9\\x88\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x88\\xd9\\x86\\xd8\\xaf\\xdb\\x8c \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Mazanderani\" lang=\"mzn\" hreflang=\"mzn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd9\\x85\\xd8\\xa7\\xd8\\xb2\\xd9\\x90\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x88\\xd9\\x86\\xdb\\x8c</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Malay\" lang=\"ms\" hreflang=\"ms\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4\" title=\"\\xea\\xaf\\x95\\xea\\xaf\\xa8\\xea\\xaf\\x94\\xea\\xaf\\xa8\\xea\\xaf\\x9f\\xea\\xaf\\x97\\xea\\xaf\\xa4 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Manipuri\" lang=\"mni\" hreflang=\"mni\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xea\\xaf\\x83\\xea\\xaf\\xa4\\xea\\xaf\\x87\\xea\\xaf\\xa9 \\xea\\xaf\\x82\\xea\\xaf\\xa3\\xea\\xaf\\x9f</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Minangkabau\" lang=\"min\" hreflang=\"min\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Min Dong Chinese\" lang=\"cdo\" hreflang=\"cdo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe9\\x96\\xa9\\xe6\\x9d\\xb1\\xe8\\xaa\\x9e / M\\xc3\\xacng-d\\xc4\\x95\\xcc\\xa4ng-ng\\xe1\\xb9\\xb3\\xcc\\x84</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Mirandese\" lang=\"mwl\" hreflang=\"mwl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Mirand\\xc3\\xa9s</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Moksha\" lang=\"mdf\" hreflang=\"mdf\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\x9c\\xd0\\xbe\\xd0\\xba\\xd1\\x88\\xd0\\xb5\\xd0\\xbd\\xd1\\x8c</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Mongolian\" lang=\"mn\" hreflang=\"mn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\x9c\\xd0\\xbe\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb3\\xd0\\xbe\\xd0\\xbb</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6\" title=\"\\xe1\\x80\\x98\\xe1\\x80\\xb0\\xe1\\x80\\x9b\\xe1\\x80\\xbd\\xe1\\x80\\x94\\xe1\\x80\\xba\\xe1\\x80\\x92\\xe1\\x80\\xae\\xe1\\x80\\x94\\xe1\\x80\\xad\\xe1\\x80\\xaf\\xe1\\x80\\x84\\xe1\\x80\\xba\\xe1\\x80\\x84\\xe1\\x80\\xb6 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Burmese\" lang=\"my\" hreflang=\"my\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe1\\x80\\x99\\xe1\\x80\\xbc\\xe1\\x80\\x94\\xe1\\x80\\xba\\xe1\\x80\\x99\\xe1\\x80\\xac\\xe1\\x80\\x98\\xe1\\x80\\xac\\xe1\\x80\\x9e\\xe1\\x80\\xac</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 N\\xc4\\x81huatl\" lang=\"nah\" hreflang=\"nah\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>N\\xc4\\x81huatl</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-na mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://na.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Nauru\" lang=\"na\" hreflang=\"na\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Dorerin Naoero</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Dutch\" lang=\"nl\" hreflang=\"nl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Low Saxon\" lang=\"nds-NL\" hreflang=\"nds-NL\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\\xe0\\xa4\\xac\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\xb0\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\xa8\\xe0\\xa5\\x8d\\xe0\\xa4\\xa1\\xe0\\xa5\\x80 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Nepali\" lang=\"ne\" hreflang=\"ne\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xa4\\xa8\\xe0\\xa5\\x87\\xe0\\xa4\\xaa\\xe0\\xa4\\xbe\\xe0\\xa4\\xb2\\xe0\\xa5\\x80</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\\xe0\\xa4\\xac\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\xb0\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\xa8\\xe0\\xa5\\x8d\\xe0\\xa4\\xa1\\xe0\\xa5\\x80 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Newari\" lang=\"new\" hreflang=\"new\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xa4\\xa8\\xe0\\xa5\\x87\\xe0\\xa4\\xaa\\xe0\\xa4\\xbe\\xe0\\xa4\\xb2 \\xe0\\xa4\\xad\\xe0\\xa4\\xbe\\xe0\\xa4\\xb7\\xe0\\xa4\\xbe</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8\" title=\"\\xe3\\x83\\x96\\xe3\\x83\\xab\\xe3\\x83\\xb3\\xe3\\x82\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Japanese\" lang=\"ja\" hreflang=\"ja\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe6\\x97\\xa5\\xe6\\x9c\\xac\\xe8\\xaa\\x9e</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Chechen\" lang=\"ce\" hreflang=\"ce\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\x9d\\xd0\\xbe\\xd1\\x85\\xd1\\x87\\xd0\\xb8\\xd0\\xb9\\xd0\\xbd</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Northern Frisian\" lang=\"frr\" hreflang=\"frr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Norfuk / Pitkern\" lang=\"pih\" hreflang=\"pih\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Norwegian Bokm\\xc3\\xa5l\" lang=\"nb\" hreflang=\"nb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Norsk bokm\\xc3\\xa5l</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Norwegian Nynorsk\" lang=\"nn\" hreflang=\"nn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Novial\" lang=\"nov\" hreflang=\"nov\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Occitan\" lang=\"oc\" hreflang=\"oc\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buruundii\" title=\"Buruundii \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Oromo\" lang=\"om\" hreflang=\"om\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Uzbek\" lang=\"uz\" hreflang=\"uz\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>O\\xca\\xbbzbekcha / \\xd1\\x9e\\xd0\\xb7\\xd0\\xb1\\xd0\\xb5\\xd0\\xba\\xd1\\x87\\xd0\\xb0</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80\" title=\"\\xe0\\xa8\\xac\\xe0\\xa9\\x81\\xe0\\xa8\\xb0\\xe0\\xa9\\x82\\xe0\\xa9\\xb0\\xe0\\xa8\\xa1\\xe0\\xa9\\x80 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Punjabi\" lang=\"pa\" hreflang=\"pa\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xa8\\xaa\\xe0\\xa9\\xb0\\xe0\\xa8\\x9c\\xe0\\xa8\\xbe\\xe0\\xa8\\xac\\xe0\\xa9\\x80</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\\xe0\\xa4\\xac\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\xb0\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\x82\\xe0\\xa4\\xa1\\xe0\\xa5\\x80 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Pali\" lang=\"pi\" hreflang=\"pi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xa4\\xaa\\xe0\\xa4\\xbe\\xe0\\xa4\\xb2\\xe0\\xa4\\xbf</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Amis\" lang=\"ami\" hreflang=\"ami\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C\" title=\"\\xd8\\xa8\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x88\\xd9\\x86\\xda\\x88\\xdb\\x8c \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Western Punjabi\" lang=\"pnb\" hreflang=\"pnb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd9\\xbe\\xd9\\x86\\xd8\\xac\\xd8\\xa7\\xd8\\xa8\\xdb\\x8c</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Papiamento\" lang=\"pap\" hreflang=\"pap\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A\" title=\"\\xd8\\xa8\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x88\\xd9\\x86\\xd8\\xaf\\xd9\\x8a \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Pashto\" lang=\"ps\" hreflang=\"ps\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd9\\xbe\\xda\\x9a\\xd8\\xaa\\xd9\\x88</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Jamaican Creole English\" lang=\"jam\" hreflang=\"jam\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Piedmontese\" lang=\"pms\" hreflang=\"pms\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Piemont\\xc3\\xa8is</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Low German\" lang=\"nds\" hreflang=\"nds\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Plattd\\xc3\\xbc\\xc3\\xbctsch</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Polish\" lang=\"pl\" hreflang=\"pl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Portuguese\" lang=\"pt\" hreflang=\"pt\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Portugu\\xc3\\xaas</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Kara-Kalpak\" lang=\"kaa\" hreflang=\"kaa\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Crimean Tatar\" lang=\"crh\" hreflang=\"crh\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Q\\xc4\\xb1r\\xc4\\xb1mtatarca</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Romanian\" lang=\"ro\" hreflang=\"ro\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Rom\\xc3\\xa2n\\xc4\\x83</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Romansh\" lang=\"rm\" hreflang=\"rm\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Quechua\" lang=\"qu\" hreflang=\"qu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd1\\x96 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Rusyn\" lang=\"rue\" hreflang=\"rue\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\xa0\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x81\\xd0\\xb8\\xd0\\xbd\\xd1\\x8c\\xd1\\x81\\xd0\\xba\\xd1\\x8b\\xd0\\xb9</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"good article badge\"><a href=\"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Russian\" lang=\"ru\" hreflang=\"ru\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\xa0\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x81\\xd1\\x81\\xd0\\xba\\xd0\\xb8\\xd0\\xb9</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Yakut\" lang=\"sah\" hreflang=\"sah\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\xa1\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x85\\xd0\\xb0 \\xd1\\x82\\xd1\\x8b\\xd0\\xbb\\xd0\\xb0</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Sakizaya\" lang=\"szy\" hreflang=\"szy\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Samoan\" lang=\"sm\" hreflang=\"sm\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\\xe0\\xa4\\xac\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\xb0\\xe0\\xa5\\x81\\xe0\\xa4\\x82\\xe0\\xa4\\xa1\\xe0\\xa5\\x80 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Sanskrit\" lang=\"sa\" hreflang=\"sa\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xa4\\xb8\\xe0\\xa4\\x82\\xe0\\xa4\\xb8\\xe0\\xa5\\x8d\\xe0\\xa4\\x95\\xe0\\xa5\\x83\\xe0\\xa4\\xa4\\xe0\\xa4\\xae\\xe0\\xa5\\x8d</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burund%C3%AFi\" title=\"Burund\\xc3\\xafi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Sango\" lang=\"sg\" hreflang=\"sg\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>S\\xc3\\xa4ng\\xc3\\xb6</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4\" title=\"\\xe1\\xb1\\xb5\\xe1\\xb1\\xa9\\xe1\\xb1\\xa8\\xe1\\xb1\\xa9\\xe1\\xb1\\xb1\\xe1\\xb1\\xb0\\xe1\\xb1\\xa4 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Santali\" lang=\"sat\" hreflang=\"sat\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe1\\xb1\\xa5\\xe1\\xb1\\x9f\\xe1\\xb1\\xb1\\xe1\\xb1\\x9b\\xe1\\xb1\\x9f\\xe1\\xb1\\xb2\\xe1\\xb1\\xa4</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Sardinian\" lang=\"sc\" hreflang=\"sc\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Scots\" lang=\"sco\" hreflang=\"sco\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Taroko\" lang=\"trv\" hreflang=\"trv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Saterland Frisian\" lang=\"stq\" hreflang=\"stq\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Southern Sotho\" lang=\"st\" hreflang=\"st\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Northern Sotho\" lang=\"nso\" hreflang=\"nso\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Albanian\" lang=\"sq\" hreflang=\"sq\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Sicilian\" lang=\"scn\" hreflang=\"scn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92\" title=\"\\xe0\\xb6\\xb6\\xe0\\xb7\\x94\\xe0\\xb6\\xbb\\xe0\\xb7\\x94\\xe0\\xb6\\xb1\\xe0\\xb7\\x8a\\xe0\\xb6\\xa9\\xe0\\xb7\\x92 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Sinhala\" lang=\"si\" hreflang=\"si\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xb7\\x83\\xe0\\xb7\\x92\\xe0\\xb6\\x82\\xe0\\xb7\\x84\\xe0\\xb6\\xbd</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Simple English\" lang=\"en-simple\" hreflang=\"en-simple\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%8A%D9%8A\" title=\"\\xd8\\xa8\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x88\\xd9\\x86\\xda\\x8a\\xd9\\x8a \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Sindhi\" lang=\"sd\" hreflang=\"sd\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd8\\xb3\\xd9\\x86\\xda\\x8c\\xd9\\x8a</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBurundi\" title=\"IBurundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Swati\" lang=\"ss\" hreflang=\"ss\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Slovak\" lang=\"sk\" hreflang=\"sk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Sloven\\xc4\\x8dina</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Slovenian\" lang=\"sl\" hreflang=\"sl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Sloven\\xc5\\xa1\\xc4\\x8dina</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bur%C5%AFndi\" title=\"Bur\\xc5\\xafndi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Silesian\" lang=\"szl\" hreflang=\"szl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xc5\\x9al\\xc5\\xafnski</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Somali\" lang=\"so\" hreflang=\"so\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C\" title=\"\\xd8\\xa8\\xd9\\x88\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x88\\xd9\\x86\\xd8\\xaf\\xdb\\x8c \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Central Kurdish\" lang=\"ckb\" hreflang=\"ckb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xda\\xa9\\xd9\\x88\\xd8\\xb1\\xd8\\xaf\\xdb\\x8c</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Serbian\" lang=\"sr\" hreflang=\"sr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\xa1\\xd1\\x80\\xd0\\xbf\\xd1\\x81\\xd0\\xba\\xd0\\xb8 / srpski</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Serbo-Croatian\" lang=\"sh\" hreflang=\"sh\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Srpskohrvatski / \\xd1\\x81\\xd1\\x80\\xd0\\xbf\\xd1\\x81\\xd0\\xba\\xd0\\xbe\\xd1\\x85\\xd1\\x80\\xd0\\xb2\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x82\\xd1\\x81\\xd0\\xba\\xd0\\xb8</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Sundanese\" lang=\"su\" hreflang=\"su\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Finnish\" lang=\"fi\" hreflang=\"fi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Swedish\" lang=\"sv\" hreflang=\"sv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Tagalog\" lang=\"tl\" hreflang=\"tl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF\" title=\"\\xe0\\xae\\xaa\\xe0\\xaf\\x81\\xe0\\xae\\xb0\\xe0\\xaf\\x81\\xe0\\xae\\xa3\\xe0\\xaf\\x8d\\xe0\\xae\\x9f\\xe0\\xae\\xbf \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Tamil\" lang=\"ta\" hreflang=\"ta\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xae\\xa4\\xe0\\xae\\xae\\xe0\\xae\\xbf\\xe0\\xae\\xb4\\xe0\\xaf\\x8d</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Tachelhit\" lang=\"shi\" hreflang=\"shi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Tacl\\xe1\\xb8\\xa5it</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Kabyle\" lang=\"kab\" hreflang=\"kab\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Tatar\" lang=\"tt\" hreflang=\"tt\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\xa2\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x82\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x87\\xd0\\xb0 / tatar\\xc3\\xa7a</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87\" title=\"\\xe1\\x80\\x99\\xe1\\x80\\xad\\xe1\\x80\\xb0\\xe1\\x80\\x84\\xe1\\x80\\xba\\xe1\\x80\\xb8\\xe1\\x80\\x95\\xe1\\x80\\xb0\\xe1\\x82\\x87\\xe1\\x80\\x9b\\xe1\\x80\\xaf\\xe1\\x81\\xbc\\xe1\\x80\\xba\\xe1\\x80\\xb8\\xe1\\x80\\x90\\xe1\\x80\\xae\\xe1\\x82\\x87 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Shan\" lang=\"shn\" hreflang=\"shn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe1\\x81\\xbd\\xe1\\x82\\x83\\xe1\\x82\\x87\\xe1\\x80\\x9e\\xe1\\x82\\x83\\xe1\\x82\\x87\\xe1\\x80\\x90\\xe1\\x82\\x86\\xe1\\x80\\xb8 </span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Tayal\" lang=\"tay\" hreflang=\"tay\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF\" title=\"\\xe0\\xb0\\xac\\xe0\\xb1\\x81\\xe0\\xb0\\xb0\\xe0\\xb1\\x81\\xe0\\xb0\\x82\\xe0\\xb0\\xa1\\xe0\\xb0\\xbf \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Telugu\" lang=\"te\" hreflang=\"te\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xb0\\xa4\\xe0\\xb1\\x86\\xe0\\xb0\\xb2\\xe0\\xb1\\x81\\xe0\\xb0\\x97\\xe0\\xb1\\x81</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5\" title=\"\\xe0\\xb8\\x9b\\xe0\\xb8\\xa3\\xe0\\xb8\\xb0\\xe0\\xb9\\x80\\xe0\\xb8\\x97\\xe0\\xb8\\xa8\\xe0\\xb8\\x9a\\xe0\\xb8\\xb8\\xe0\\xb8\\xa3\\xe0\\xb8\\xb8\\xe0\\xb8\\x99\\xe0\\xb8\\x94\\xe0\\xb8\\xb5 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Thai\" lang=\"th\" hreflang=\"th\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe0\\xb9\\x84\\xe0\\xb8\\x97\\xe0\\xb8\\xa2</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundi\" title=\"Brundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Dinka\" lang=\"din\" hreflang=\"din\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Thu\\xc9\\x94\\xc5\\x8bj\\xc3\\xa4\\xc5\\x8b</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A3\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd3\\xa3 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Tajik\" lang=\"tg\" hreflang=\"tg\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\xa2\\xd0\\xbe\\xd2\\xb7\\xd0\\xb8\\xd0\\xba\\xd3\\xa3</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%8B%E1%8E%B7%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%97\" title=\"\\xe1\\x8f\\x8b\\xe1\\x8e\\xb7\\xe1\\x8f\\x82\\xe1\\x8f\\x97 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Cherokee\" lang=\"chr\" hreflang=\"chr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe1\\x8f\\xa3\\xe1\\x8e\\xb3\\xe1\\x8e\\xa9</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Turkish\" lang=\"tr\" hreflang=\"tr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>T\\xc3\\xbcrk\\xc3\\xa7e</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Turkmen\" lang=\"tk\" hreflang=\"tk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>T\\xc3\\xbcrkmen\\xc3\\xa7e</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Twi\" lang=\"tw\" hreflang=\"tw\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Udmurt\" lang=\"udm\" hreflang=\"udm\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\xa3\\xd0\\xb4\\xd0\\xbc\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x82</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96\" title=\"\\xd0\\x91\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x83\\xd0\\xbd\\xd0\\xb4\\xd1\\x96 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Ukrainian\" lang=\"uk\" hreflang=\"uk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd0\\xa3\\xd0\\xba\\xd1\\x80\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x97\\xd0\\xbd\\xd1\\x81\\xd1\\x8c\\xd0\\xba\\xd0\\xb0</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C\" title=\"\\xd8\\xa8\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x88\\xd9\\x86\\xda\\x88\\xdb\\x8c \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Urdu\" lang=\"ur\" hreflang=\"ur\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd8\\xa7\\xd8\\xb1\\xd8\\xaf\\xd9\\x88</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%87%D8%B1%DB%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89\" title=\"\\xd8\\xa8\\xdb\\x87\\xd8\\xb1\\xdb\\x87\\xd9\\x86\\xd8\\xaf\\xd9\\x89 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Uyghur\" lang=\"ug\" hreflang=\"ug\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd8\\xa6\\xdb\\x87\\xd9\\x8a\\xd8\\xba\\xdb\\x87\\xd8\\xb1\\xda\\x86\\xdb\\x95 / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Zhuang\" lang=\"za\" hreflang=\"za\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Venetian\" lang=\"vec\" hreflang=\"vec\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>V\\xc3\\xa8neto</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Veps\" lang=\"vep\" hreflang=\"vep\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Veps\\xc3\\xa4n kel\\xe2\\x80\\x99</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Vietnamese\" lang=\"vi\" hreflang=\"vi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ti\\xe1\\xba\\xbfng Vi\\xe1\\xbb\\x87t</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rundiy%C3%A4n\" title=\"Rundiy\\xc3\\xa4n \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Volap\\xc3\\xbck\" lang=\"vo\" hreflang=\"vo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Volap\\xc3\\xbck</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 V\\xc3\\xb5ro\" lang=\"vro\" hreflang=\"vro\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>V\\xc3\\xb5ro</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouroundi\" title=\"Bouroundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Walloon\" lang=\"wa\" hreflang=\"wa\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E9%9A%86%E5%9C%B0\" title=\"\\xe8\\x92\\xb2\\xe9\\x9a\\x86\\xe5\\x9c\\xb0 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Literary Chinese\" lang=\"lzh\" hreflang=\"lzh\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe6\\x96\\x87\\xe8\\xa8\\x80</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Waray\" lang=\"war\" hreflang=\"war\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buruundi\" title=\"Buruundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Wolof\" lang=\"wo\" hreflang=\"wo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E9%9A%86%E5%9C%B0\" title=\"\\xe8\\x92\\xb2\\xe9\\x9a\\x86\\xe5\\x9c\\xb0 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Wu Chinese\" lang=\"wuu\" hreflang=\"wuu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe5\\x90\\xb4\\xe8\\xaf\\xad</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Tsonga\" lang=\"ts\" hreflang=\"ts\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99\" title=\"\\xd7\\x91\\xd7\\x95\\xd7\\xa8\\xd7\\x95\\xd7\\xa0\\xd7\\x93\\xd7\\x99 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Yiddish\" lang=\"yi\" hreflang=\"yi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xd7\\x99\\xd7\\x99\\xd6\\xb4\\xd7\\x93\\xd7\\x99\\xd7\\xa9</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9r%C3%BAnd%C3%AC\" title=\"B\\xc3\\xb9r\\xc3\\xband\\xc3\\xac \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Yoruba\" lang=\"yo\" hreflang=\"yo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Yor\\xc3\\xb9b\\xc3\\xa1</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86%E8%BF%AA\" title=\"\\xe5\\xb8\\x83\\xe9\\x9a\\x86\\xe8\\xbf\\xaa \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Cantonese\" lang=\"yue\" hreflang=\"yue\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe7\\xb2\\xb5\\xe8\\xaa\\x9e</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Zazaki\" lang=\"diq\" hreflang=\"diq\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Zeelandic\" lang=\"zea\" hreflang=\"zea\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ze\\xc3\\xaauws</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundis\" title=\"Burundis \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Samogitian\" lang=\"sgs\" hreflang=\"sgs\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xc5\\xbdemait\\xc4\\x97\\xc5\\xa1ka</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E9%9A%86%E5%9C%B0\" title=\"\\xe8\\x92\\xb2\\xe9\\x9a\\x86\\xe5\\x9c\\xb0 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Chinese\" lang=\"zh\" hreflang=\"zh\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>\\xe4\\xb8\\xad\\xe6\\x96\\x87</span></a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"after-portlet after-portlet-lang\"><span class=\"wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q967#sitelinks-wikipedia\" title=\"Edit interlanguage links\" class=\"wbc-editpage\">Edit links</a></span></div>\\n\\t\\t</div>\\n\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t</header>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar-container\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"left-navigation\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<nav aria-label=\"Namespaces\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n<div id=\"p-associated-pages\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages\"  >\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<li id=\"ca-nstab-main\" class=\"selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a data-mw=\"interface\" href=\"/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"View the content page [c]\" accesskey=\"c\" class=\"\"><span>Article</span></a>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"ca-talk\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a data-mw=\"interface\" href=\"/wiki/Talk:Burundi\" rel=\"discussion\" title=\"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\" accesskey=\"t\" class=\"\"><span>Talk</span></a>\\n</li>\\n\\n\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\n<div id=\"p-variants\" class=\"vector-menu vector-dropdown vector-menu-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet\"  >\\n\\t<input type=\"checkbox\"\\n\\t\\tid=\"p-variants-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\trole=\"button\"\\n\\t\\taria-haspopup=\"true\"\\n\\t\\tdata-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-variants\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-menu-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\taria-label=\"Change language variant\"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t/>\\n\\t<label\\n\\t\\tid=\"p-variants-label\"\\n\\t\\tfor=\"p-variants-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-menu-heading \"\\n\\t\\taria-hidden=\"true\"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-menu-heading-label\">English</span>\\n\\t</label>\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content vector-dropdown-content\">\\n\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t</nav>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"right-navigation\" class=\"vector-collapsible\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<nav aria-label=\"Views\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n<div id=\"p-views\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views\"  >\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<li id=\"ca-view\" class=\"selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a data-mw=\"interface\" href=\"/wiki/Burundi\" class=\"\"><span>Read</span></a>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"ca-edit\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a data-mw=\"interface\" href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit\" title=\"Edit this page [e]\" accesskey=\"e\" class=\"\"><span>Edit</span></a>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"ca-history\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a data-mw=\"interface\" href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=history\" title=\"Past revisions of this page [h]\" accesskey=\"h\" class=\"\"><span>View history</span></a>\\n</li>\\n\\n\\t\\t</ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t</nav>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<nav class=\"vector-page-tools-landmark\" aria-label=\"More options\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n<div id=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown\" class=\"vector-menu vector-dropdown vector-menu-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown\"  >\\n\\t<input type=\"checkbox\"\\n\\t\\tid=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\trole=\"button\"\\n\\t\\taria-haspopup=\"true\"\\n\\t\\tdata-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-menu-checkbox \"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\taria-label=\"Tools\"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t/>\\n\\t<label\\n\\t\\tid=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown-label\"\\n\\t\\tfor=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox\"\\n\\t\\tclass=\"vector-menu-heading \"\\n\\t\\taria-hidden=\"true\"\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<span class=\"vector-menu-heading-label\">Tools</span>\\n\\t</label>\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content vector-dropdown-content\">\\n\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"vector-page-tools-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n<div id=\"vector-page-tools\" class=\"vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element\">\\n\\t<div\\n\\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned\"\\n\\tdata-feature-name=\"page-tools-pinned\"\\n\\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-page-tools\"\\n\\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-page-tools-pinned-container\"\\n\\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-page-tools-unpinned-container\"\\n>\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Tools</div>\\n\\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin\">move to sidebar</button>\\n\\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin\">hide</button>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\t\\n<div id=\"p-cactions\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items\"  title=\"More options\" >\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\\n\\t\\tActions\\n\\t</div>\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li id=\"ca-more-view\" class=\"selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Burundi\"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id=\"ca-more-edit\" class=\"vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit\"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id=\"ca-more-history\" class=\"vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=history\"><span>View history</span></a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n<div id=\"p-tb\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb\"  >\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\\n\\t\\tGeneral\\n\\t</div>\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li id=\"t-whatlinkshere\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Burundi\" title=\"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\" accesskey=\"j\"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id=\"t-recentchangeslinked\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Burundi\" rel=\"nofollow\" title=\"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]\" accesskey=\"k\"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id=\"t-upload\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard\" title=\"Upload files [u]\" accesskey=\"u\"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id=\"t-specialpages\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:SpecialPages\" title=\"A list of all special pages [q]\" accesskey=\"q\"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id=\"t-permalink\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;oldid=1147699092\" title=\"Permanent link to this revision of this page\"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id=\"t-info\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=info\" title=\"More information about this page\"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id=\"t-cite\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Burundi&amp;id=1147699092&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform\" title=\"Information on how to cite this page\"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id=\"t-wikibase\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q967\" title=\"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\" accesskey=\"g\"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n<div id=\"p-coll-print_export\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export\"  >\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\\n\\t\\tPrint/export\\n\\t</div>\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li id=\"coll-download-as-rl\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Burundi&amp;action=show-download-screen\" title=\"Download this page as a PDF file\"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id=\"t-print\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;printable=yes\" title=\"Printable version of this page [p]\" accesskey=\"p\"><span>Printable version</span></a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n<div id=\"p-wikibase-otherprojects\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects\"  >\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\\n\\t\\tIn other projects\\n\\t</div>\\n\\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" hreflang=\"en\"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Burundi\" hreflang=\"en\"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Burundi\" hreflang=\"en\"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Burundi\" hreflang=\"en\"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n</div>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t</nav>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-column-end\">\\n\\t<nav class=\"vector-page-tools-landmark\" aria-label=\"More options\">\\n\\t\\t<div id=\"vector-page-tools-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t</nav>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"vector-body-before-content\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\"mw-indicators\">\\n\\t\\t</div>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"siteSub\" class=\"noprint\">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"contentSub\"><div id=\"mw-content-subtitle\"></div></div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content mw-content-ltr\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">Country in Central Africa</div>\\n<p class=\"mw-empty-elt\">\\n\\n</p>\\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1066479718\">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1043282317\">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class=\"infobox ib-country vcard\"><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-above adr\"><div class=\"fn org country-name\">Republic of Burundi</div><div class=\"ib-country-names\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1126788409\">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class=\"plainlist\"><ul><li style=\"font-size:88%;\"><span title=\"Kirundi-language text\"><i lang=\"rn\">Repuburika y\\xe2\\x80\\x99Uburundi</i></span>&#160;<span class=\"languageicon\" style=\"font-size:100%; font-weight:normal\">(<a href=\"/wiki/Kirundi_language\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kirundi language\">Kirundi</a>)</span></li><li style=\"font-size:88%;\"><span title=\"French-language text\"><i lang=\"fr\">R\\xc3\\xa9publique du Burundi</i></span>&#160;<span class=\"languageicon\" style=\"font-size:100%; font-weight:normal\">(<a href=\"/wiki/French_language\" title=\"French language\">French</a>)</span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-image\"><div class=\"noresize\" style=\"display:table; width:100%;\">\\n        <div style=\"display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;\">\\n            <div style=\"padding-bottom:3px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Flag_of_Burundi.svg\" class=\"image\" title=\"Flag of Burundi\"><img alt=\"Flag of Burundi\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/125px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"125\" height=\"75\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/188px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/250px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></div>\\n            <div><a href=\"/wiki/Flag_of_Burundi\" title=\"Flag of Burundi\">Flag</a></div>\\n        </div>\\n        <div style=\"display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;\">\\n            <div style=\"padding-bottom:3px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Burundi.svg\" class=\"image\" title=\"Coat of arms of Burundi\"><img alt=\"Coat of arms of Burundi\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Coat_of_arms_of_Burundi.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Burundi.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"85\" height=\"86\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Coat_of_arms_of_Burundi.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Coat_of_arms_of_Burundi.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"278\" data-file-height=\"280\" /></a></div>\\n            <div><a href=\"/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Burundi\" title=\"Coat of arms of Burundi\"> Coat of arms</a></div>\\n        </div>\\n    </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-full-data\"><b>Motto:&#160;</b><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409\"/><div class=\"plainlist\"><ul><li><span title=\"Kirundi-language text\"><span lang=\"rn\" style=\"font-style: normal;\">\"Ubumwe, Ibikorwa, Amajambere\"</span></span>&#160;<span class=\"languageicon\" style=\"font-size:100%; font-weight:normal\">(Kirundi)</span></li><li><span title=\"French-language text\"><span lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-style: normal;\">\"Unit\\xc3\\xa9, Travail, Progr\\xc3\\xa8s\"</span></span>&#160;<span class=\"languageicon\" style=\"font-size:100%; font-weight:normal\">(French)</span></li><li><span title=\"English-language text\"><span lang=\"en\" style=\"font-style: normal;\">\"Union, Work, Progress\"</span></span>&#160;<span class=\"languageicon\" style=\"font-size:100%; font-weight:normal\">(English)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-full-data anthem\"><b>Anthem:</b>&#160;<span title=\"Kirundi-language text\"><i lang=\"rn\"><a href=\"/wiki/Burundi_Bwacu\" title=\"Burundi Bwacu\">Burundi Bwacu</a></i></span>&#160;<span class=\"languageicon\" style=\"font-size:100%; font-weight:normal\">(Kirundi)</span><br /><span style=\"font-size:85%;\"><i>Our Burundi</i></span><br /> <div class=\"center\" style=\"width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\"></div> <audio id=\"mwe_player_0\" controls=\"\" preload=\"none\" width=\"220\" style=\"width:220px;\" data-durationhint=\"110\" data-mwtitle=\"Burundi_Bwacu_instrumental.ogg\" data-mwprovider=\"wikimediacommons\"><source src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Burundi_Bwacu_instrumental.ogg\" type=\"audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;vorbis&quot;\" data-title=\"Original Ogg file (104 kbps)\" data-shorttitle=\"Ogg source\" data-width=\"0\" data-height=\"0\" data-bandwidth=\"103819\" /></audio></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-full-data\"><div class=\"switcher-container\"><div><a href=\"/wiki/File:Burundi_(orthographic_projection).svg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Burundi (orthographic projection).svg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Burundi_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Burundi_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Burundi_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Burundi_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Burundi_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Burundi_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"550\" data-file-height=\"550\" /></a><span class=\"switcher-label\" style=\"display:none\" data-switcher-default=\"\">Show globe</span></div><div><a href=\"/wiki/File:Location_Burundi_AU_Africa.svg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Location Burundi AU Africa.svg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_Burundi_AU_Africa.svg/250px-Location_Burundi_AU_Africa.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_Burundi_AU_Africa.svg/375px-Location_Burundi_AU_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_Burundi_AU_Africa.svg/500px-Location_Burundi_AU_Africa.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1400\" data-file-height=\"1300\" /></a><span class=\"switcher-label\" style=\"display:none\">Show map of Africa</span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Capital</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Gitega\" title=\"Gitega\">Gitega</a> (political)\\n<a href=\"/wiki/Bujumbura\" title=\"Bujumbura\">Bujumbura</a> (economic)<sup id=\"cite_ref-central_cities_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-central_cities-1\">&#91;a&#93;</a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1073938472\">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class=\"plainlinks nourlexpansion\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Burundi&amp;params=3_30_S_30_00_E_type:city\"><span class=\"geo-default\"><span class=\"geo-dms\" title=\"Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location\"><span class=\"latitude\">3\\xc2\\xb030\\xe2\\x80\\xb2S</span> <span class=\"longitude\">30\\xc2\\xb000\\xe2\\x80\\xb2E</span></span></span><span class=\"geo-multi-punct\">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class=\"geo-nondefault\"><span class=\"geo-dec\" title=\"Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location\">3.500\\xc2\\xb0S 30.000\\xc2\\xb0E</span><span style=\"display:none\">&#xfeff; / <span class=\"geo\">-3.500; 30.000</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedbottomrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Largest city</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Bujumbura\" title=\"Bujumbura\">Bujumbura</a><sup id=\"cite_ref-central_cities_1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-central_cities-1\">&#91;a&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Official languages</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409\"/><div class=\"plainlist\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kirundi\" title=\"Kirundi\">Kirundi</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/French_language\" title=\"French language\">French</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/English_language\" title=\"English language\">English</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Ethnic_group\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Ethnic group\">Ethnic&#160;groups</a> <div class=\"ib-country-ethnic\"> (2018<sup id=\"cite_ref-Central_Intelligence_Agency_2018_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Central_Intelligence_Agency_2018-2\">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>)</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409\"/><div class=\"plainlist\"><ul><li>85% <a href=\"/wiki/Hutu\" title=\"Hutu\">Hutu</a></li><li>14% <a href=\"/wiki/Tutsi\" title=\"Tutsi\">Tutsi</a></li><li>1% <a href=\"/wiki/Twa\" title=\"Twa\">Twa</a></li><li>~3,000 Europeans</li><li><span class=\"nowrap\">~2,000 South Asians</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Religion <div class=\"ib-country-religion\"> (2020)<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup></div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409\"/><div class=\"plainlist\"><ul><li style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">93.4% <a href=\"/wiki/Christianity\" title=\"Christianity\">Christianity</a></li><li style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">\\xe2\\x80\\x9463.7% <a href=\"/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Burundi\" title=\"Catholic Church in Burundi\">Roman Catholic</a></li><li style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">\\xe2\\x80\\x9425.2% <a href=\"/wiki/Protestant\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Protestant\">Protestant</a></li><li style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">\\xe2\\x80\\x944.5% Other <a href=\"/wiki/Christian\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Christian\">Christian</a></li><li style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">4.3% <a href=\"/wiki/African_Traditional_Religion\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"African Traditional Religion\">Traditional faiths</a></li><li style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">2.1% <a href=\"/wiki/Islam_in_Burundi\" title=\"Islam in Burundi\">Islam</a></li><li style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">0.2% <a href=\"/wiki/Religion_in_Burundi\" title=\"Religion in Burundi\">Others</a> / <a href=\"/wiki/Irreligion\" title=\"Irreligion\">None</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Demonym\" title=\"Demonym\">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409\"/><div class=\"plainlist\"><ul><li><span class=\"nowrap\">Burundian <span style=\"font-size:85%;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/Singular_(grammatical_number)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Singular (grammatical number)\">singular</a>)</span></span></li><li>Burundians <span style=\"font-size:85%;\">(plural)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Politics_of_Burundi\" title=\"Politics of Burundi\">Government</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Unitary_state\" title=\"Unitary state\">Unitary</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Dominant-party_system\" title=\"Dominant-party system\">dominant-party</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Presidential_system\" title=\"Presidential system\">presidential</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Republic\" title=\"Republic\">republic</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-full-data\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718\"/></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div style=\"text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Burundi\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"List of Presidents of Burundi\">President</a> </div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89variste_Ndayishimiye\" title=\"\\xc3\\x89variste Ndayishimiye\">\\xc3\\x89variste Ndayishimiye</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div style=\"text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Vice_President_of_Burundi\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Vice President of Burundi\">Vice President</a> </div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Prosper_Bazombanza\" title=\"Prosper Bazombanza\">Prosper Bazombanza</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div style=\"text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burundi\" title=\"Prime Minister of Burundi\">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Gervais_Ndirakobuca\" title=\"Gervais Ndirakobuca\">Gervais Ndirakobuca</a></td></tr><tr style=\"display:none\"><td colspan=\"2\">\\n</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Legislature</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Parliament_of_Burundi\" title=\"Parliament of Burundi\">Parliament</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div class=\"ib-country-fake-li\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Upper_house\" title=\"Upper house\">Upper house</a></div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Senate_(Burundi)\" title=\"Senate (Burundi)\">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedbottomrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div class=\"ib-country-fake-li\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Lower_house\" title=\"Lower house\">Lower house</a></div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/National_Assembly_(Burundi)\" title=\"National Assembly (Burundi)\">National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-header\"><a href=\"/wiki/History_of_Burundi\" title=\"History of Burundi\">Establishment history</a></th></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-full-data\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718\"/></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div style=\"text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi\" title=\"Kingdom of Burundi\">Kingdom</a><sup id=\"cite_ref-auto_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-auto-4\">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> </div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">1680\\xe2\\x80\\x931966</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div style=\"text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;Part of <a href=\"/wiki/German_East_Africa\" title=\"German East Africa\">German East Africa</a> </div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">1890\\xe2\\x80\\x931916</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div style=\"text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;Part of <a href=\"/wiki/Ruanda-Urundi\" title=\"Ruanda-Urundi\">Ruanda-Urundi</a> </div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">1916\\xe2\\x80\\x931962</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div style=\"text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;Independence from Belgium </div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">1 July 1962</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div style=\"text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;Republic </div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">28 November 1966</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div style=\"text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Constitution_of_Burundi\" title=\"Constitution of Burundi\">Current constitution</a> </div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">17 May 2018</td></tr><tr style=\"display:none\"><td colspan=\"2\">\\n</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-header\"><a href=\"/wiki/Geography_of_Burundi\" title=\"Geography of Burundi\">Area </a></th></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div class=\"ib-country-fake-li\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;Total</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">27,834&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (10,747&#160;sq&#160;mi)<sup id=\"cite_ref-ISTEEBU_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ISTEEBU-5\">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>&#32;(<a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area\" title=\"List of countries and dependencies by area\">142nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedbottomrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div class=\"ib-country-fake-li\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;Water&#160;(%)</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">10<sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-header\"><a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Burundi\" title=\"Demographics of Burundi\">Population</a></th></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div class=\"ib-country-fake-li\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;2022 estimate</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">12,574,571 <sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup>&#32;(<a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population\" title=\"List of countries and dependencies by population\">77th</a>)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div class=\"ib-country-fake-li\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;2008&#160;census</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">8,053,574<sup id=\"cite_ref-ISTEEBU_5-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ISTEEBU-5\">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedbottomrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div class=\"ib-country-fake-li\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;Density</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">401.6/km<sup>2</sup> (1,040.1/sq&#160;mi)&#32;(<a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density\" title=\"List of countries and dependencies by population density\">20th</a>)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Gross_domestic_product\" title=\"Gross domestic product\">GDP</a>&#160;<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r886047488\">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class=\"nobold\">(<a href=\"/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity\" title=\"Purchasing power parity\">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">2022&#160;estimate</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div class=\"ib-country-fake-li\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;Total</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><img alt=\"Increase\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Increase\" width=\"11\" height=\"11\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"300\" />$10.8 billion <sup id=\"cite_ref-imf.org_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-imf.org-8\">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>&#32;(<a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)\" title=\"List of countries by GDP (PPP)\">164th</a>)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedbottomrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div class=\"ib-country-fake-li\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;Per capita</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><img alt=\"Increase\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Increase\" width=\"11\" height=\"11\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"300\" /> $865 <sup id=\"cite_ref-imf.org_8-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-imf.org-8\">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>&#32;(<a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita\" title=\"List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita\">193th</a>)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Gross_domestic_product\" title=\"Gross domestic product\">GDP</a>&#160;<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\"/><span class=\"nobold\">(nominal)</span></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">2022&#160;estimate</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div class=\"ib-country-fake-li\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;Total</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><img alt=\"Increase\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Increase\" width=\"11\" height=\"11\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"300\" />$3.6 billion <sup id=\"cite_ref-imf.org_8-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-imf.org-8\">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>&#32;(<a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)\" title=\"List of countries by GDP (nominal)\">173th</a>)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedbottomrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div class=\"ib-country-fake-li\">\\xe2\\x80\\xa2&#160;Per capita</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><img alt=\"Increase\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Increase\" width=\"11\" height=\"11\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"300\" />$292<sup id=\"cite_ref-imf.org_8-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-imf.org-8\">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>&#32;(<a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita\" title=\"List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita\">192th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Gini_coefficient\" title=\"Gini coefficient\">Gini</a>&#160;<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\"/><span class=\"nobold\">(2013)</span></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">39.2<sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup><br /><span class=\"nowrap\"><span style=\"color:orange\">medium</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Human_Development_Index\" title=\"Human Development Index\">HDI</a>&#160;<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\"/><span class=\"nobold\">(2021)</span></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><img alt=\"Increase\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Increase\" width=\"11\" height=\"11\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"300\" />&#160;0.426<sup id=\"cite_ref-UNHDR_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-UNHDR-10\">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup><br /><span class=\"nowrap\"><span style=\"color:red\">low</span></span>&#160;\\xc2\\xb7&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index\" title=\"List of countries by Human Development Index\">187th</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Currency</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_franc\" title=\"Burundian franc\">Burundian franc</a> (FBu) (<a href=\"/wiki/ISO_4217\" title=\"ISO 4217\">BIF</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Time zone</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><span class=\"nowrap\"><a href=\"/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time\" title=\"Coordinated Universal Time\">UTC</a>+2</span> (<a href=\"/wiki/Central_Africa_Time\" title=\"Central Africa Time\">CAT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Date format</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">dd/mm/yyyy</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic\" title=\"Left- and right-hand traffic\">Driving side</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">right</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Burundi\" title=\"Telephone numbers in Burundi\">Calling code</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/%2B257\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"+257\">+257</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/ISO_3166\" title=\"ISO 3166\">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/ISO_3166-2:BI\" title=\"ISO 3166-2:BI\">BI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain\" title=\"Country code top-level domain\">Internet TLD</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/.bi\" title=\".bi\">.bi</a></td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><b>Burundi</b> (<span class=\"rt-commentedText nowrap\"><span class=\"IPA nopopups noexcerpt\" lang=\"en-fonipa\"><a href=\"/wiki/Help:IPA/English\" title=\"Help:IPA/English\">/<span style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted\"><span title=\"&#39;b&#39; in &#39;buy&#39;\">b</span><span title=\"/\\xc9\\x99/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;about&#39;\">\\xc9\\x99</span><span title=\"/\\xcb\\x88/: primary stress follows\">\\xcb\\x88</span><span title=\"&#39;r&#39; in &#39;rye&#39;\">r</span><span title=\"/\\xca\\x8a/: &#39;u&#39; in &#39;push&#39;\">\\xca\\x8a</span><span title=\"&#39;n&#39; in &#39;nigh&#39;\">n</span><span title=\"&#39;d&#39; in &#39;dye&#39;\">d</span><span title=\"/i/: &#39;y&#39; in &#39;happy&#39;\">i</span></span>/</a></span>&#32;<span class=\"nowrap\" style=\"font-size:85%\">(<span class=\"unicode haudio\"><span class=\"fn\"><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:En-Burundi-pronunciation.ogg\" title=\"About this sound\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"11\" height=\"11\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" /></a></span><a href=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-Burundi-pronunciation.ogg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"En-Burundi-pronunciation.ogg\">listen</a></span></span>)</span></span>, <span class=\"rt-commentedText nowrap\"><span class=\"IPA nopopups noexcerpt\" lang=\"en-fonipa\"><a href=\"/wiki/Help:IPA/English\" title=\"Help:IPA/English\">/-<span style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted\"><span title=\"/\\xcb\\x88/: primary stress follows\">\\xcb\\x88</span><span title=\"&#39;r&#39; in &#39;rye&#39;\">r</span><span title=\"/\\xca\\x8c/: &#39;u&#39; in &#39;cut&#39;\">\\xca\\x8c</span><span title=\"&#39;n&#39; in &#39;nigh&#39;\">n</span></span>-/</a></span></span>), officially the <b>Republic of Burundi</b> (<a href=\"/wiki/Kirundi_language\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kirundi language\">Kirundi</a>: <i lang=\"rn\">Repuburika y\\xe2\\x80\\x99Uburundi</i><sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup> <small></small><span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\" class=\"IPA\" lang=\"rw-Latn-fonipa\"><a href=\"/wiki/Help:IPA\" title=\"Help:IPA\">[u.\\xce\\xb2u.\\xc9\\xbe\\xc7\\x94\\xcb\\x90.ndi]</a></span>; <a href=\"/wiki/Swahili_language\" title=\"Swahili language\">Swahili</a>: <i>Jamuhuri ya Burundi</i>; <a href=\"/wiki/French_language\" title=\"French language\">French</a>: <i>R\\xc3\\xa9publique du Burundi</i> <small></small><span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\" class=\"IPA\" lang=\"fr-Latn-fonipa\"><a href=\"/wiki/Help:IPA/French\" title=\"Help:IPA/French\">[bu\\xca\\x81undi, by\\xca\\x81yndi]</a></span>), is a <a href=\"/wiki/Landlocked_country\" title=\"Landlocked country\">landlocked country</a> in the <a href=\"/wiki/Great_Rift_Valley\" title=\"Great Rift Valley\">Great Rift Valley</a> at the junction between the <a href=\"/wiki/African_Great_Lakes\" title=\"African Great Lakes\">African Great Lakes</a> region and <a href=\"/wiki/East_Africa\" title=\"East Africa\">East Africa</a>. It is bordered by <a href=\"/wiki/Rwanda\" title=\"Rwanda\">Rwanda</a> to the north, <a href=\"/wiki/Tanzania\" title=\"Tanzania\">Tanzania</a> to the east and southeast, and the <a href=\"/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" title=\"Democratic Republic of the Congo\">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> to the west; <a href=\"/wiki/Lake_Tanganyika\" title=\"Lake Tanganyika\">Lake Tanganyika</a> lies along its southwestern border. The capital cities are <a href=\"/wiki/Gitega\" title=\"Gitega\">Gitega</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Bujumbura\" title=\"Bujumbura\">Bujumbura</a>, the latter being the country\\'s largest city.<sup id=\"cite_ref-capital-change_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-capital-change-12\">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The <a href=\"/wiki/Great_Lakes_Twa\" title=\"Great Lakes Twa\">Twa</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Hutu\" title=\"Hutu\">Hutu</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Tutsi\" title=\"Tutsi\">Tutsi</a> peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent <a href=\"/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi\" title=\"Kingdom of Burundi\">kingdom</a>, until the beginning of the 20th century, when it became a German colony.<sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup> After the <a href=\"/wiki/First_World_War\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"First World War\">First World War</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%9319\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"German Revolution of 1918\\xe2\\x80\\x9319\">Germany\\'s defeat</a>, the <a href=\"/wiki/League_of_Nations\" title=\"League of Nations\">League of Nations</a> \"mandated\" the territory to Belgium. After the <a href=\"/wiki/Second_World_War\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Second World War\">Second World War</a>, this transformed into a <a href=\"/wiki/United_Nations\" title=\"United Nations\">United Nations</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Trust_Territory\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Trust Territory\">Trust Territory</a>. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as <a href=\"/wiki/Ruanda-Urundi\" title=\"Ruanda-Urundi\">Ruanda-Urundi</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-EBArchived_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-EBArchived-14\">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonization of Africa.<sup id=\"cite_ref-EBArchived_14-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-EBArchived-14\">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Burundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a <a href=\"/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi\" title=\"Kingdom of Burundi\">monarchy</a>, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of <a href=\"/wiki/Congo_Crisis\" title=\"Congo Crisis\">regional instability</a> culminated in the establishment of a republic and a one-party state in 1966. Bouts of <a href=\"/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing\" title=\"Ethnic cleansing\">ethnic cleansing</a> and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the <a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_genocide_(1972)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Burundian genocide (1972)\">1970s</a> and again in the <a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_Civil_War\" title=\"Burundian Civil War\">1990s</a> resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths, leaving the <a href=\"/wiki/Developing_country\" title=\"Developing country\">economy undeveloped</a> and the population one of the <a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita\" title=\"List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita\">world\\'s poorest</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-xlix_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-xlix-15\">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup> The year 2015 witnessed <a href=\"/wiki/2015_Burundian_unrest\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"2015 Burundian unrest\">large-scale political strife</a> as President <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Nkurunziza\" title=\"Pierre Nkurunziza\">Pierre Nkurunziza</a> opted to run for a third term in office, a <a href=\"/wiki/2015_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt\" title=\"2015 Burundian coup d&#39;\\xc3\\xa9tat attempt\">coup attempt failed</a> and the country\\'s <a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_legislative_election,_2015\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Burundian legislative election, 2015\">parliamentary</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_presidential_election,_2015\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Burundian presidential election, 2015\">presidential</a> elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.\\n</p><p>The <a href=\"/wiki/Sovereign_state\" title=\"Sovereign state\">sovereign state</a> of Burundi\\'s political system is that of a <a href=\"/wiki/Presidential_system\" title=\"Presidential system\">presidential</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Representative_democracy\" title=\"Representative democracy\">representative democratic</a> republic based upon a multi-party state. The president of Burundi is the <a href=\"/wiki/Head_of_state\" title=\"Head of state\">head of state</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Head_of_government\" title=\"Head of government\">head of government</a>. There are currently 21 <a href=\"/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Burundi\" title=\"List of political parties in Burundi\">registered parties in Burundi</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-state_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-state-16\">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> On 13 March 1992, Tutsi coup leader <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Buyoya\" title=\"Pierre Buyoya\">Pierre Buyoya</a> established a constitution,<sup id=\"cite_ref-autogenerated8_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-autogenerated8-17\">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup> which provided for a multi-party political process and reflected multi-party competition.<sup id=\"cite_ref-PH_18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PH-18\">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup> Six years later, on 6 June 1998, the constitution was changed, broadening the <a href=\"/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Burundi\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"National Assembly of Burundi\">National Assembly</a>\\'s seats and making provisions for two vice-presidents. Because of the <a href=\"/wiki/Arusha_Accords_(Burundi)\" title=\"Arusha Accords (Burundi)\">Arusha Accord</a>, Burundi enacted a transitional government in 2000.<sup id=\"cite_ref-unburundi_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-unburundi-19\">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> In October 2016, Burundi informed the UN of its intention to withdraw from the <a href=\"/wiki/International_Criminal_Court\" title=\"International Criminal Court\">International Criminal Court</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Burundi remains primarily a rural society, with just 13.4% of the population living in urban areas in 2019.<sup id=\"cite_ref-cia_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cia-21\">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup> The population density of around 315 people per square kilometre (753 per sq&#160;mi) is the second highest in <a href=\"/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa\" title=\"Sub-Saharan Africa\">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-state_16-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-state-16\">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> Roughly 85% of the population are of <a href=\"/wiki/Hutu\" title=\"Hutu\">Hutu</a> ethnic origin, 15% are <a href=\"/wiki/Tutsi\" title=\"Tutsi\">Tutsi</a>, and fewer than 1% are indigenous <a href=\"/wiki/Twa\" title=\"Twa\">Twa</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-autogenerated3_22-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-autogenerated3-22\">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup> The <a href=\"/wiki/Official_language\" title=\"Official language\">official languages</a> of Burundi are <a href=\"/wiki/Kirundi_language\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kirundi language\">Kirundi</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/French_language\" title=\"French language\">French</a>, and English, Kirundi being recognised officially as the sole national language.<sup id=\"cite_ref-official_23-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-official-23\">&#91;22&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>One of the smallest countries in Africa, Burundi\\'s land is used mostly for subsistence agriculture and grazing, which has led to <a href=\"/wiki/Deforestation\" title=\"Deforestation\">deforestation</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Soil_erosion\" title=\"Soil erosion\">soil erosion</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Habitat_loss\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Habitat loss\">habitat loss</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-autogenerated4_24-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-autogenerated4-24\">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup> As of 2005<sup class=\"plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update\" style=\"display:none;\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit\">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, the country was almost completely deforested, with less than 6% of its land covered by trees and over half of that being commercial plantations.<sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-25\">&#91;24&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Burundi is the poorest country in the world according to <a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita\" title=\"List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita\">gross domestic product (GDP) per capita</a>, with $292 in 2022, and a <a href=\"/wiki/Least_developed_countries\" title=\"Least developed countries\">least developed country</a>, facing widespread <a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_percentage_of_population_living_in_poverty\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty\">poverty</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index\" title=\"Corruption Perceptions Index\">corruption</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index\" title=\"List of countries by Fragile States Index\">instability</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Democracy_Index\" title=\"Democracy Index\">authoritarianism</a>, and <a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_literacy_rate\" title=\"List of countries by literacy rate\">illiteracy</a>.\\n</p><p>Burundi is densely populated, and many young people emigrate in search of opportunities elsewhere. The <a href=\"/wiki/World_Happiness_Report\" title=\"World Happiness Report\">World Happiness Report</a> 2018 ranked the country as the world\\'s least happy with a rank of 156.<sup id=\"cite_ref-auto1_26-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-auto1-26\">&#91;25&#93;</a></sup> Burundi is a member of the <a href=\"/wiki/African_Union\" title=\"African Union\">African Union</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa\" title=\"Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa\">Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/United_Nations\" title=\"United Nations\">United Nations</a> and the <a href=\"/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement\" title=\"Non-Aligned Movement\">Non-Aligned Movement</a>.\\n</p>\\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp/toc\" />\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Etymology\">Etymology</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Etymology\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<p>Modern Burundi is named after the <a href=\"/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi\" title=\"Kingdom of Burundi\">King of Burundi</a>, who ruled the region starting in the 16th century. It may ultimately derive its name from the <a href=\"/wiki/Ha_people\" title=\"Ha people\">Ha people</a> of the region, whose place of origin was known as Buha.<sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-27\">&#91;26&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"History\">History</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Edit section: History\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1033289096\">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main articles: <a href=\"/wiki/History_of_Burundi\" title=\"History of Burundi\">History of Burundi</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Ruanda-Urundi\" title=\"Ruanda-Urundi\">Ruanda-Urundi</a></div>\\n<p>Burundi is one of the few countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, along with its neighbour Rwanda among others (such as <a href=\"/wiki/Botswana\" title=\"Botswana\">Botswana</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Lesotho\" title=\"Lesotho\">Lesotho</a>, and <a href=\"/wiki/Eswatini\" title=\"Eswatini\">Eswatini</a>), to be a direct territorial continuation of a pre-colonial era African state. The early history of Burundi, and especially the role and nature of the country\\'s three dominant ethnic groups, the Twa, Hutu and Tutsi, is highly debated amongst academics.<sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-28\">&#91;27&#93;</a></sup> However, it is important to note that the nature of culture and ethnic groups is always fluid and changing. While populations might have migrated to the area at different times and as distinctly different ethnic groups, the current distinctions are considered by some to be socio-cultural constructs. Initially the different ethnic groups lived together in relative peace. The first conflicts between ethnic groups can be dated back to the 17th century, when land was becoming ever more scarce because of the continuous growth in population.\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Kingdom_of_Burundi\">Kingdom of Burundi</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Edit section: Kingdom of Burundi\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi\" title=\"Kingdom of Burundi\">Kingdom of Burundi</a></div>\\n<p>The first evidence of the Burundian state dates back to the late 16th century where it emerged on the eastern foothills. Over the following centuries it expanded, annexing smaller neighbours.\\nThe Kingdom of Burundi, or Urundi, in the Great Lakes region was a polity ruled by a traditional monarch with several princes beneath him; succession struggles were common.<sup id=\"cite_ref-auto_4-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-auto-4\">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> The king, known as the <i>mwami</i> (translated as ruler) headed a princely aristocracy (<i>ganwa</i>) which owned most of the land and required a tribute, or tax, from local farmers (mainly Hutu) and herders (mainly Tutsi). The Kingdom of Burundi was characterised by a hierarchical political authority and tributary economic exchange.<sup id=\"cite_ref-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-29\">&#91;28&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>In the mid-18th century, the Tutsi royalty consolidated authority over land, production, and distribution with the development of the ubugabire\\xe2\\x80\\x94a patron-client relationship in which the populace received royal protection in exchange for tribute and land tenure. By this time, the royal court was made up of the Tutsi-Banyaruguru. They had higher social status than other pastoralists such as the Tutsi-Hima. In the lower levels of this society were generally Hutu people, and at the very bottom of the pyramid were the Twa. The system had some fluidity, however. Some Hutu people belonged to the nobility and in this way also had a say in the functioning of the state.<sup id=\"cite_ref-30\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-30\">&#91;29&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The classification of Hutu or Tutsi was not merely based on ethnic criteria alone. Hutu farmers that managed to acquire wealth and livestock were regularly granted the higher social status of Tutsi, some even made it to become close advisors of the <i>Ganwa</i>. On the other hand, there are also reports of Tutsi that lost all their cattle and subsequently lost their higher status and were called Hutu. Thus, the distinction between Hutu and Tutsi was also a socio-cultural concept, instead of a purely ethnic one.<sup id=\"cite_ref-31\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-31\">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-weissman_32-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-weissman-32\">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup> There were also many reports of marriages between Hutu and Tutsi people.<sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-33\">&#91;32&#93;</a></sup> In general, regional ties and power struggles played a far more determining role in Burundi\\'s politics than ethnicity.<sup id=\"cite_ref-weissman_32-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-weissman-32\">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Rule_by_European_powers\">Rule by European powers</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Edit section: Rule by European powers\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main articles: <a href=\"/wiki/German_East_Africa\" title=\"German East Africa\">German East Africa</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Ruanda-Urundi\" title=\"Ruanda-Urundi\">Ruanda-Urundi</a></div>\\n<p>From 1884, the <a href=\"/wiki/German_East_Africa_Company\" title=\"German East Africa Company\">German East Africa Company</a> was active in the African Great Lakes region. As a result of heightened tensions and border disputes between the German East Africa Company, the <a href=\"/wiki/British_Empire\" title=\"British Empire\">British Empire</a> and the <a href=\"/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar\" title=\"Sultanate of Zanzibar\">Sultanate of Zanzibar</a>, the <a href=\"/wiki/German_Empire\" title=\"German Empire\">German Empire</a> was called upon to put down the <a href=\"/wiki/Abushiri_revolt\" title=\"Abushiri revolt\">Abushiri revolts</a> and protect the empire\\'s interests in the region. The German East Africa Company transferred its rights to the German Empire in 1891, in this way establishing the German colony of <a href=\"/wiki/German_East_Africa\" title=\"German East Africa\">German East Africa</a>, which included Burundi (Urundi), Rwanda (Ruanda), and the mainland part of <a href=\"/wiki/Tanzania\" title=\"Tanzania\">Tanzania</a> (formerly known as <a href=\"/wiki/Tanganyika_(territory)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Tanganyika (territory)\">Tanganyika</a>).<sup id=\"cite_ref-EBArchived_14-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-EBArchived-14\">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> The German Empire stationed armed forces in Rwanda and Burundi during the late 1880s. The location of the present-day city of <a href=\"/wiki/Gitega\" title=\"Gitega\">Gitega</a> served as an administrative centre for the Ruanda-Urundi region.<sup id=\"cite_ref-34\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-34\">&#91;33&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>During the <a href=\"/wiki/World_War_I\" title=\"World War I\">First World War</a>, the <a href=\"/wiki/East_African_Campaign_(World_War_I)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"East African Campaign (World War I)\">East African Campaign</a> greatly affected the African Great Lakes region. The <a href=\"/wiki/Belgian_Congo\" title=\"Belgian Congo\">Belgian</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/British_Empire\" title=\"British Empire\">British</a> colonial forces of the <a href=\"/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I\" title=\"Allies of World War I\">allied powers</a> launched a <a href=\"/wiki/Tabora_offensive\" title=\"Tabora offensive\">coordinated attack</a> on the German colony. The German army stationed in Burundi was forced to retreat by the numerical superiority of the Belgian army and by 17 June 1916, Burundi and Rwanda were occupied. The <a href=\"/wiki/Force_Publique\" title=\"Force Publique\">Force Publique</a> and the British <a href=\"/wiki/Lake_Force\" title=\"Lake Force\">Lake Force</a> then started a thrust to capture <a href=\"/wiki/Tabora\" title=\"Tabora\">Tabora</a>, an administrative centre of central German East Africa. After the war, as outlined in the <a href=\"/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles\" title=\"Treaty of Versailles\">Treaty of Versailles</a>, Germany was forced to cede \"control\" of the Western section of the former German East Africa to Belgium.<sup id=\"cite_ref-state_16-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-state-16\">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-35\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-35\">&#91;34&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>On 20 October 1924, <a href=\"/wiki/Ruanda-Urundi\" title=\"Ruanda-Urundi\">Ruanda-Urundi</a>, which consisted of modern-day Rwanda and Burundi, became a Belgian <a href=\"/wiki/League_of_Nations\" title=\"League of Nations\">League of Nations</a> <a href=\"/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate\" title=\"League of Nations mandate\">mandate territory</a>, with <a href=\"/wiki/Bujumbura\" title=\"Bujumbura\">Usumbura</a> as its capital. In practical terms it was considered part of the <a href=\"/wiki/Belgian_colonial_empire\" title=\"Belgian colonial empire\">Belgian colonial empire</a>. Burundi, as part of Ruanda-Urundi, continued its kingship <a href=\"/wiki/Dynasty\" title=\"Dynasty\">dynasty</a> despite the presence of European authorities.<sup id=\"cite_ref-cia_21-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cia-21\">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-wein5_36-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-wein5-36\">&#91;35&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The Belgians, however, preserved many of the kingdom\\'s institutions; the Burundian monarchy succeeded in surviving into the post-colonial period.<sup id=\"cite_ref-auto_4-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-auto-4\">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> Following the <a href=\"/wiki/Second_World_War\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Second World War\">Second World War</a>, Ruanda-Urundi was classified as a <a href=\"/wiki/United_Nations_Trust_Territory\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"United Nations Trust Territory\">United Nations Trust Territory</a> under Belgian administrative authority.<sup id=\"cite_ref-cia_21-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cia-21\">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup> During the 1940s, a series of policies caused divisions throughout the country. On 4 October 1943, powers were split in the legislative division of Burundi\\'s government between chiefdoms and lower chiefdoms. Chiefdoms were in charge of land, and lower sub-chiefdoms were established. Native authorities also had powers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-wein5_36-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-wein5-36\">&#91;35&#93;</a></sup> In 1948, Belgium allowed the region to form <a href=\"/wiki/Political_parties\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Political parties\">political parties</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-state_16-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-state-16\">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> These factions contributed to Burundi gaining its independence from Belgium, on 1 July 1962.\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Independence\">Independence</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Edit section: Independence\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Flag_of_Burundi_(1962%E2%80%931966).svg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"flag white saltire cross on green and red background with plant in centre white rondel\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Burundi_%281962%E2%80%931966%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Burundi_%281962%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"147\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Burundi_%281962%E2%80%931966%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Burundi_%281962%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Burundi_%281962%E2%80%931966%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_Burundi_%281962%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Flag_of_Burundi_(1962%E2%80%931966).svg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Flag of the <a href=\"/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi\" title=\"Kingdom of Burundi\">Kingdom of Burundi</a> (1962\\xe2\\x80\\x931966).</div></div></div>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Plaza_de_la_Independencia.JPG\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"flag sign at flagpole and raised plaza\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Plaza_de_la_Independencia.JPG/220px-Plaza_de_la_Independencia.JPG\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"165\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Plaza_de_la_Independencia.JPG/330px-Plaza_de_la_Independencia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Plaza_de_la_Independencia.JPG/440px-Plaza_de_la_Independencia.JPG 2x\" data-file-width=\"3072\" data-file-height=\"2304\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Plaza_de_la_Independencia.JPG\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Independence Square and monument in Bujumbura.</div></div></div>\\n<p>On 20 January 1959, Burundi\\'s ruler <a href=\"/wiki/Mwambutsa_IV_Bangiriceng_of_Burundi\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng of Burundi\">Mwami Mwambutsa IV</a> requested Burundi\\'s independence from Belgium and dissolution of the Ruanda-Urundi union.<sup id=\"cite_ref-wein7_37-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-wein7-37\">&#91;36&#93;</a></sup> In the following months, Burundian political parties began to advocate for the end of Belgian colonial rule and the separation of Rwanda and Burundi.<sup id=\"cite_ref-wein7_37-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-wein7-37\">&#91;36&#93;</a></sup> The first and largest of these political parties was the <a href=\"/wiki/Union_for_National_Progress\" title=\"Union for National Progress\">Union for National Progress</a> (UPRONA).\\n</p><p>Burundi\\'s push for independence was influenced by the <a href=\"/wiki/Rwandan_Revolution\" title=\"Rwandan Revolution\">Rwandan Revolution</a> and the accompanying instability and ethnic conflict that occurred there. As a result of the Rwandan Revolution, many Rwandan Tutsi refugees arrived in Burundi during the period from 1959 to 1961.<sup id=\"cite_ref-people60_38-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-people60-38\">&#91;37&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_39-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-39\">&#91;38&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-40\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-40\">&#91;39&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Burundi\\'s first <a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_legislative_election,_1961\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Burundian legislative election, 1961\">elections</a> took place on 8 September 1961 and UPRONA, a multi-ethnic unity party led by <a href=\"/wiki/Prince_Louis_Rwagasore\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Prince Louis Rwagasore\">Prince Louis Rwagasore</a> won just over 80% of the electorate\\'s votes. In the wake of the elections, on 13 October, the 29-year-old <a href=\"/wiki/Prince_Louis_Rwagasore#Assassination_in_1961\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Prince Louis Rwagasore\">Prince Rwagasore was assassinated</a>, robbing Burundi of its most popular and well-known nationalists.<sup id=\"cite_ref-state_16-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-state-16\">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-41\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-41\">&#91;40&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The country claimed independence on 1 July 1962,<sup id=\"cite_ref-state_16-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-state-16\">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> and legally changed its name from Ruanda-Urundi to Burundi.<sup id=\"cite_ref-42\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-42\">&#91;41&#93;</a></sup> Burundi became a <a href=\"/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy\" title=\"Constitutional monarchy\">constitutional monarchy</a> with Mwami Mwambutsa IV, Prince Rwagasore\\'s father, serving as the country\\'s king.<sup id=\"cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_39-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-39\">&#91;38&#93;</a></sup> On 18 September 1962 Burundi joined the <a href=\"/wiki/United_Nations\" title=\"United Nations\">United Nations</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-43\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-43\">&#91;42&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>In 1963, King Mwambutsa appointed a Hutu prime minister, <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Ngendandumwe\" title=\"Pierre Ngendandumwe\">Pierre Ngendandumwe</a>, but he was assassinated on 15 January 1965 by a Rwandan Tutsi employed by the US Embassy. The assassination occurred in the broader context of the <a href=\"/wiki/Congo_Crisis\" title=\"Congo Crisis\">Congo Crisis</a> during which <a href=\"/wiki/Western_world\" title=\"Western world\">Western</a> anti-communist countries were confronting the communist <a href=\"/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"People&#39;s Republic of China\">People\\'s Republic of China</a> as it attempted to make Burundi a logistics base for communist insurgents battling in Congo.<sup id=\"cite_ref-44\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-44\">&#91;43&#93;</a></sup> <a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_legislative_election,_1965\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Burundian legislative election, 1965\">Parliamentary elections in May 1965</a> brought a majority of Hutu into the parliament, but when King Mwambutsa appointed a Tutsi prime minister, some Hutu felt this was unjust and ethnic tensions were further increased. In October 1965, an attempted <a href=\"/wiki/1965_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"1965 Burundian coup d&#39;\\xc3\\xa9tat\">coup d\\'\\xc3\\xa9tat</a> led by the Hutu-dominated police was carried out but failed. The Tutsi dominated army, then led by Tutsi officer Captain <a href=\"/wiki/Michel_Micombero\" title=\"Michel Micombero\">Michel Micombero</a><sup id=\"cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_39-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-39\">&#91;38&#93;</a></sup> purged Hutu from their ranks and carried out reprisal attacks which ultimately claimed the lives of up to 5,000 people in a precursor to the <a href=\"/wiki/Ikiza\" title=\"Ikiza\">1972 Burundian Genocide</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-45\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-45\">&#91;44&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>King Mwambutsa, who had fled the country during the October coup of 1965, was deposed by a <a href=\"/wiki/July_1966_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" title=\"July 1966 Burundian coup d&#39;\\xc3\\xa9tat\">coup in July 1966</a> and his teenage son, <a href=\"/wiki/Ntare_V_of_Burundi\" title=\"Ntare V of Burundi\">Prince Ntare V</a>, claimed the throne. In November that same year, the Tutsi Prime Minister, then-Captain Michel Micombero, carried out another <a href=\"/wiki/November_1966_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" title=\"November 1966 Burundian coup d&#39;\\xc3\\xa9tat\">coup</a>, this time deposing Ntare, abolishing the monarchy and declaring the nation a <a href=\"/wiki/Republic\" title=\"Republic\">republic</a>, though his one-party government was effectively a <a href=\"/wiki/Military_dictatorship\" title=\"Military dictatorship\">military dictatorship</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-state_16-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-state-16\">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> As president, Micombero became an advocate of <a href=\"/wiki/African_socialism\" title=\"African socialism\">African socialism</a> and received support from the People\\'s Republic of China. He imposed a staunch regime of law and order and sharply repressed Hutu militarism.\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Civil_war_and_genocides\">Civil war and genocides</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Edit section: Civil war and genocides\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Further information: <a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_genocide_(1972)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Burundian genocide (1972)\">Burundian genocide (1972)</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_genocide_(1993)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Burundian genocide (1993)\">Burundian genocide (1993)</a></div>\\n<p>In late April 1972, two events led to the outbreak of the <a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_genocide_(1972)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Burundian genocide (1972)\">First Burundian Genocide</a>. On 27 April 1972, a rebellion led by <a href=\"/wiki/Hutu\" title=\"Hutu\">Hutu</a> members of the <a href=\"/wiki/Gendarmerie\" title=\"Gendarmerie\">gendarmerie</a> broke out in the lakeside towns of <a href=\"/wiki/Rumonge\" title=\"Rumonge\">Rumonge</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Nyanza-Lac\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Nyanza-Lac\">Nyanza-Lac</a> and the rebels declared the short-lived <a href=\"/wiki/Martyazo_Republic\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Martyazo Republic\">Martyazo Republic</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-46\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-46\">&#91;45&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-47\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-47\">&#91;46&#93;</a></sup> The rebels attacked both Tutsi and any Hutu who refused to join their rebellion.<sup id=\"cite_ref-totten1_48-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-totten1-48\">&#91;47&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-49\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-49\">&#91;48&#93;</a></sup> During this initial Hutu outbreak, anywhere from 800 to 1200 people were killed.<sup id=\"cite_ref-50\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-50\">&#91;49&#93;</a></sup> At the same time, King <a href=\"/wiki/Ntare_V_of_Burundi\" title=\"Ntare V of Burundi\">Ntare V of Burundi</a> returned from exile, heightening political tension in the country. On 29 April 1972, the 24-year-old Ntare V was murdered. In subsequent months, the Tutsi-dominated government of <a href=\"/wiki/Michel_Micombero\" title=\"Michel Micombero\">Michel Micombero</a> used the army to combat Hutu rebels and commit genocide, murdering targeted members of the Hutu majority. The total number of casualties was never established, but contemporary estimates put the number of people killed between 80,000 and 210,000.<sup id=\"cite_ref-white_51-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-white-51\">&#91;50&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-ICIBFR-85_52-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ICIBFR-85-52\">&#91;51&#93;</a></sup> In addition, several hundred thousand Hutu were estimated to have fled the killings into <a href=\"/wiki/Za%C3%AFre\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Za\\xc3\\xafre\">Za\\xc3\\xafre</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Rwanda\" title=\"Rwanda\">Rwanda</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Tanzania\" title=\"Tanzania\">Tanzania</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-ICIBFR-85_52-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ICIBFR-85-52\">&#91;51&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-53\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-53\">&#91;52&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Following the civil war and genocide, Micombero became mentally distraught and withdrawn. In 1976, Colonel <a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bagaza\" title=\"Jean-Baptiste Bagaza\">Jean-Baptiste Bagaza</a>, a Tutsi, led a <a href=\"/wiki/1976_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" title=\"1976 Burundian coup d&#39;\\xc3\\xa9tat\">bloodless coup</a> to topple Micombero and set about promoting reform. His administration drafted a new constitution in 1981, which maintained Burundi\\'s status as a <a href=\"/wiki/One-party_state\" title=\"One-party state\">one-party state</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_39-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-39\">&#91;38&#93;</a></sup> In August 1984, Bagaza was elected head of state. During his tenure, Bagaza suppressed political opponents and religious freedoms.\\n</p><p>Major <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Buyoya\" title=\"Pierre Buyoya\">Pierre Buyoya</a> (Tutsi) <a href=\"/wiki/1987_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" title=\"1987 Burundian coup d&#39;\\xc3\\xa9tat\">overthrew Bagaza in 1987</a>, suspended the constitution and dissolved political parties. He reinstated military rule by a Military Committee for National Salvation (CSMN).<sup id=\"cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_39-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-39\">&#91;38&#93;</a></sup> Anti-Tutsi ethnic propaganda disseminated by the remnants of the 1972 UBU, which had re-organized as PALIPEHUTU in 1981, led to killings of Tutsi peasants in the northern communes of <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Ntega&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Ntega (page does not exist)\">Ntega</a> and <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marangara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Marangara (page does not exist)\">Marangara</a> in August 1988. The government put the death toll at 5,000<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">&#91;<i><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)\">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>; some international NGOs believed this understated the deaths.\\n</p><p>The new regime did not unleash the harsh reprisals of 1972. Its effort to gain public trust was eroded when it decreed an <a href=\"/wiki/Amnesty\" title=\"Amnesty\">amnesty</a> for those who had called for, carried out, and taken credit for the killings. Analysts have called this period the beginning of the \"culture of impunity.\" Other analysts put the origins of the \"culture of impunity\" earlier, in 1965 and 1972, when a small number of identifiable Hutus unleashed massive killings of Tutsis.<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">&#91;<i><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)\">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>\\n</p><p>In the aftermath of the killings, a group of Hutu intellectuals wrote an open letter to <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Buyoya\" title=\"Pierre Buyoya\">Pierre Buyoya</a>, asking for more representation of the Hutu in the administration. They were arrested and jailed. A few weeks later, Buyoya appointed a new government, with an equal number of Hutu and Tutsi ministers. He appointed <a href=\"/wiki/Adrien_Sibomana\" title=\"Adrien Sibomana\">Adrien Sibomana</a> (Hutu) as Prime Minister. Buyoya also created a commission to address issues of national unity.<sup id=\"cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_39-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-39\">&#91;38&#93;</a></sup> In 1992, the government created a new constitution that provided for a multi-party system,<sup id=\"cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_39-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-39\">&#91;38&#93;</a></sup> but a <a href=\"/wiki/Civil_war\" title=\"Civil war\">civil war</a> broke out.\\n</p><p>An estimated total of 250,000 people died in Burundi from the various conflicts between 1962 and 1993.<sup id=\"cite_ref-54\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-54\">&#91;53&#93;</a></sup> \\nSince Burundi\\'s independence in 1962, two <a href=\"/wiki/Burundi_genocide_(disambiguation)\" class=\"mw-redirect mw-disambig\" title=\"Burundi genocide (disambiguation)\">genocides</a> have taken place in the country: the 1972 mass killings of Hutus by the Tutsi-dominated army,<sup id=\"cite_ref-55\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-55\">&#91;54&#93;</a></sup> and the mass killings of Tutsis in 1993 by the Hutu majority. Both were described as genocides in the final report of the International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi presented in 2002 to the <a href=\"/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council\" title=\"United Nations Security Council\">United Nations Security Council</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-ICIBFR-85-496_56-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ICIBFR-85-496-56\">&#91;55&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"First_attempt_at_democracy_and_war_between_Tutsi_National_Army_and_Hutu_population\">First attempt at democracy and war between Tutsi National Army and Hutu population</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\" title=\"Edit section: First attempt at democracy and war between Tutsi National Army and Hutu population\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<p>In June 1993, <a href=\"/wiki/Melchior_Ndadaye\" title=\"Melchior Ndadaye\">Melchior Ndadaye</a>, leader of the Hutu-dominated <a href=\"/wiki/Front_for_Democracy_in_Burundi\" title=\"Front for Democracy in Burundi\">Front for Democracy in Burundi</a> (FRODEBU), won the first democratic election. He became the first Hutu head of state, leading a pro-Hutu government. Though he attempted to smooth the country\\'s bitter ethnic divide, his reforms antagonised soldiers in the Tutsi-dominated army, and he was assassinated amidst a failed military coup in October 1993, after only three months in office. The ensuing <a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_Civil_War\" title=\"Burundian Civil War\">Burundian Civil War</a> (1993\\xe2\\x80\\x932005) saw persistent violence between Hutu rebels and the Tutsi majority army. It is estimated that some 300,000 people, mostly civilians, were killed in the years following the assassination.<sup id=\"cite_ref-57\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-57\">&#91;56&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>In early 1994, the parliament elected <a href=\"/wiki/Cyprien_Ntaryamira\" title=\"Cyprien Ntaryamira\">Cyprien Ntaryamira</a> (Hutu) to the office of president. He and <a href=\"/wiki/Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana\" title=\"Juv\\xc3\\xa9nal Habyarimana\">Juv\\xc3\\xa9nal Habyarimana</a>, the president of Rwanda, both Hutus, died together <a href=\"/wiki/Assassination_of_Habyarimana_and_Ntaryamira\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Assassination of Habyarimana and Ntaryamira\">when their aeroplane was shot down</a> in April 1994. More refugees started fleeing to Rwanda. Speaker of Parliament, <a href=\"/wiki/Sylvestre_Ntibantunganya\" title=\"Sylvestre Ntibantunganya\">Sylvestre Ntibantunganya</a> (Hutu), was appointed as president in October 1994. A coalition government involving 12 of the 13 parties was formed. A feared general massacre was averted, but violence broke out. A number of Hutu refugees in Bujumbura,<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">&#91;<i><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)\">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> the then-capital, were killed. The mainly Tutsi Union for National Progress withdrew from the government and parliament.\\n</p><p>In 1996, <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Buyoya\" title=\"Pierre Buyoya\">Pierre Buyoya</a> (Tutsi) again took power through a <a href=\"/wiki/1996_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" title=\"1996 Burundian coup d&#39;\\xc3\\xa9tat\">coup d\\'\\xc3\\xa9tat</a>. He suspended the constitution and was sworn in as president in 1998. This was the start of his second term as president, after his first term from 1987 to 1993. In response to rebel attacks, the government forced much of the population to move to <a href=\"/wiki/Refugee_camp\" title=\"Refugee camp\">refugee camps</a>.<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">&#91;<i><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)\">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> Under Buyoya\\'s rule, long peace talks started, mediated by <a href=\"/wiki/South_Africa\" title=\"South Africa\">South Africa</a>. Both parties signed agreements in <a href=\"/wiki/Arusha\" title=\"Arusha\">Arusha</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Tanzania\" title=\"Tanzania\">Tanzania</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Pretoria\" title=\"Pretoria\">Pretoria</a>, South Africa, to share power in Burundi. The agreements took four years to plan.\\n</p>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"color map of African countries showing Uganda Rwanda and Burundi backing rebels against Kabila\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg/220px-Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"208\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg/330px-Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg/440px-Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1525\" data-file-height=\"1440\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Belligerents of the <a href=\"/wiki/Second_Congo_War\" title=\"Second Congo War\">Second Congo War</a>. Burundi backed the rebels.</div></div></div>\\n<p>On 28 August 2000, a transitional government for Burundi was planned as a part of the Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement. The transitional government was placed on a trial basis for five years. After several aborted cease-fires, a 2001 peace plan and power-sharing agreement has been relatively successful. A cease-fire was signed in 2003 between the Tutsi-controlled Burundian government and the largest Hutu rebel group, CNDD-FDD (National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy).<sup id=\"cite_ref-58\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-58\">&#91;57&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>In 2003, FRODEBU leader <a href=\"/wiki/Domitien_Ndayizeye\" title=\"Domitien Ndayizeye\">Domitien Ndayizeye</a> (Hutu) was elected president.<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">&#91;<i><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)\">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> In early 2005, ethnic quotas were formed for determining positions in Burundi\\'s government. Throughout the year, elections for parliament and president occurred.<sup id=\"cite_ref-59\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-59\">&#91;58&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p><a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Nkurunziza\" title=\"Pierre Nkurunziza\">Pierre Nkurunziza</a> (Hutu), once a leader of a rebel group, was elected president in 2005. As of 2008<sup class=\"plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update\" style=\"display:none;\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit\">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, the Burundian government was talking with the Hutu-led Palipehutu-National Liberation Forces (NLF)<sup id=\"cite_ref-60\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-60\">&#91;59&#93;</a></sup> to bring peace to the country.<sup id=\"cite_ref-61\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-61\">&#91;60&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Peace_agreements\">Peace agreements</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\" title=\"Edit section: Peace agreements\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<p>African leaders began a series of peace talks between the warring factions following a request by the United Nations Secretary General <a href=\"/wiki/Boutros_Boutros-Ghali\" title=\"Boutros Boutros-Ghali\">Boutros Boutros-Ghali</a> for them to intervene in the humanitarian crisis. Talks were initiated under the aegis of former Tanzanian President <a href=\"/wiki/Julius_Nyerere\" title=\"Julius Nyerere\">Julius Nyerere</a> in 1995; following his death, South African President <a href=\"/wiki/Nelson_Mandela\" title=\"Nelson Mandela\">Nelson Mandela</a> took the helm. As the talks progressed, South African President <a href=\"/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki\" title=\"Thabo Mbeki\">Thabo Mbeki</a> and United States President <a href=\"/wiki/Bill_Clinton\" title=\"Bill Clinton\">Bill Clinton</a> also lent their respective weight.\\n</p><p>The peace talks took the form of <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Track_I_mediation&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Track I mediation (page does not exist)\">Track I mediations</a>. This method of negotiation can be defined as a form of diplomacy involving governmental or intergovernmental representatives, who may use their positive reputations, mediation, or the \"carrot and stick\" method as a means of obtaining or forcing an outcome, frequently along the lines of \"bargaining\" or \"win-lose\".<sup id=\"cite_ref-62\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-62\">&#91;61&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The main objective was to transform the Burundian government and military structurally in order to bridge the ethnic gap between the Tutsi and Hutu. It was to take place in two major steps. First, a transitional power-sharing government would be established, with the presidents holding office for three-year terms. The second objective involved a restructuring of the armed forces, where the two groups would be represented equally.\\n</p><p>As the protracted nature of the peace talks demonstrated, the mediators and negotiating parties confronted several obstacles. First, the Burundian officials perceived the goals as \"unrealistic\" and viewed the treaty as ambiguous, contradictory and confusing. Second, and perhaps most importantly, the Burundians believed the treaty would be irrelevant without an accompanying cease fire. This would require separate and direct talks with the rebel groups. The main Hutu party was skeptical of the offer of a power-sharing government; they alleged that they had been deceived by the Tutsi in past agreements.\\n</p><p>In 2000,<sup id=\"cite_ref-63\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-63\">&#91;62&#93;</a></sup> the Burundian President signed the treaty, as well as 13 of the 19 warring Hutu and Tutsi factions. Disagreements persisted over which group would preside over the nascent government, and when the ceasefire would begin. The spoilers of the peace talks were the hardliner Tutsi and Hutu groups who refused to sign the accord; as a result, violence intensified. Three years later at a summit of African leaders in Tanzania, the Burundian president and the main opposition Hutu group signed an accord to end the conflict; the signatory members were granted ministerial posts within the government. However, smaller militant Hutu groups \\xe2\\x80\\x93 such as the Forces for National Liberation \\xe2\\x80\\x93 remained active.\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"UN_involvement\">UN involvement</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\" title=\"Edit section: UN involvement\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1097763485\">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1086701767\">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class=\"box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox\" role=\"presentation\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"mbox-image\"><div class=\"mbox-image-div\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"40\" data-file-height=\"40\" /></div></td><td class=\"mbox-text\"><div class=\"mbox-text-span\"><div class=\"multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible\"><b>This section has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit\">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href=\"/wiki/Talk:Burundi\" title=\"Talk:Burundi\">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href=\"/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal\" title=\"Help:Maintenance template removal\">Learn how and when to remove these template messages</a>)</i></small>\\n<div class=\"mw-collapsible-content\">\\n      <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1097763485\"/><table class=\"box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source\" role=\"presentation\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"mbox-image\"><div class=\"mbox-image-div\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Question book-new.svg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"39\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"399\" /></a></div></td><td class=\"mbox-text\"><div class=\"mbox-text-span\">This section <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source\" title=\"Wikipedia:Articles with a single source\">single source</a></b>.<span class=\"hide-when-compact\"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href=\"/wiki/Talk:Burundi##\" title=\"Talk:Burundi\">talk page</a>. Please help <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit\">improve this article</a> by <a href=\"/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners\" title=\"Help:Referencing for beginners\">introducing  citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class=\"plainlinks\"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"//www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Burundi%22\">\"Burundi\"</a>&#160;\\xe2\\x80\\x93&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Burundi%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1\">news</a>&#160;<b>\\xc2\\xb7</b> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"//www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Burundi%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks\">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>\\xc2\\xb7</b> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"//www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Burundi%22+-wikipedia\">books</a>&#160;<b>\\xc2\\xb7</b> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Burundi%22\">scholar</a>&#160;<b>\\xc2\\xb7</b> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Burundi%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on\">JSTOR</a></span></small></span>  <span class=\"date-container\"><i>(<span class=\"date\">March 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1097763485\"/><table class=\"box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update\" role=\"presentation\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"mbox-image\"><div class=\"mbox-image-div\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"42\" height=\"34\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"360\" data-file-height=\"290\" /></div></td><td class=\"mbox-text\"><div class=\"mbox-text-span\">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class=\"hide-when-compact\"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span>  <span class=\"date-container\"><i>(<span class=\"date\">March 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>\\n    </div>\\n</div><span class=\"hide-when-compact\"><i> (<small><a href=\"/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal\" title=\"Help:Maintenance template removal\">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p>Between 1993 and 2003, many rounds of peace talks, overseen by regional leaders in Tanzania, South Africa and <a href=\"/wiki/Uganda\" title=\"Uganda\">Uganda</a>, gradually established power-sharing agreements to satisfy the majority of the contending groups. Initially the South African Protection Support Detachment was deployed to protect Burundian leaders returning from exile. These forces became part of the <a href=\"/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Burundi\" title=\"African Union Mission in Burundi\">African Union Mission to Burundi</a>, deployed to help oversee the installation of a transitional government. In June 2004, the UN stepped in and took over peacekeeping responsibilities as a signal of growing international support for the already markedly advanced peace process in Burundi.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Howard,_Lise_Morje_2008_64-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Howard,_Lise_Morje_2008-64\">&#91;63&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The mission\\'s mandate, under <a href=\"/wiki/Chapter_VII_of_the_United_Nations_Charter\" title=\"Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter\">Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter</a>, has been to monitor cease-fire, carry out disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration of former military personnel, support humanitarian assistance and refugee and IDP return, assist with elections, protect international staff and Burundian civilians, monitor Burundi\\'s troublesome borders, including halting illicit arms flows, and assist in carrying out institutional reforms including those of the Constitution, judiciary, armed forces and police. The mission has been allotted 5,650 military personnel, 120 civilian police and about 1,000 international and local civilian personnel. The mission has been functioning well. It has greatly benefited from the transitional government, which has functioned and is in the process of transitioning to one that will be popularly elected.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Howard,_Lise_Morje_2008_64-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Howard,_Lise_Morje_2008-64\">&#91;63&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The main difficulty in the early stages was continued resistance to the peace process by the last Hutu nationalist rebel group. This organisation continued its violent conflict on the outskirts of the capital despite the UN\\'s presence. By June 2005, the group had stopped fighting and its representatives were brought back into the political process. All political parties have accepted a formula for inter-ethnic power-sharing: no political party can gain access to government offices unless it is ethnically integrated.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Howard,_Lise_Morje_2008_64-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Howard,_Lise_Morje_2008-64\">&#91;63&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The focus of the UN\\'s mission had been to enshrine the power-sharing arrangements in a popularly voted constitution, so that elections may be held and a new government installed. Disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration were done in tandem with elections preparations. In February 2005, the <a href=\"/wiki/Constitution_of_Burundi\" title=\"Constitution of Burundi\">constitution</a> was approved with over 90% of the popular vote. In May, June and August 2005, three separate elections were also held at the local level for the Parliament and the presidency.\\n</p><p>While there are still some difficulties with refugee returns and securing adequate food supplies for the war-weary population, the mission managed to win the trust and confidence of a majority of the formerly warring leaders, as well as the population at large.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Howard,_Lise_Morje_2008_64-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Howard,_Lise_Morje_2008-64\">&#91;63&#93;</a></sup> It was involved with several \"quick effect\" projects, including rehabilitating and building schools, orphanages, health clinics and rebuilding infrastructure such as water lines.\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"2006_to_2018\">2006 to 2018</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\" title=\"Edit section: 2006 to 2018\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"aerial view of highrise building and low rise red roofed buildings\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg/220px-BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"165\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg/330px-BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg/440px-BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"2272\" data-file-height=\"1704\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>View of the capital city Bujumbura in 2006.</div></div></div>\\n<p>Reconstruction efforts in Burundi started to practically take effect after 2006. The UN shut down its peacekeeping mission and re-focused on helping with reconstruction.<sup id=\"cite_ref-accessed_on_29-10-08_65-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-accessed_on_29-10-08-65\">&#91;64&#93;</a></sup> Toward achieving <a href=\"/wiki/Economic_reconstruction\" title=\"Economic reconstruction\">economic reconstruction</a>, Rwanda, <a href=\"/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" title=\"Democratic Republic of the Congo\">D.R.Congo</a> and Burundi relaunched the regional <a href=\"/wiki/Economic_Community_of_the_Great_Lakes_Countries\" title=\"Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries\">Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-accessed_on_29-10-08_65-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-accessed_on_29-10-08-65\">&#91;64&#93;</a></sup> In addition, Burundi, along with Rwanda, joined the <a href=\"/wiki/East_African_Community\" title=\"East African Community\">East African Community</a> in 2007.\\n</p><p>However, the terms of the September 2006 Ceasefire between the government and the last remaining armed opposition group, the <a href=\"/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Burundi)\" title=\"National Liberation Front (Burundi)\">FLN</a> (Forces for National Liberation, also called NLF or FROLINA), were not totally implemented, and senior FLN members subsequently left the truce monitoring team, claiming that their security was threatened.<sup id=\"cite_ref-66\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-66\">&#91;65&#93;</a></sup> In September 2007, rival FLN factions clashed in the capital, killing 20 fighters and causing residents to begin fleeing. Rebel raids were reported in other parts of the country.<sup id=\"cite_ref-accessed_on_29-10-08_65-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-accessed_on_29-10-08-65\">&#91;64&#93;</a></sup> The rebel factions disagreed with the government over disarmament and the release of political prisoners.<sup id=\"cite_ref-hrw.org_67-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-hrw.org-67\">&#91;66&#93;</a></sup> In late 2007 and early 2008, FLN combatants attacked government-protected camps where former combatants were living. The homes of rural residents were also pillaged.<sup id=\"cite_ref-hrw.org_67-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-hrw.org-67\">&#91;66&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The 2007 report<sup id=\"cite_ref-hrw.org_67-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-hrw.org-67\">&#91;66&#93;</a></sup> of <a href=\"/wiki/Amnesty_International\" title=\"Amnesty International\">Amnesty International</a> mentions many areas where improvement is required. Civilians are victims of repeated acts of violence done by the FLN. The latter also recruits child soldiers. The rate of violence against women is high. Perpetrators regularly escape prosecution and punishment by the state. There is an urgent need for reform of the judicial system. <a href=\"/wiki/Genocide\" title=\"Genocide\">Genocide</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/War_crimes\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"War crimes\">war crimes</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity\" title=\"Crimes against humanity\">crimes against humanity</a> continued to go unpunished.<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">&#91;<i><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)\">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>\\n</p><p>In late March 2008, the FLN sought for the parliament to adopt a law guaranteeing them \\'provisional immunity\\' from arrest. This would cover ordinary crimes, but not grave violations of international humanitarian law like war crimes or crimes against humanity .<sup id=\"cite_ref-hrw.org_67-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-hrw.org-67\">&#91;66&#93;</a></sup> Even though the government has granted this in the past to people, the FLN has been unable to obtain the provisional immunity.\\n</p><p>On 17 April 2008, the FLN bombarded Bujumbura. The Burundian army fought back and the FLN suffered heavy losses. A new ceasefire was signed on 26 May 2008. In August 2008, President Nkurunziza met with the FLN leader <a href=\"/wiki/Agathon_Rwasa\" title=\"Agathon Rwasa\">Agathon Rwasa</a>, with the mediation of <a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Nqakula\" title=\"Charles Nqakula\">Charles Nqakula</a>, South Africa\\'s Minister for Safety and Security. This was the first direct meeting since June 2007. Both agreed to meet twice a week to establish a commission to resolve any disputes that might arise during the peace negotiations.<sup id=\"cite_ref-68\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-68\">&#91;67&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The UN has attempted to evaluate the impact of its peace-building initiatives. In the early 2010s, the UN peacekeeping mission in Burundi sought to assess the success of its Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration program by counting the number of arms that had been collected, given the prevalence of arms in the country. However, these evaluations failed to include date from local populations, which are significant in impact evaluations of peacebuilding initiatives.<sup id=\"cite_ref-69\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-69\">&#91;68&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>As of 2012, Burundi was participating in African Union peacekeeping missions, including the <a href=\"/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia\" title=\"African Union Mission to Somalia\">mission to Somalia</a> against Al-Shabaab militants.<sup id=\"cite_ref-70\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-70\">&#91;69&#93;</a></sup> In 2014, the <a href=\"/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(Burundi)\" title=\"Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Burundi)\">Truth and Reconciliation Commission</a> was established, initially for four years and then extended for another four in 2018.<sup id=\"cite_ref-reuters2014_71-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-reuters2014-71\">&#91;70&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-justice2019_72-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-justice2019-72\">&#91;71&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"2015_unrest\">2015 unrest</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\" title=\"Edit section: 2015 unrest\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h4>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_unrest_(2015%E2%80%932018)\" title=\"Burundian unrest (2015\\xe2\\x80\\x932018)\">Burundian unrest (2015\\xe2\\x80\\x932018)</a></div>\\n<p>In April 2015 protests broke out after the ruling party announced President <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Nkurunziza\" title=\"Pierre Nkurunziza\">Pierre Nkurunziza</a> would seek a third term in office.<sup id=\"cite_ref-73\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-73\">&#91;72&#93;</a></sup> Protestors claimed Nkurunziza could not run for a third term in office but the country\\'s constitutional court agreed with Nkurunziza (although some of its members had fled the country at the time of its vote).<sup id=\"cite_ref-74\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-74\">&#91;73&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p><a href=\"/wiki/2015_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt\" title=\"2015 Burundian coup d&#39;\\xc3\\xa9tat attempt\">An attempted coup d\\'\\xc3\\xa9tat on 13 May</a> failed to depose Nkurunziza.\\n<sup id=\"cite_ref-75\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-75\">&#91;74&#93;</a></sup>\\n<sup id=\"cite_ref-76\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-76\">&#91;75&#93;</a></sup> He returned to Burundi, began purging his government, and arrested several of the coup leaders.<sup id=\"cite_ref-77\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-77\">&#91;76&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-78\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-78\">&#91;77&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-cnn01_79-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cnn01-79\">&#91;78&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-80\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-80\">&#91;79&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-81\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-81\">&#91;80&#93;</a></sup> Following the attempted coup, protests however continued and over 100,000 people had fled the country by 20 May causing a humanitarian emergency. There are reports of continued and widespread abuses of human rights, including unlawful killings, torture, disappearances, and restrictions on freedom of expression.<sup id=\"cite_ref-82\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-82\">&#91;81&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-83\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-83\">&#91;82&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Despite calls by the <a href=\"/wiki/United_Nations\" title=\"United Nations\">United Nations</a>, the <a href=\"/wiki/African_Union\" title=\"African Union\">African Union</a>, the United States, France, <a href=\"/wiki/South_Africa\" title=\"South Africa\">South Africa</a>, Belgium, and various other governments, the ruling party <a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_legislative_election,_2015\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Burundian legislative election, 2015\">held parliamentary elections on 29 June</a>, but these were boycotted by the opposition.\\n</p><p>On 30 September 2016, the <a href=\"/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council\" title=\"United Nations Human Rights Council\">United Nations Human Rights Council</a> established the Commission of Inquiry on Burundi through resolution 33/24. Its mandate is to \"conduct a thorough investigation into human rights violations and abuses committed in Burundi since April 2015, to identify alleged perpetrators and to formulate recommendations.\"<sup id=\"cite_ref-84\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-84\">&#91;83&#93;</a></sup> On 29 September 2017 the Commission of Inquiry on Burundi called on Burundian government to put an end to serious <a href=\"/wiki/Human_rights_violations\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Human rights violations\">human rights violations</a>. It further stressed that, \"The Burundian government has so far refused to cooperate with the Commission of Inquiry, despite the Commission\\'s repeated requests and initiatives.\"<sup id=\"cite_ref-ohchr.org_85-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ohchr.org-85\">&#91;84&#93;</a></sup> The violations the Commission documented include <a href=\"/wiki/Arrests\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Arrests\">arbitrary arrests</a> and detentions, acts of <a href=\"/wiki/Torture\" title=\"Torture\">torture</a> and cruel, <a href=\"/wiki/Inhuman_or_degrading_treatment\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Inhuman or degrading treatment\">inhuman or degrading treatment</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Extrajudicial_execution\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Extrajudicial execution\">extrajudicial executions</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Enforced_disappearances\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Enforced disappearances\">enforced disappearances</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Rape\" title=\"Rape\">rape</a> and other forms of sexual violence.\"<sup id=\"cite_ref-ohchr.org_85-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ohchr.org-85\">&#91;84&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"2018_to_present\">2018 to present</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\" title=\"Edit section: 2018 to present\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<p>In a <a href=\"/wiki/2018_Burundian_constitutional_referendum\" title=\"2018 Burundian constitutional referendum\">constitutional referendum</a> in May 2018, Burundians voted by 79.08% to approve an amended constitution that ensured that Nkurunziza could remain in power until 2034.<sup id=\"cite_ref-86\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-86\">&#91;85&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-87\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-87\">&#91;86&#93;</a></sup> However, much to the surprise of most observers, Nkurunziza later announced that he did not intend to serve another term, paving the way for a new president to be elected in the <a href=\"/wiki/2020_Burundian_general_election\" title=\"2020 Burundian general election\">2020 general election</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:03_88-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:03-88\">&#91;87&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>On 20 May 2020, <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89variste_Ndayishimiye\" title=\"\\xc3\\x89variste Ndayishimiye\">Evariste Ndayishimiye</a>, a candidate who was hand-picked as Nkurunziza\\'s successor by the CNDD-FDD, won the election with 71.45% of the vote.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_89-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-89\">&#91;88&#93;</a></sup> Shortly after, on 9 June 2020, Nkurunziza died of a cardiac arrest, at the age of 55.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:03_88-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:03-88\">&#91;87&#93;</a></sup> There was some speculation that his death was COVID-19 related, though this is unconfirmed.<sup id=\"cite_ref-90\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-90\">&#91;89&#93;</a></sup> As per the constitution, <a href=\"/wiki/Pascal_Nyabenda\" title=\"Pascal Nyabenda\">Pascal Nyabenda</a>, the president of the national assembly, led the government until Ndayishimiye\\'s inauguration on 18 June 2020.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:03_88-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:03-88\">&#91;87&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_89-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-89\">&#91;88&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>In December 2021, a <a href=\"/wiki/Gitega_prison_fire\" title=\"Gitega prison fire\">large prison fire killed dozens</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-91\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-91\">&#91;90&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>In November 2022, in challenges to the <a href=\"/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic\" title=\"COVID-19 pandemic\">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and the <a href=\"/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine\" title=\"Russian invasion of Ukraine\">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Burundi\\'s economic growth increased slightly to 3 percent, according to an assessment of the <a href=\"/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund\" title=\"International Monetary Fund\">International Monetary Fund</a>.\\n</p><p>Currently, Burundi remains as one of the poorest nations on Earth after <a href=\"/wiki/Haiti\" title=\"Haiti\">Haiti</a>, based on a <a href=\"/wiki/Gross_National_Income\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Gross National Income\">Gross National Income</a> (GNI) of $270 per capita.<sup id=\"cite_ref-92\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-92\">&#91;91&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Government\">Government</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\" title=\"Edit section: Government\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Politics_of_Burundi\" title=\"Politics of Burundi\">Politics of Burundi</a></div>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Pierre_Nkurunziza_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Pierre Nkurunziza at World Economic Forum 2008 looking right\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Pierre_Nkurunziza_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg/220px-Pierre_Nkurunziza_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"329\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Pierre_Nkurunziza_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg/330px-Pierre_Nkurunziza_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Pierre_Nkurunziza_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg/440px-Pierre_Nkurunziza_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"669\" data-file-height=\"1000\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Pierre_Nkurunziza_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div><a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Nkurunziza\" title=\"Pierre Nkurunziza\">Pierre Nkurunziza</a>, President of Burundi from 2005 to 2020.</div></div></div>\\n<p>Burundi\\'s political system is that of a <a href=\"/wiki/Presidential_system\" title=\"Presidential system\">presidential</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Representative_democracy\" title=\"Representative democracy\">representative democratic</a> republic based upon a multi-party state. The president of Burundi is the <a href=\"/wiki/Head_of_state\" title=\"Head of state\">head of state</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Head_of_government\" title=\"Head of government\">head of government</a>. There are currently 21 <a href=\"/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Burundi\" title=\"List of political parties in Burundi\">registered parties in Burundi</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-state_16-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-state-16\">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> On 13 March 1992, Tutsi coup leader <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Buyoya\" title=\"Pierre Buyoya\">Pierre Buyoya</a> established a constitution,<sup id=\"cite_ref-autogenerated8_17-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-autogenerated8-17\">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup> which provided for a multi-party political process and reflected multi-party competition.<sup id=\"cite_ref-PH_18-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PH-18\">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup> Six years later, on 6 June 1998, the constitution was changed, broadening <a href=\"/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Burundi\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"National Assembly of Burundi\">National Assembly</a>\\'s seats and making provisions for two vice-presidents. Because of the <a href=\"/wiki/Arusha_Accords_(Burundi)\" title=\"Arusha Accords (Burundi)\">Arusha Accord</a>, Burundi enacted a transitional government in 2000.<sup id=\"cite_ref-unburundi_19-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-unburundi-19\">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Burundi\\'s legislative branch is a <a href=\"/wiki/Bicameral\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Bicameral\">bicameral</a> assembly, consisting of the Transitional National Assembly and the <a href=\"/wiki/Senate_of_Burundi\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Senate of Burundi\">Transitional Senate</a>. As of 2004<sup class=\"plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update\" style=\"display:none;\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit\">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, the Transitional National Assembly consisted of 170 members, with the Front for Democracy in Burundi holding 38% of seats, and 10% of the assembly controlled by UPRONA. Fifty-two seats were controlled by other parties. Burundi\\'s constitution mandates representation in the Transitional National Assembly to be consistent with 60% Hutu, 40% Tutsi, and 30% female members, as well as three Batwa members.<sup id=\"cite_ref-state_16-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-state-16\">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> Members of the National Assembly are elected by popular vote and serve five-year terms.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Puddington_93-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Puddington-93\">&#91;92&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The Transitional Senate has fifty-one members, and three seats are reserved for former presidents. Due to stipulations in Burundi\\'s constitution, 30% of Senate members must be female. Members of the Senate are elected by electoral colleges, which consist of members from each of Burundi\\'s provinces and communes.<sup id=\"cite_ref-state_16-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-state-16\">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> For each of Burundi\\'s eighteen provinces, one Hutu and one Tutsi senator are chosen. One term for the Transitional Senate is five years.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Puddington_93-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Puddington-93\">&#91;92&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Together, Burundi\\'s legislative branch elect the president to a five-year term.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Puddington_93-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Puddington-93\">&#91;92&#93;</a></sup> Burundi\\'s president appoints officials to his Council of Ministers, which is also part of the executive branch.<sup id=\"cite_ref-unburundi_19-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-unburundi-19\">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> The president can also pick fourteen members of the Transitional Senate to serve on the Council of Ministers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-state_16-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-state-16\">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> Members of the Council of Ministers must be approved by two-thirds of Burundi\\'s legislature. The president also chooses two vice-presidents.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Puddington_93-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Puddington-93\">&#91;92&#93;</a></sup> Following the 2015 election, the president of Burundi was <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Nkurunziza\" title=\"Pierre Nkurunziza\">Pierre Nkurunziza</a>. The first vice-president was Therence Sinunguruza, and the Second Vice-president was Gervais Rufyikiri.<sup id=\"cite_ref-94\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-94\">&#91;93&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>On 20 May 2020, <a href=\"/wiki/Evariste_Ndayishimiye\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Evariste Ndayishimiye\">Evariste Ndayishimiye</a>, a candidate who was hand-picked as Nkurunziza\\'s successor by the CNDD-FDD, won <a href=\"/wiki/2020_Burundian_general_election\" title=\"2020 Burundian general election\">the election</a> with 71.45% of the vote. Shortly after, on 9 June 2020, Nkurunziza died of a cardiac arrest, at the age of 55. As per the constitution, Pascal Nyabenda, the president of the national assembly, led the government until Ndayishimiye\\'s inauguration on 18 June 2020.<sup id=\"cite_ref-95\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-95\">&#91;94&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-96\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-96\">&#91;95&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The <i>Cour Supr\\xc3\\xaame</i> (Supreme Court) is Burundi\\'s highest court. There are three Courts of Appeals directly below the Supreme Court. Tribunals of First Instance are used as judicial courts in each of Burundi\\'s provinces as well as 123 local tribunals.<sup id=\"cite_ref-unburundi_19-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-unburundi-19\">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> \\n</p>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Embassy_of_Burundi_in_Brussels.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Embassy_of_Burundi_in_Brussels.jpg/220px-Embassy_of_Burundi_in_Brussels.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"267\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Embassy_of_Burundi_in_Brussels.jpg/330px-Embassy_of_Burundi_in_Brussels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Embassy_of_Burundi_in_Brussels.jpg/440px-Embassy_of_Burundi_in_Brussels.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"2460\" data-file-height=\"2983\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Embassy_of_Burundi_in_Brussels.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Embassy of Burundi in Brussels</div></div></div>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Human_rights\">Human rights</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\" title=\"Edit section: Human rights\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">See also: <a href=\"/wiki/Human_rights_in_Burundi\" title=\"Human rights in Burundi\">Human rights in Burundi</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Burundi\" title=\"LGBT rights in Burundi\">LGBT rights in Burundi</a></div>\\n<p>Burundi\\'s government has been repeatedly criticised by human rights organisations including <a href=\"/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch\" title=\"Human Rights Watch\">Human Rights Watch</a><sup id=\"cite_ref-97\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-97\">&#91;96&#93;</a></sup> for the multiple arrests and trials of journalist <a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Claude_Kavumbagu\" title=\"Jean-Claude Kavumbagu\">Jean-Claude Kavumbagu</a> for issues related to his reporting. <a href=\"/wiki/Amnesty_International\" title=\"Amnesty International\">Amnesty International</a> (AI) named him a <a href=\"/wiki/Prisoner_of_conscience\" title=\"Prisoner of conscience\">prisoner of conscience</a> and called for his \"immediate and unconditional release.\"\\n</p><p>In April 2009, the government of Burundi changed the law to criminalise <a href=\"/wiki/Homosexuality\" title=\"Homosexuality\">homosexuality</a>. Persons found guilty of consensual same-sex relations risk two to three years in prison and a fine of 50,000 to 100,000 Burundian francs.<sup id=\"cite_ref-98\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-98\">&#91;97&#93;</a></sup> Amnesty International has condemned the action, calling it a violation of Burundi\\'s obligations under international and regional human rights law, and against the constitution, which guarantees the right to privacy.<sup id=\"cite_ref-99\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-99\">&#91;98&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Burundi officially left the <a href=\"/wiki/International_Criminal_Court\" title=\"International Criminal Court\">International Criminal Court</a> (ICC) on 27 October 2017, the first country in the world to do so.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_100-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-100\">&#91;99&#93;</a></sup> The move came after the UN accused the country of various crimes and human rights violations, such as extrajudicial killings, torture and sexual violence, in a September 2017 report.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_100-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-100\">&#91;99&#93;</a></sup> The ICC announced on 9 November 2017 that human rights violations from the time Burundi was a member would still be prosecuted.<sup id=\"cite_ref-101\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-101\">&#91;100&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-102\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-102\">&#91;101&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Subdivisions\">Subdivisions</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15\" title=\"Edit section: Subdivisions\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main articles: <a href=\"/wiki/Provinces_of_Burundi\" title=\"Provinces of Burundi\">Provinces of Burundi</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Communes_of_Burundi\" title=\"Communes of Burundi\">Communes of Burundi</a>, and <a href=\"/wiki/Collines_of_Burundi\" title=\"Collines of Burundi\">Collines of Burundi</a></div>\\n<p>Burundi is divided into 18 <a href=\"/wiki/Provinces_of_Burundi\" title=\"Provinces of Burundi\">provinces</a>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-statoids_103-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-statoids-103\">&#91;102&#93;</a></sup> 119 <a href=\"/wiki/Communes_of_Burundi\" title=\"Communes of Burundi\">communes</a>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-state_16-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-state-16\">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> and 2,638 <a href=\"/wiki/Collines_of_Burundi\" title=\"Collines of Burundi\">collines</a> (hills).<sup id=\"cite_ref-104\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-104\">&#91;103&#93;</a></sup> Provincial governments are structured upon these boundaries.\\n</p><p>Burundi\\xe2\\x80\\x99s provinces and communes were created on Christmas Day in 1959 by a Belgian colonial decree. They replaced the pre-existing system of chieftains.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_105-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-105\">&#91;104&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>In 2000, the province encompassing Bujumbura was separated into two provinces, Bujumbura Rural and Bujumbura Mairie.<sup id=\"cite_ref-xlix_15-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-xlix-15\">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup> The newest province, <a href=\"/wiki/Rumonge_Province\" title=\"Rumonge Province\">Rumonge</a>, was created on 26 March 2015 from portions of Bujumbura Rural and Bururi.<sup id=\"cite_ref-rumong_106-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-rumong-106\">&#91;105&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>In July 2022, the government of Burundi announced a complete overhaul of the country\\xe2\\x80\\x99s territorial subdivisions. The proposed change would reduce the amounts of provinces from 18 to 5, and reduce the amount of communes from 119 to 42. The change needs the approval of the parliament of Burundi to take effect.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_105-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-105\">&#91;104&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<div>\\n<table class=\"multicol\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:75%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: left; vertical-align: top;\">\\n<table class=\"wikitable sortable\">\\n<caption>\\n</caption>\\n<tbody><tr bgcolor=\"#ACE1AF\">\\n<th>Province\\n</th>\\n<th>Capital\\n</th>\\n<th>Area <br /> (km<sup>2</sup>) <sup id=\"cite_ref-107\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-107\">&#91;106&#93;</a></sup>\\n</th>\\n<th>Population <br /> (2008 census)<sup id=\"cite_ref-statoids_103-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-statoids-103\">&#91;102&#93;</a></sup>\\n</th>\\n<th>Density (per km<sup>2</sup>)\\n</th>\\n<th>Communes\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"text-align:center\"><b><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Eastern Burundi (page does not exist)\">Eastern Burundi</a></b>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Cankuzo_Province\" title=\"Cankuzo Province\">Cankuzo</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Cankuzo\" title=\"Cankuzo\">Cankuzo</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1,964.54\\n</td>\\n<td>228,873\\n</td>\\n<td>116.5\\n</td>\\n<td>5\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Gitega_Province\" title=\"Gitega Province\">Gitega</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Gitega\" title=\"Gitega\">Gitega</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1,978.96\\n</td>\\n<td>725,223\\n</td>\\n<td>366.5\\n</td>\\n<td>11\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Rutana_Province\" title=\"Rutana Province\">Rutana</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Rutana\" title=\"Rutana\">Rutana</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1,959.45\\n</td>\\n<td>333,510\\n</td>\\n<td>170.2\\n</td>\\n<td>6\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Ruyigi_Province\" title=\"Ruyigi Province\">Ruyigi</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Ruyigi\" title=\"Ruyigi\">Ruyigi</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>2,338.88\\n</td>\\n<td>400,530\\n</td>\\n<td>171.2\\n</td>\\n<td>7\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"text-align:center\"><b><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Northern_Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Northern Burundi (page does not exist)\">Northern Burundi</a></b>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Karuzi_Province\" title=\"Karuzi Province\">Karuzi</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Karuzi\" title=\"Karuzi\">Karuzi</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1,457.40\\n</td>\\n<td>436,443\\n</td>\\n<td>299.5\\n</td>\\n<td>7\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Kayanza_Province\" title=\"Kayanza Province\">Kayanza</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Kayanza\" title=\"Kayanza\">Kayanza</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1,233.24\\n</td>\\n<td>585,412\\n</td>\\n<td>474.7\\n</td>\\n<td>9\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Kirundo_Province\" title=\"Kirundo Province\">Kirundo</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Kirundo\" title=\"Kirundo\">Kirundo</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1,703.34\\n</td>\\n<td>628,256\\n</td>\\n<td>368.8\\n</td>\\n<td>7\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Muyinga_Province\" title=\"Muyinga Province\">Muyinga</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Muyinga\" title=\"Muyinga\">Muyinga</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1,836.26\\n</td>\\n<td>632,409\\n</td>\\n<td>344.4\\n</td>\\n<td>7\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Ngozi_Province\" title=\"Ngozi Province\">Ngozi</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Ngozi,_Burundi\" title=\"Ngozi, Burundi\">Ngozi</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1,473.86\\n</td>\\n<td>660,717\\n</td>\\n<td>448.3\\n</td>\\n<td>9\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"text-align:center\"><b><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Southern_Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Southern Burundi (page does not exist)\">Southern Burundi</a></b>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Bururi_Province\" title=\"Bururi Province\">Bururi</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Bururi\" title=\"Bururi\">Bururi</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1,644.68\\n</td>\\n<td>313,102\\n</td>\\n<td>190.4\\n</td>\\n<td>6\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Makamba_Province\" title=\"Makamba Province\">Makamba</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Makamba,_Burundi\" title=\"Makamba, Burundi\">Makamba</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1,959.60\\n</td>\\n<td>430,899\\n</td>\\n<td>219.9\\n</td>\\n<td>6\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Rumonge_Province\" title=\"Rumonge Province\">Rumonge</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Rumonge\" title=\"Rumonge\">Rumonge</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1,079.72\\n</td>\\n<td>352,026\\n</td>\\n<td>326.0\\n</td>\\n<td>5\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"text-align:center\"><b><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Western_Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Western Burundi (page does not exist)\">Western Burundi</a></b>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Bubanza_Province\" title=\"Bubanza Province\">Bubanza</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Bubanza\" title=\"Bubanza\">Bubanza</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1,089.04\\n</td>\\n<td>338,023\\n</td>\\n<td>310.4\\n</td>\\n<td>5\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Bujumbura_Mairie_Province\" title=\"Bujumbura Mairie Province\">Bujumbura Mairie</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Bujumbura\" title=\"Bujumbura\">Bujumbura</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>86.52\\n</td>\\n<td>497,166\\n</td>\\n<td>5746.3\\n</td>\\n<td>13\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Bujumbura_Rural_Province\" title=\"Bujumbura Rural Province\">Bujumbura Rural</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Isale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Isale (page does not exist)\">Isale</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1,059.84\\n</td>\\n<td>464,818\\n</td>\\n<td>438.6\\n</td>\\n<td>9\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Cibitoke_Province\" title=\"Cibitoke Province\">Cibitoke</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Cibitoke\" title=\"Cibitoke\">Cibitoke</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1,635.53\\n</td>\\n<td>460,435\\n</td>\\n<td>281.5\\n</td>\\n<td>6\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Muramvya_Province\" title=\"Muramvya Province\">Muramvya</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Muramvya\" title=\"Muramvya\">Muramvya</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>695.52\\n</td>\\n<td>292,589\\n</td>\\n<td>420.7\\n</td>\\n<td>5\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Mwaro_Province\" title=\"Mwaro Province\">Mwaro</a>\\n</td>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Mwaro\" title=\"Mwaro\">Mwaro</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>839.60\\n</td>\\n<td>273,143\\n</td>\\n<td>325.3\\n</td>\\n<td>6\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td>\\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: left; vertical-align: top;\">\\n<p><a href=\"/wiki/File:Provinces_of_Burundi_2014_(named).png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Provinces of Burundi 2014 (named).png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Provinces_of_Burundi_2014_%28named%29.png/450px-Provinces_of_Burundi_2014_%28named%29.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"457\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Provinces_of_Burundi_2014_%28named%29.png 1.5x\" data-file-width=\"614\" data-file-height=\"624\" /></a>\\n&#32;\\n</p>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table></div>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Geography\">Geography</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16\" title=\"Edit section: Geography\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:By-map.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"tan colour map of Burundi with cities\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/By-map.png/220px-By-map.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"221\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/By-map.png 1.5x\" data-file-width=\"328\" data-file-height=\"329\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:By-map.png\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Map of Burundi.</div></div></div>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Hippos_in_Burundi.png\" class=\"image\"><img src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hippos_in_Burundi.png/220px-Hippos_in_Burundi.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"165\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hippos_in_Burundi.png/330px-Hippos_in_Burundi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hippos_in_Burundi.png/440px-Hippos_in_Burundi.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"4608\" data-file-height=\"3456\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Hippos_in_Burundi.png\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Hippos at Kibira National Park in northwest Burundi</div></div></div>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main articles: <a href=\"/wiki/Geography_of_Burundi\" title=\"Geography of Burundi\">Geography of Burundi</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Climate_of_Burundi\" title=\"Climate of Burundi\">Climate of Burundi</a></div>\\n<p>One of the smallest countries in Africa, Burundi is landlocked and has an <a href=\"/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate\" title=\"Tropical rainforest climate\">equatorial climate</a>. Burundi is a part of the <a href=\"/wiki/Albertine_Rift\" title=\"Albertine Rift\">Albertine Rift</a>, the western extension of the <a href=\"/wiki/East_African_Rift\" title=\"East African Rift\">East African Rift</a>. The country lies on a rolling <a href=\"/wiki/Plateau\" title=\"Plateau\">plateau</a> in the centre of Africa. Burundi is bordered by <a href=\"/wiki/Rwanda\" title=\"Rwanda\">Rwanda</a> to the north, <a href=\"/wiki/Tanzania\" title=\"Tanzania\">Tanzania</a> to the east and southeast, and the <a href=\"/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" title=\"Democratic Republic of the Congo\">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> to the west. It lies within the <a href=\"/wiki/Albertine_Rift_montane_forests\" title=\"Albertine Rift montane forests\">Albertine Rift montane forests</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Central_Zambezian_miombo_woodlands\" title=\"Central Zambezian miombo woodlands\">Central Zambezian miombo woodlands</a>, and <a href=\"/wiki/Victoria_Basin_forest-savanna_mosaic\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic\">Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic</a> ecoregions.<sup id=\"cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_108-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-108\">&#91;107&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The average elevation of the central plateau is 1,707&#160;m (5,600&#160;ft), with lower elevations at the borders. The highest peak, <a href=\"/wiki/Mount_Heha\" title=\"Mount Heha\">Mount Heha</a> at 2,685&#160;m (8,810&#160;ft),<sup id=\"cite_ref-autogenerated2_109-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-autogenerated2-109\">&#91;108&#93;</a></sup> lies to the southeast of the largest city and economic capital, Bujumbura. The source of the <a href=\"/wiki/Nile_River\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Nile River\">Nile River</a> is in Bururi province, and is linked from Lake Victoria to its headwaters via the <a href=\"/wiki/Ruvyironza_River\" title=\"Ruvyironza River\">Ruvyironza River</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-autogenerated9_110-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-autogenerated9-110\">&#91;109&#93;</a></sup><sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template\" style=\"margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;\">&#91;<i><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify\" title=\"Wikipedia:Please clarify\"><span title=\"The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2010)\">clarification needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> <a href=\"/wiki/Lake_Victoria\" title=\"Lake Victoria\">Lake Victoria</a> is also an important water source, which serves as a fork to the <a href=\"/wiki/Kagera_River\" title=\"Kagera River\">Kagera River</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-111\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-111\">&#91;110&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-112\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-112\">&#91;111&#93;</a></sup> Another major lake is <a href=\"/wiki/Lake_Tanganyika\" title=\"Lake Tanganyika\">Lake Tanganyika</a>, located in much of Burundi\\'s southwestern corner.<sup id=\"cite_ref-autogenerated6_113-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-autogenerated6-113\">&#91;112&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>There are two <a href=\"/wiki/National_park\" title=\"National park\">national parks</a>: <a href=\"/wiki/Kibira_National_Park\" title=\"Kibira National Park\">Kibira National Park</a> to the northwest (a small region of rainforest, adjacent to <a href=\"/wiki/Nyungwe_Forest_National_Park\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Nyungwe Forest National Park\">Nyungwe Forest National Park</a> in Rwanda), and <a href=\"/wiki/Ruvubu_National_Park\" title=\"Ruvubu National Park\">Ruvubu National Park</a> to the northeast (along the <a href=\"/wiki/Rurubu_River\" title=\"Rurubu River\">Rurubu River</a>, also known as Ruvubu or Ruvuvu). Both were established in 1982 to conserve wildlife populations.<sup id=\"cite_ref-autogenerated5_114-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-autogenerated5-114\">&#91;113&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Wildlife\">Wildlife</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17\" title=\"Edit section: Wildlife\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Wildlife_of_Burundi\" title=\"Wildlife of Burundi\">Wildlife of Burundi</a></div>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Economy\">Economy</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18\" title=\"Edit section: Economy\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Economy_of_Burundi\" title=\"Economy of Burundi\">Economy of Burundi</a></div>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">See also: <a href=\"/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_Burundi\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"List of companies based in Burundi\">List of companies based in Burundi</a></div>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:GDP_per_capita_development_of_Burundi.svg\" class=\"image\"><img src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Burundi.svg/220px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Burundi.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"155\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Burundi.svg/330px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Burundi.svg/440px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"850\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:GDP_per_capita_development_of_Burundi.svg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Historical development of GDP per capita</div></div></div>\\n<p>Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural, accounting for 50% of GDP in 2017<sup id=\"cite_ref-115\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-115\">&#91;114&#93;</a></sup> and employing more than 90% of the population. <a href=\"/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture\" title=\"Subsistence agriculture\">Subsistence agriculture</a> accounts for 90% of agriculture.<sup id=\"cite_ref-autogenerated1_116-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-autogenerated1-116\">&#91;115&#93;</a></sup> Burundi\\'s primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings, though exports are a relatively small share of GDP. Other agricultural products include cotton, tea, maize, <a href=\"/wiki/Sorghum\" title=\"Sorghum\">sorghum</a>, sweet potatoes, bananas, <a href=\"/wiki/Manioc\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Manioc\">manioc</a> (tapioca); beef, milk and hides. Even though <a href=\"/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture\" title=\"Subsistence agriculture\">subsistence farming</a> is highly relied upon, many people do not have the resources to sustain themselves. This is due to large population growth and no coherent policies governing land ownership. In 2014, the average farm size was about one acre.\\n</p><p>\\nBurundi is one of the world\\'s poorest countries, owing in part to its landlocked geography,<sup id=\"cite_ref-cia_21-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cia-21\">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup> lack of access to education and the proliferation of <a href=\"/wiki/HIV/AIDS\" title=\"HIV/AIDS\">HIV/AIDS</a>. Approximately 80% of Burundi\\'s population lives in poverty.<sup id=\"cite_ref-117\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-117\">&#91;116&#93;</a></sup> Famines and food shortages have occurred throughout Burundi, most notably in the 20th century,<sup id=\"cite_ref-wein5_36-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-wein5-36\">&#91;35&#93;</a></sup> and according to the <a href=\"/wiki/World_Food_Programme\" title=\"World Food Programme\">World Food Programme</a>, 56.8% of children under age five suffer from chronic <a href=\"/wiki/Malnutrition\" title=\"Malnutrition\">malnutrition</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-118\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-118\">&#91;117&#93;</a></sup> Burundi\\'s export earnings \\xe2\\x80\\x93 and its ability to pay for imports \\xe2\\x80\\x93 rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices.</p><div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Tree_map_export_2009_Burundi.jpeg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"color chart of exports by value with percentages\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Tree_map_export_2009_Burundi.jpeg/220px-Tree_map_export_2009_Burundi.jpeg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"172\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Tree_map_export_2009_Burundi.jpeg/330px-Tree_map_export_2009_Burundi.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Tree_map_export_2009_Burundi.jpeg/440px-Tree_map_export_2009_Burundi.jpeg 2x\" data-file-width=\"1105\" data-file-height=\"865\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Tree_map_export_2009_Burundi.jpeg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Graphical depiction of Burundi\\'s product exports in 28 colour-coded categories in 2009.</div></div></div>\\n<p>The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept up with inflation. As a result of deepening poverty, Burundi will remain heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors. Foreign aid represents 42% of Burundis national income, the second highest rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Burundi joined the East African Community in 2009, which should boost its regional trade ties, and also in 2009 received $700 million in debt relief. Government corruption is hindering the development of a healthy private sector as companies seek to navigate an environment with ever-changing rules.<sup id=\"cite_ref-cia_21-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cia-21\">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Studies since 2007 have shown Burundians to have extremely poor levels of <a href=\"/wiki/Satisfaction_with_Life_Index\" title=\"Satisfaction with Life Index\">satisfaction with life</a>; the <a href=\"/wiki/World_Happiness_Report\" title=\"World Happiness Report\">World Happiness Report 2018</a> rated them the world\\'s least happy in 2018.<sup id=\"cite_ref-auto1_26-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-auto1-26\">&#91;25&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-119\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-119\">&#91;118&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Burundi_-_Lake_Tanganyika_fisheries.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"two sitting in skiff on beach on lakeshore with mountains in bckround\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Burundi_-_Lake_Tanganyika_fisheries.jpg/220px-Burundi_-_Lake_Tanganyika_fisheries.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"165\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Burundi_-_Lake_Tanganyika_fisheries.jpg/330px-Burundi_-_Lake_Tanganyika_fisheries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Burundi_-_Lake_Tanganyika_fisheries.jpg/440px-Burundi_-_Lake_Tanganyika_fisheries.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"960\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Burundi_-_Lake_Tanganyika_fisheries.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Fishermen on Lake Tanganyika.</div></div></div>\\n<p>Some of Burundi\\'s natural resources include <a href=\"/wiki/Uranium\" title=\"Uranium\">uranium</a>, nickel, <a href=\"/wiki/Cobalt\" title=\"Cobalt\">cobalt</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Copper\" title=\"Copper\">copper</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Platinum\" title=\"Platinum\">platinum</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-120\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-120\">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup> Besides agriculture, other industries include: assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing and light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes and soap.\\n</p><p>In regards to telecommunications infrastructure, Burundi is ranked second to last in the <a href=\"/wiki/World_Economic_Forum\" title=\"World Economic Forum\">World Economic Forum</a>\\'s Network Readiness Index (NRI) \\xe2\\x80\\x93 an indicator for determining the development level of a country\\'s information and communication technologies. Burundi ranked number 147 overall in the 2014 NRI ranking, down from 144 in 2013.<sup id=\"cite_ref-121\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-121\">&#91;120&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Lack of access to financial services is a serious problem for the majority of the population, particularly in the densely populated rural areas: only 2% of the total population holds bank accounts, and fewer than 0.5% use bank lending services. <a href=\"/wiki/Microfinance\" title=\"Microfinance\">Microfinance</a>, however, plays a larger role, with 4% of Burundians being members of microfinance institutions \\xe2\\x80\\x93 a larger share of the population than that reached by banking and postal services combined. 26 licensed microfinance institutions (MFIs) offer savings, deposits and short- to medium-term credit. Dependence of the sector on donor assistance is limited.<sup id=\"cite_ref-122\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-122\">&#91;121&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Burundi is part of the <a href=\"/wiki/East_African_Community\" title=\"East African Community\">East African Community</a> and a potential member of the planned <a href=\"/wiki/East_African_Federation\" title=\"East African Federation\">East African Federation</a>. Economic growth in Burundi is relatively steady but Burundi is still behind neighbouring countries.<sup id=\"cite_ref-123\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-123\">&#91;122&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Currency\">Currency</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19\" title=\"Edit section: Currency\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_franc\" title=\"Burundian franc\">Burundian franc</a></div>\\n<p>Burundi\\'s currency is the <a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_franc\" title=\"Burundian franc\">Burundian franc</a> (ISO 4217 code BIF). It is nominally subdivided into 100 <a href=\"/wiki/Centime\" title=\"Centime\">centimes</a>, though coins have never been issued in centimes in independent Burundi; centime coins were circulated only when Burundi used the <a href=\"/wiki/Congolese_franc\" title=\"Congolese franc\">Belgian Congo franc</a>.\\n</p><p>Monetary policy is controlled by the <a href=\"/wiki/Central_bank\" title=\"Central bank\">central bank</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Burundi\" title=\"Bank of the Republic of Burundi\">Bank of the Republic of Burundi</a>.\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"toccolours\" style=\"margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center;\">\\n<tbody><tr><th style=\"background: #A7C3FF;\" colspan=\"2\"> Current BIF exchange rates</th>\\n</tr><tr>\\n<td>From <a href=\"/wiki/Google_Finance\" title=\"Google Finance\">Google Finance</a>:\\n</td>\\n<td><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.google.com/finance/quote/AUD-BIF\">AUD</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CAD-BIF\">CAD</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CHF-BIF\">CHF</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CNY-BIF\">CNY</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.google.com/finance/quote/EUR-BIF\">EUR</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.google.com/finance/quote/GBP-BIF\">GBP</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.google.com/finance/quote/HKD-BIF\">HKD</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.google.com/finance/quote/JPY-BIF\">JPY</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.google.com/finance/quote/USD-BIF\">USD</a>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td>From <a href=\"/wiki/Yahoo!_Finance\" title=\"Yahoo! Finance\">Yahoo! Finance</a>:\\n</td>\\n<td><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AUDBIF=X\">AUD</a>  <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CADBIF=X\">CAD</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CHFBIF=X\">CHF</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CNYBIF=X\">CNY</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/EURBIF=X\">EUR</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/GBPBIF=X\">GBP</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/HKDBIF=X\">HKD</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/JPYBIF=X\">JPY</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/USDBIF=X\">USD</a>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td>From <a href=\"/wiki/XE.com\" title=\"XE.com\">XE.com</a>:\\n</td>\\n<td><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&amp;From=AUD&amp;To=BIF\">AUD</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&amp;From=CAD&amp;To=BIF\">CAD</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&amp;From=CHF&amp;To=BIF\">CHF</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&amp;From=CNY&amp;To=BIF\">CNY</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&amp;From=EUR&amp;To=BIF\">EUR</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&amp;From=GBP&amp;To=BIF\">GBP</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&amp;From=HKD&amp;To=BIF\">HKD</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&amp;From=JPY&amp;To=BIF\">JPY</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&amp;From=USD&amp;To=BIF\">USD</a>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td>From OANDA:\\n</td>\\n<td><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&amp;from=AUD&amp;to=BIF\">AUD</a>  <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&amp;from=CAD&amp;to=BIF\">CAD</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&amp;from=CHF&amp;to=BIF\">CHF</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&amp;from=CNY&amp;to=BIF\">CNY</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&amp;from=EUR&amp;to=BIF\">EUR</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&amp;from=GBP&amp;to=BIF\">GBP</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&amp;from=HKD&amp;to=BIF\">HKD</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&amp;from=JPY&amp;to=BIF\">JPY</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&amp;from=USD&amp;to=BIF\">USD</a>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Transport\">Transport</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20\" title=\"Edit section: Transport\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Transport_in_Burundi\" title=\"Transport in Burundi\">Transport in Burundi</a></div>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:BujumburaAirport.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/BujumburaAirport.jpg/220px-BujumburaAirport.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"165\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/BujumburaAirport.jpg/330px-BujumburaAirport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/BujumburaAirport.jpg/440px-BujumburaAirport.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"2272\" data-file-height=\"1704\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:BujumburaAirport.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div><a href=\"/wiki/Bujumbura_International_Airport\" title=\"Bujumbura International Airport\">Bujumbura International Airport</a> terminal in Bujumbura</div></div></div>\\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Truck_and_bicylists_near_Gitega,_Burundi.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"two bicyclists hold on to back of truck descending a hill\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Truck_and_bicylists_near_Gitega%2C_Burundi.jpg/220px-Truck_and_bicylists_near_Gitega%2C_Burundi.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"117\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Truck_and_bicylists_near_Gitega%2C_Burundi.jpg/330px-Truck_and_bicylists_near_Gitega%2C_Burundi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Truck_and_bicylists_near_Gitega%2C_Burundi.jpg/440px-Truck_and_bicylists_near_Gitega%2C_Burundi.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"2162\" data-file-height=\"1147\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Truck_and_bicylists_near_Gitega,_Burundi.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Bicycles are a popular means of transport in Burundi</div></div></div>\\n<p>Burundi\\'s transport network is limited and underdeveloped. According to a 2012 <i>DHL Global Connectedness Index</i>, Burundi is the least globalised of 140 surveyed countries.<sup id=\"cite_ref-124\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-124\">&#91;123&#93;</a></sup> <a href=\"/wiki/Bujumbura_International_Airport\" title=\"Bujumbura International Airport\">Bujumbura International Airport</a> is the only airport with a paved runway and as of May 2017 it was serviced by four airlines (<a href=\"/wiki/Brussels_Airlines\" title=\"Brussels Airlines\">Brussels Airlines</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines\" title=\"Ethiopian Airlines\">Ethiopian Airlines</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Kenya_Airways\" title=\"Kenya Airways\">Kenya Airways</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/RwandAir\" title=\"RwandAir\">RwandAir</a>). <a href=\"/wiki/Kigali_International_Airport\" title=\"Kigali International Airport\">Kigali</a> is the city with the most daily flight connections to Bujumbura. The country has a road network but as of 2005<sup class=\"plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update\" style=\"display:none;\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit\">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup> less than 10% of the country\\'s roads were paved and as of 2012<sup class=\"plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update\" style=\"display:none;\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit\">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup> private bus companies were the main operators of buses on the international route to Kigali; however, there were no bus connections to the other neighbouring countries (Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of Congo).<sup id=\"cite_ref-125\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-125\">&#91;124&#93;</a></sup> Bujumbura is connected by a passenger and cargo ferry (the <a href=\"/wiki/MV_Mwongozo\" title=\"MV Mwongozo\">MV Mwongozo</a>) to <a href=\"/wiki/Kigoma\" title=\"Kigoma\">Kigoma</a> in Tanzania.<sup id=\"cite_ref-126\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-126\">&#91;125&#93;</a></sup> There is a <a href=\"/wiki/East_African_Railway_Master_Plan\" title=\"East African Railway Master Plan\">long-term plan</a> to link the country via rail to Kigali and then onward to Kampala and Kenya.\\n</p>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Demographics\">Demographics</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21\" title=\"Edit section: Demographics\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Burundi_tradition.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Burundi_tradition.jpg/220px-Burundi_tradition.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"147\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Burundi_tradition.jpg/330px-Burundi_tradition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Burundi_tradition.jpg/440px-Burundi_tradition.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"1080\" data-file-height=\"720\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Burundi_tradition.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Men in colourful clothing with drums</div></div></div>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Children_in_Bujumbura.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"three children looking directly at camera\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Children_in_Bujumbura.jpg/220px-Children_in_Bujumbura.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"165\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Children_in_Bujumbura.jpg/330px-Children_in_Bujumbura.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Children_in_Bujumbura.jpg/440px-Children_in_Bujumbura.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"960\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Children_in_Bujumbura.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Children in Bujumbura, Burundi</div></div></div>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main articles: <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Burundi\" title=\"Demographics of Burundi\">Demographics of Burundi</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Languages_of_Burundi\" title=\"Languages of Burundi\">Languages of Burundi</a></div>\\n<p>As of October 2021, Burundi was estimated by the <a href=\"/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs#Divisions\" title=\"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs\">United Nations</a> to have a population of 12,346,893 people,<sup id=\"cite_ref-UN_WPP_127-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-UN_WPP-127\">&#91;126&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_128-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-128\">&#91;127&#93;</a></sup> compared to only 2,456,000 in 1950.<sup id=\"cite_ref-129\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-129\">&#91;128&#93;</a></sup> The <a href=\"/wiki/Population_growth_rate\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Population growth rate\">population growth rate</a> is 2.5 percent per year, more than double the average global pace, and a Burundian woman has on average 5.10 children, more than double the international <a href=\"/wiki/Fertility_rate\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Fertility rate\">fertility rate</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FP-March_130-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FP-March-130\">&#91;129&#93;</a></sup> Burundi had the tenth highest <a href=\"/wiki/Total_fertility_rate\" title=\"Total fertility rate\">total fertility rate</a> in the world, just behind Somalia, in 2021.<sup id=\"cite_ref-cia_21-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cia-21\">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Many Burundians have migrated to other countries as a result of the civil war. In 2006, the United States accepted approximately 10,000 Burundian refugees.<sup id=\"cite_ref-131\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-131\">&#91;130&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Burundi remains an overwhelmingly rural society, with just 13% of the population living in urban areas in 2013.<sup id=\"cite_ref-cia_21-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cia-21\">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup> The population density of around 315 people per square kilometre (753 per sq&#160;mi) is the second highest in <a href=\"/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa\" title=\"Sub-Saharan Africa\">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-state_16-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-state-16\">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> Roughly 85% of the population are of <a href=\"/wiki/Hutu\" title=\"Hutu\">Hutu</a> ethnic origin, 15% are <a href=\"/wiki/Tutsi\" title=\"Tutsi\">Tutsi</a> and fewer than 1% are indigenous <a href=\"/wiki/Great_Lakes_Twa\" title=\"Great Lakes Twa\">Twa</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-autogenerated3_22-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-autogenerated3-22\">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The <a href=\"/wiki/Official_language\" title=\"Official language\">official languages</a> of Burundi are <a href=\"/wiki/Kirundi_language\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kirundi language\">Kirundi</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/French_language\" title=\"French language\">French</a>, and <a href=\"/wiki/English_language\" title=\"English language\">English</a>. English has been determined to the official languages in 2014.<sup id=\"cite_ref-132\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-132\">&#91;131&#93;</a></sup> Virtually the entire population speaks Kirundi, and just under 10% speak French.<sup id=\"cite_ref-133\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-133\">&#91;132&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1147944287\">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0}</style>\\n<div>\\n<table style=\"font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th colspan=\"10\" style=\"padding:0.3em 0.75em;\"><div style=\"float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em\">&#160;</div><div style=\"float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em\">&#160;</div> <div style=\"height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;\"><span style=\"font-size:110%;\">Largest cities or towns in Burundi</span><br /><div style=\"display:inline;font-weight:normal;\">According to the 2008 Census<sup id=\"cite_ref-134\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-134\">&#91;133&#93;</a></sup></div></div>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th></th>\\n<th>Rank\\n</th>\\n<th><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Burundi\" title=\"List of cities in Burundi\">Name</a>\\n</th>\\n<th><a href=\"/wiki/Provinces_of_Burundi\" title=\"Provinces of Burundi\">Province</a>\\n</th>\\n<th>Pop.\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td rowspan=\"11\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg\" class=\"image\" title=\"Bujumbura\"><img alt=\"Bujumbura\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg/120px-BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"90\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg/180px-BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg/240px-BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"2272\" data-file-height=\"1704\" /></a><br /><a href=\"/wiki/Bujumbura\" title=\"Bujumbura\">Bujumbura</a><br /><a href=\"/wiki/File:Gitega.JPG\" class=\"image\" title=\"Gitega\"><img alt=\"Gitega\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gitega.JPG/120px-Gitega.JPG\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"90\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gitega.JPG/180px-Gitega.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gitega.JPG/240px-Gitega.JPG 2x\" data-file-width=\"3072\" data-file-height=\"2304\" /></a><br /><a href=\"/wiki/Gitega\" title=\"Gitega\">Gitega</a>\\n</td>\\n<td class=\"largestCities-cell-background\" style=\"text-align:center;\">1</td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Bujumbura\" title=\"Bujumbura\">Bujumbura</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Bujumbura_Mairie\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Bujumbura Mairie\">Bujumbura Mairie</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\">497,166\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td class=\"largestCities-cell-background\" style=\"text-align:center;\">2</td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Gitega\" title=\"Gitega\">Gitega</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Gitega_Province\" title=\"Gitega Province\">Gitega</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\">41,944\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td class=\"largestCities-cell-background\" style=\"text-align:center;\">3</td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Ngozi,_Burundi\" title=\"Ngozi, Burundi\">Ngozi</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Ngozi_Province\" title=\"Ngozi Province\">Ngozi</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\">39,884\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td class=\"largestCities-cell-background\" style=\"text-align:center;\">4</td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Rumonge\" title=\"Rumonge\">Rumonge</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Bururi\" title=\"Bururi\">Bururi</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\">35,931\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td class=\"largestCities-cell-background\" style=\"text-align:center;\">5</td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Cibitoke\" title=\"Cibitoke\">Cibitoke</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Cibitoke_Province\" title=\"Cibitoke Province\">Cibitoke</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\">23,885\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td class=\"largestCities-cell-background\" style=\"text-align:center;\">6</td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Kayanza\" title=\"Kayanza\">Kayanza</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Kayanza\" title=\"Kayanza\">Kayanza</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\">21,767\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td class=\"largestCities-cell-background\" style=\"text-align:center;\">7</td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Bubanza\" title=\"Bubanza\">Bubanza</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Bubanza\" title=\"Bubanza\">Bubanza</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\">20,031\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td class=\"largestCities-cell-background\" style=\"text-align:center;\">8</td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Gatumba\" title=\"Gatumba\">Gatumba</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Bujumbura_Rural_Province\" title=\"Bujumbura Rural Province\">Bujumbura Rural</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\">11,700\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td class=\"largestCities-cell-background\" style=\"text-align:center;\">9</td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Karuzi\" title=\"Karuzi\">Karuzi</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Karuzi\" title=\"Karuzi\">Karuzi</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\">10,317\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td class=\"largestCities-cell-background\" style=\"text-align:center;\">10</td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Kirundo\" title=\"Kirundo\">Kirundo</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:left;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Kirundo\" title=\"Kirundo\">Kirundo</a></td>\\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\">10,024\\n</td></tr>\\n</tbody></table></div>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Religion\">Religion</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22\" title=\"Edit section: Religion\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Religion_in_Burundi\" title=\"Religion in Burundi\">Religion in Burundi</a></div>\\n<p>Sources estimate the Christian population at 80\\xe2\\x80\\x9390%, with Roman Catholics representing the largest group at 60\\xe2\\x80\\x9365%. <a href=\"/wiki/Protestantism\" title=\"Protestantism\">Protestant</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Anglicanism\" title=\"Anglicanism\">Anglican</a> practitioners constitute the remaining 15\\xe2\\x80\\x9325%. An estimated 5% of the population adheres to traditional indigenous religious beliefs. Muslims constitute 2\\xe2\\x80\\x935%, the majority of whom are <a href=\"/wiki/Sunni_Islam\" title=\"Sunni Islam\">Sunnis</a> and live in urban areas.<sup id=\"cite_ref-cia_21-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cia-21\">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-pew_135-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-pew-135\">&#91;134&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-state2010_136-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-state2010-136\">&#91;135&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Health\">Health</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23\" title=\"Edit section: Health\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Health_in_Burundi\" title=\"Health in Burundi\">Health in Burundi</a></div>\\n<p>Burundi has the worst hunger and malnourishment rates of all 120 countries ranked in the <a href=\"/wiki/Global_Hunger_Index\" title=\"Global Hunger Index\">Global Hunger Index</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FP-March_130-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FP-March-130\">&#91;129&#93;</a></sup> The civil war in 1962 put a stop on the medical advancements in the country.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_137-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-137\">&#91;136&#93;</a></sup> Burundi, again, went into a violent cycle in 2015, jeopardising the citizens of Burundi\\'s medical care.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_138-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-138\">&#91;137&#93;</a></sup> Like many Sub-Saharan Africa countries, Burundi uses indigenous medicine in addition to biomedicine. In the 1980s Burundi\\'s health authorities asked the United Nations Development Program for support to develop quality control and begin new research on pharmaceuticals from medicinal plants.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_137-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-137\">&#91;136&#93;</a></sup> At the same time, the Burundi Association of Traditional Practitioners (ATRADIBU) was founded, which teamed up with the governments agency to set up the Centre for Research and Promotion of Traditional Medicine in Burundi (CRPMT).<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_137-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-137\">&#91;136&#93;</a></sup> The recent influx of international aid has supported the work of biomedical health systems in Burundi. However, international aid workers have traditionally stayed away from indigenous medicine in Burundi.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_137-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-137\">&#91;136&#93;</a></sup> As of 2015, roughly 1 out of 10 children in Burundi die before the age of 5 from preventable and treatable illnesses such as pneumonia, diarrhoea, and malaria.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_138-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-138\">&#91;137&#93;</a></sup> The current violence in Burundi has limited the country\\'s access to medication and hospital equipment. Burundi\\'s life expectancy, as of 2015, was 60.1 years.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_139-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-139\">&#91;138&#93;</a></sup> In 2013, Burundi spent 8% of their GDP on healthcare.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_139-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-139\">&#91;138&#93;</a></sup> While Burundi\\'s fertility rate is 6.1 children per women, the country\\'s mortality rate is 61.9 deaths for every 1,000 live births.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_139-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-139\">&#91;138&#93;</a></sup> According to the <a href=\"/wiki/WHO\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"WHO\">WHO</a>, the average life expectancy in the country is 58/62 years.<sup id=\"cite_ref-140\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-140\">&#91;139&#93;</a></sup> Common diseases in Burundi include malaria and typhoid fever.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_139-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-139\">&#91;138&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Culture\">Culture</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24\" title=\"Edit section: Culture\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Gitega_drums.JPG\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"four drums in courtyard\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gitega_drums.JPG/220px-Gitega_drums.JPG\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"165\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gitega_drums.JPG/330px-Gitega_drums.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gitega_drums.JPG/440px-Gitega_drums.JPG 2x\" data-file-width=\"3072\" data-file-height=\"2304\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Gitega_drums.JPG\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Drums from <a href=\"/wiki/Gitega\" title=\"Gitega\">Gitega</a>.</div></div></div>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main articles: <a href=\"/wiki/Culture_of_Burundi\" title=\"Culture of Burundi\">Culture of Burundi</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Tourism_in_Burundi\" title=\"Tourism in Burundi\">Tourism in Burundi</a>, and <a href=\"/wiki/Music_of_Burundi\" title=\"Music of Burundi\">Music of Burundi</a></div>\\n<p>Burundi\\'s culture is based on local tradition and the influence of neighbouring countries, though cultural prominence has been hindered by <a href=\"/wiki/Civil_unrest\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Civil unrest\">civil unrest</a>. Since farming is the main industry, a typical Burundian meal consists of <a href=\"/wiki/Sweet_potato\" title=\"Sweet potato\">sweet potatoes</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Maize\" title=\"Maize\">corn</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Rice\" title=\"Rice\">rice</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Pea\" title=\"Pea\">peas</a>. Due to the expense, meat is eaten only a few times per month.\\n</p><p>When several Burundians of close acquaintance meet for a gathering they drink <i>impeke</i>, a beer, together from a large container to symbolise unity.<sup id=\"cite_ref-141\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-141\">&#91;140&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Notable Burundians include the footballer <a href=\"/wiki/Mohammed_Tchit%C3%A9\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Mohammed Tchit\\xc3\\xa9\">Mohammed Tchit\\xc3\\xa9</a> and singer <a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Nimbona\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Jean-Pierre Nimbona\">Jean-Pierre Nimbona</a>, popularly known as Kidumu (who is based in <a href=\"/wiki/Nairobi\" title=\"Nairobi\">Nairobi</a>, Kenya).\\n</p><p>Crafts are an important art form in Burundi and are attractive gifts to many tourists. Basket weaving is a popular craft for local artisans.<sup id=\"cite_ref-142\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-142\">&#91;141&#93;</a></sup> Other crafts such as masks, shields, statues and pottery are made in Burundi.<sup id=\"cite_ref-r1_143-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-r1-143\">&#91;142&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Drumming is an important part of the cultural heritage. The world-famous <a href=\"/wiki/Royal_Drummers_of_Burundi\" title=\"Royal Drummers of Burundi\">Royal Drummers of Burundi</a>, who have performed for over 40 years, are noted for traditional drumming using the <a href=\"/wiki/Karyenda\" title=\"Karyenda\">karyenda</a>, amashako, ibishikiso and ikiranya drums.<sup id=\"cite_ref-144\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-144\">&#91;143&#93;</a></sup> Dance often accompanies drumming performance, which is frequently seen in celebrations and family gatherings. The abatimbo, which is performed at official ceremonies and rituals and the fast-paced abanyagasimbo are some famous Burundian dances. Some musical instruments of note are the flute, <a href=\"/wiki/Zither\" title=\"Zither\">zither</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ikembe\" title=\"Ikembe\">ikembe</a>, indonongo, <a href=\"/wiki/Umuduri\" title=\"Umuduri\">umuduri</a>, inanga and the inyagara.<sup id=\"cite_ref-r1_143-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-r1-143\">&#91;142&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Le_Match.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"five men playing football one red and black striped jersey and four in yellow jersey\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Le_Match.jpg/220px-Le_Match.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"146\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Le_Match.jpg/330px-Le_Match.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Le_Match.jpg/440px-Le_Match.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"721\" data-file-height=\"480\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Le_Match.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Football in Burundi</div></div></div>\\n<p>The country\\'s <a href=\"/wiki/Oral_tradition\" title=\"Oral tradition\">oral tradition</a> is strong, relaying history and life lessons through storytelling, poetry and song. Imigani, indirimbo, amazina and ivyivugo are literary genres in Burundi.<sup id=\"cite_ref-145\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-145\">&#91;144&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Basketball and track and field are noted sports. Martial arts are popular, as well. There are five major judo clubs: Club Judo de l\\'Entente Sportive, in Downtown, and four others throughout the city.<sup id=\"cite_ref-146\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-146\">&#91;145&#93;</a></sup> <a href=\"/wiki/Association_football\" title=\"Association football\">Association football</a> is a popular pastime throughout the country, as are <a href=\"/wiki/Mancala\" title=\"Mancala\">mancala</a> games.\\n</p><p>Most Christian holidays are celebrated, with Christmas being the largest.<sup id=\"cite_ref-147\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-147\">&#91;146&#93;</a></sup> Burundian Independence Day is celebrated annually on 1 July.<sup id=\"cite_ref-148\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-148\">&#91;147&#93;</a></sup> In 2005, the Burundian government declared <a href=\"/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr\" title=\"Eid al-Fitr\">Eid al-Fitr</a>, an Islamic holiday, to be a public holiday.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Burundi_celebrates_Muslim_holiday_149-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Burundi_celebrates_Muslim_holiday-149\">&#91;148&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Media\">Media</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25\" title=\"Edit section: Media\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">See also: <a href=\"/wiki/Media_of_Burundi\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Media of Burundi\">Media of Burundi</a></div>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Education\">Education</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26\" title=\"Edit section: Education\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1097763485\"/><table class=\"box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update\" role=\"presentation\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"mbox-image\"><div class=\"mbox-image-div\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"42\" height=\"34\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"360\" data-file-height=\"290\" /></div></td><td class=\"mbox-text\"><div class=\"mbox-text-span\">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class=\"hide-when-compact\"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span>  <span class=\"date-container\"><i>(<span class=\"date\">June 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Carolus_Magnus_Schule-Burundi.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"group of children at school in white shirt and khaki shorts uniforms\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Carolus_Magnus_Schule-Burundi.jpg/220px-Carolus_Magnus_Schule-Burundi.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"147\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Carolus_Magnus_Schule-Burundi.jpg/330px-Carolus_Magnus_Schule-Burundi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Carolus_Magnus_Schule-Burundi.jpg/440px-Carolus_Magnus_Schule-Burundi.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"536\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Carolus_Magnus_Schule-Burundi.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Carolus Magnus School in Burundi. The school benefits from the campaign \"Your Day for Africa\" by Aktion Tagwerk.</div></div></div>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096\"/><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Education_in_Burundi\" title=\"Education in Burundi\">Education in Burundi</a></div>\\n<p>In 2009, the adult <a href=\"/wiki/Literacy\" title=\"Literacy\">literacy</a> rate in Burundi was estimated to be 67% (73% male and 61% female), with a literacy rate of 77% and 76%, respectively, for men and women between the ages of 15 to 24.<sup id=\"cite_ref-150\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-150\">&#91;149&#93;</a></sup> By 2015, this had increased to 85.6% (88.2% male and 83.1% female).<sup id=\"cite_ref-151\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-151\">&#91;150&#93;</a></sup> Literacy among adult women has increased by 17% since 2002.<sup id=\"cite_ref-152\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-152\">&#91;151&#93;</a></sup> Burundi\\'s literacy rate is relatively low due to low school attendance and because literacy in Kirundi only provides access to materials printed in that language, though it is higher than many other African countries. Ten percent of Burundian boys are allowed a secondary education.<sup id=\"cite_ref-153\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-153\">&#91;152&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Burundi has one public university, <a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Burundi\" title=\"University of Burundi\">University of Burundi</a>. There are museums in the cities, such as the <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi_Geological_Museum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Burundi Geological Museum (page does not exist)\">Burundi Geological Museum</a> in <a href=\"/wiki/Bujumbura\" title=\"Bujumbura\">Bujumbura</a> and the <a href=\"/wiki/Burundi_National_Museum\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Burundi National Museum\">Burundi National Museum</a> and the <a href=\"/wiki/Burundi_Museum_of_Life\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Burundi Museum of Life\">Burundi Museum of Life</a> in <a href=\"/wiki/Gitega\" title=\"Gitega\">Gitega</a>.\\n</p><p>In 2010 a new elementary school was opened in the small village of Rwoga that is funded by the pupils of Westwood High School, Quebec, Canada.<sup id=\"cite_ref-154\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-154\">&#91;153&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-155\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-155\">&#91;154&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>As of 2018, Burundi invested the equivalent of 5.1% of its GDP in education.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021_156-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021-156\">&#91;155&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Science_and_technology\">Science and technology</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27\" title=\"Edit section: Science and technology\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\\n<p>Burundi\\'s <i>Strategic Plan for Science, Technology, Research and Innovation</i> (2013) covers the following areas: food technology; medical sciences; energy, mining and transportation; water; desertification; environmental biotechnology and indigenous knowledge; materials science; engineering and industry; ICTs; space sciences; mathematical sciences; and social and human sciences.\\n</p><p>With regard to material sciences, Burundi\\'s publication intensity doubled from 0.6 to 1.2 articles per million inhabitants between 2012 and 2019, placing it in the top 15 for sub-Saharan Africa for this strategic technology.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021_156-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021-156\">&#91;155&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Medical sciences remain the main focus of research: medical researchers accounted for 4% of the country\\'s scientists in 2018 but 41% of scientific publications between 2011 and 2019.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021_156-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021-156\">&#91;155&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The focus of the <i>Strategic Plan for Science, Technology, Research and Innovation</i> (2013) has been on developing an institutional framework and infrastructure, fostering greater regional and international co-operation and placing science in society. In October 2014, the EAC Secretariat designated the National Institute of Public Health a centre of excellence. Data are unavailable on output on nutritional sciences, the institute\\'s area of specialization, but between 2011 and 2019, Burundi scientists produced seven articles on each of HIV and tropical communicable diseases and a further five on tuberculosis, all focus areas for the <a href=\"/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals\" title=\"Sustainable Development Goals\">Sustainable Development Goals</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021_156-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021-156\">&#91;155&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The <i>Strategic Plan</i> has also focused on training researchers. Researcher density (in head counts) grew from 40 to 55 researchers per million inhabitants between 2011 and 2018. The amount of funding available to each researcher more than doubled from PPP$14,310 (constant 2005 values) to PPP$22,480, since the domestic research effort has also risen since 2012, from 0.11% to 0.21% of GDP.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021_156-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021-156\">&#91;155&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Burundi has almost tripled its scientific output since 2011 but the pace has not picked up since the adoption of the <a href=\"/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals\" title=\"Sustainable Development Goals\">Sustainable Development Goals</a> in 2015. With six scientific publications per million inhabitants, Burundi still has one of the lowest publication rate in Central and East Africa.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021_156-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021-156\">&#91;155&#93;</a></sup> Some 97.5% of publications involved foreign co-authorship between 2017 and 2019, with Ugandans figuring among the top five partners.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021_156-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021-156\">&#91;155&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"See_also\">See also</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28\" title=\"Edit section: See also\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1132942124\">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Portals\" class=\"noprint portalbox portalborder portalright\">\\n<li class=\"portalbox-entry\"><span class=\"portalbox-image\"><img alt=\"flag\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/32px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"32\" height=\"19\" class=\"noviewer thumbborder\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/48px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/64px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></span><span class=\"portalbox-link\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portal:Burundi\" title=\"Portal:Burundi\">Burundi portal</a></span></li></ul>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Outline_of_Burundi\" title=\"Outline of Burundi\">Outline of Burundi</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Index_of_Burundi-related_articles\" title=\"Index of Burundi-related articles\">Index of Burundi-related articles</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wildlife_of_Burundi\" title=\"Wildlife of Burundi\">Wildlife of Burundi</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/National_Defence_Force_(Burundi)\" title=\"National Defence Force (Burundi)\">National Defence Force (Burundi)</a></li>\\n<li class=\"mw-empty-elt\"></li>\\n<li class=\"mw-empty-elt\"></li></ul>\\n<div style=\"clear:both;\"></div>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Notes\">Notes</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29\" title=\"Edit section: Notes\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1011085734\">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class=\"reflist reflist-lower-alpha\">\\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap\"><ol class=\"references\">\\n<li id=\"cite_note-central_cities-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-central_cities_1-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-central_cities_1-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">While Gitega has been established as the political capital, Bujumbura is still the seat of the government and economic capital.</span>\\n</li>\\n</ol></div></div>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1011085734\"/><div class=\"reflist\">\\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\"><ol class=\"references\">\\n<li id=\"cite_note-Central_Intelligence_Agency_2018-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Central_Intelligence_Agency_2018_2-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1133582631\">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\\\"\"\"\\\\\"\"\"\\'\"\"\\'\"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg\")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burundi/\">\"The World Factbook \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Burundi\"</a>. <i>Central Intelligence Agency</i>. 7 August 2018<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">13 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Central+Intelligence+Agency&amp;rft.atitle=The+World+Factbook+%E2%80%93+Burundi&amp;rft.date=2018-08-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fburundi%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=38c\">\"National Profiles\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=National+Profiles&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2Fworld-religion%2Fnational-profiles%3Fu%3D38c&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-auto-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-auto_4-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-auto_4-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-auto_4-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">\"Kingdom of Burundi\". Encyclop\\xc3\\xa6dia Britannica (Online ed.). Retrieved 15 October 2016.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-ISTEEBU-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-ISTEEBU_5-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-ISTEEBU_5-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170728161954/http://isteebu.bi/index.php/economie-en-bref\">\"Quelques donn\\xc3\\xa9es pour le Burundi\"</a> (in French). ISTEEBU. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.isteebu.bi/index.php/economie-en-bref\">the original</a> on 28 July 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">17 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Quelques+donn%C3%A9es+pour+le+Burundi&amp;rft.pub=ISTEEBU&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isteebu.bi%2Findex.php%2Feconomie-en-bref&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160607125402/http://www.isteebu.bi/images/annuaires/annuaire%202013%20pdf%20fin.pdf\">Annuaire statistique du Burundi</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span> (Report) (in French). ISTEEBU. July 2015. p.&#160;105. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.isteebu.bi/images/annuaires/annuaire%202013%20pdf%20fin.pdf\">the original</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span> on 7 June 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">17 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.btitle=Annuaire+statistique+du+Burundi&amp;rft.pages=105&amp;rft.pub=ISTEEBU&amp;rft.date=2015-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isteebu.bi%2Fimages%2Fannuaires%2Fannuaire%25202013%2520pdf%2520fin.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.isteebu.bi/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/PROJECTIONS-COMMUNALES-020620-rapport-VF.pdf\">\"Projections Demographiques au niveau communal 2010-2050\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.isteebu.bi</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210428235555/https://www.isteebu.bi/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/PROJECTIONS-COMMUNALES-020620-rapport-VF.pdf\">Archived</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 April 2021<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">22 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.isteebu.bi&amp;rft.atitle=Projections+Demographiques+au+niveau+communal+2010-2050&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isteebu.bi%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F07%2FPROJECTIONS-COMMUNALES-020620-rapport-VF.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-imf.org-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-imf.org_8-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-imf.org_8-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-imf.org_8-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-imf.org_8-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October\">\"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022\"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. <a href=\"/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund\" title=\"International Monetary Fund\">International Monetary Fund</a>. October 2022<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">11 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IMF.org&amp;rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2022&amp;rft.date=2022-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2022%2FOctober&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx\">\"Gini Index, World Bank Estimate\"</a>. <i>World Development Indicators</i>. The World Bank. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150626193432/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx\">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">13 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=World+Development+Indicators&amp;rft.atitle=Gini+Index%2C+World+Bank+Estimate&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdatabank.worldbank.org%2Fdata%2Fviews%2Freports%2Ftableview.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-UNHDR-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-UNHDR_10-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation book cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf\"><i>Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene</i></a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp.&#160;343\\xe2\\x80\\x93346. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-1-126442-5\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-92-1-126442-5\"><bdi>978-92-1-126442-5</bdi></a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">16 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2020+The+Next+Frontier%3A+Human+Development+and+the+Anthropocene&amp;rft.pages=343-346&amp;rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&amp;rft.date=2020-12-15&amp;rft.isbn=978-92-1-126442-5&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fhdr2020.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.presidence.gov.bi/2018/07/03/6271/\">\"Constitution de la R\\xc3\\xa9publique du Burundi promulgu\\xc3\\xa9e le 07 juin 2018\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Constitution+de+la+R%C3%A9publique+du+Burundi+promulgu%C3%A9e+le+07+juin+2018&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidence.gov.bi%2F2018%2F07%2F03%2F6271%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-capital-change-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-capital-change_12-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.presidence.gov.bi/2019/02/13/loi-n104-du-04-fevrier-2019-portant-fixation-de-la-capitale-politique-et-de-la-capitale-economique-du-burundi/\">\"Loi n\\xc2\\xb01/04 du 04 f\\xc3\\xa9vrier 2019 portant Fixation de la Capitale Politique et de la Capitale Economique du Burundi\"</a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">24 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Loi+n%C2%B01%2F04+du+04+f%C3%A9vrier+2019+portant+Fixation+de+la+Capitale+Politique+et+de+la+Capitale+Economique+du+Burundi&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidence.gov.bi%2F2019%2F02%2F13%2Floi-n104-du-04-fevrier-2019-portant-fixation-de-la-capitale-politique-et-de-la-capitale-economique-du-burundi%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFStrizek2006\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Strizek, Helmut (2006). <i>Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft</i> &#91;<i>Donated colonies: Rwanda and Burundi under German rule</i>&#93;. Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3861533900\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-3861533900\"><bdi>978-3861533900</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Geschenkte+Kolonien%3A+Ruanda+und+Burundi+unter+deutscher+Herrschaft&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Ch.+Links+Verlag&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-3861533900&amp;rft.aulast=Strizek&amp;rft.aufirst=Helmut&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-EBArchived-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-EBArchived_14-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-EBArchived_14-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-EBArchived_14-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation encyclopaedia cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.britannica.com/place/German-East-Africa\">\"German East Africa | former German dependency, Africa\"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170902012730/https://www.britannica.com/place/German-East-Africa\">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">16 September</span> 2017</span>. <q>In archived text: German East Africa, German Deutsch-Ostafrika, former dependency of imperial Germany, corresponding to present-day Rwanda and Burundi, the continental portion of Tanzania, and a small section of Mozambique. Penetration of the area was begun in 1884 by German commercial agents, and German claims were recognized by the other European powers in the period 1885\\xe2\\x80\\x9394. In 1891 the German imperial government took over administration of the area from the German East Africa Company. Although its subjugation was not completed until 1907, the colony experienced considerable economic development before World War I. During the war it was occupied by the British, who received a mandate to administer the greater part of it (Tanganyika Territory) by the Treaty of Versailles (signed June 1919; enacted January 1920). A smaller portion (Ruanda-Urundi) was entrusted to Belgium.</q></cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=German+East+Africa+%7C+former+German+dependency%2C+Africa&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FGerman-East-Africa&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-xlix-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-xlix_15-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-xlix_15-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"#Eggers\">Eggers</a>, p. xlix.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-state-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-state_16-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-state_16-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-state_16-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-state_16-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-state_16-4\"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-state_16-5\"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-state_16-6\"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-state_16-7\"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-state_16-8\"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-state_16-9\"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-state_16-10\"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-state_16-11\"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-state_16-12\"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2821.htm\">Background Note: Burundi</a>. <a href=\"/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State\" title=\"United States Department of State\">United States Department of State</a>. February 2008. Retrieved on 28 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-autogenerated8-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-autogenerated8_17-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-autogenerated8_17-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090617232030/http://www.ictj.org/en/where/region1/512.html\">\"Burundi\"</a>. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">27 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Burundi&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ictj.org%2Fen%2Fwhere%2Fregion1%2F512.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\">cite web</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">link</a>)</span> International Center for Transitional Justice. Retrieved on 27 July 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-PH-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-PH_18-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-PH_18-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090105115403/http://dev.prenhall.com/divisions/hss/worldreference/BI/politics.html\">\"Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Politics\"</a>. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">21 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Burundi+%E2%80%93+Politics&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdev.prenhall.com%2Fdivisions%2Fhss%2Fworldreference%2FBI%2Fpolitics.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\">cite web</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">link</a>)</span> From \"The Financial Times World Desk Reference\". Dorling Kindersley. 2004. Prentice Hall. Retrieved on 30 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-unburundi-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-unburundi_19-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-unburundi_19-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-unburundi_19-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-unburundi_19-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation journal cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023253.pdf\">\"Republic of Burundi: Public Administration Country Profile\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. <i>United Nations\\' Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM)</i>: 5\\xe2\\x80\\x937. July 2004. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20081001231041/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023253.pdf\">Archived</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span> from the original on 1 October 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">20 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=United+Nations%27+Division+for+Public+Administration+and+Development+Management+%28DPADM%29&amp;rft.atitle=Republic+of+Burundi%3A+Public+Administration+Country+Profile&amp;rft.pages=5-7&amp;rft.date=2004-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funpan1.un.org%2Fintradoc%2Fgroups%2Fpublic%2Fdocuments%2Fun%2Funpan023253.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.voanews.com/a/burundi-icc-withdrawal/3568311.html\">\"Burundi Officially Informs UN of Intent to Leave ICC\"</a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161125110448/http://www.voanews.com/a/burundi-icc-withdrawal/3568311.html\">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2016.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi+Officially+Informs+UN+of+Intent+to+Leave+ICC&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fburundi-icc-withdrawal%2F3568311.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-cia-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-cia_21-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-cia_21-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-cia_21-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-cia_21-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-cia_21-4\"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-cia_21-5\"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-cia_21-6\"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-cia_21-7\"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burundi/\">CIA \\xe2\\x80\\x93 The World Factbook \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Burundi</a>  <a href=\"/wiki/CIA\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"CIA\">CIA</a>. Retrieved 8 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-autogenerated3-22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-autogenerated3_22-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-autogenerated3_22-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"#Eggers\">Eggers</a>, p. ix.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-official-23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-official_23-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFMaurer2016\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Maurer, Sous la direction de Bruno (1 October 2016). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=2OA9DQAAQBAJ&amp;q=langues+officielles+au+burundi+kirundi+fran%C3%A7ais+anglais&amp;pg=PA104\"><i>Les approches bi-plurilingues d\\'enseignement-apprentissage: autour du programme \\xc3\\x89coles et langues nationales en Afrique (ELAN-Afrique): Actes du colloque du 26\\xe2\\x80\\x9327 mars 2015, Universit\\xc3\\xa9 Paul-Val\\xc3\\xa9ry, Montpellier, France</i></a>. Archives contemporaines. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782813001955\" title=\"Special:BookSources/9782813001955\"><bdi>9782813001955</bdi></a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180410203233/https://books.google.com/books?id=2OA9DQAAQBAJ&amp;lpg=PA104&amp;ots=tFzjIGhvwU&amp;dq=langues+officielles+au+burundi+kirundi+fran%C3%A7ais+anglais&amp;hl=ru&amp;pg=PA104\">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2018<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">10 April</span> 2018</span> &#8211; via Google Books.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+approches+bi-plurilingues+d%27enseignement-apprentissage%3A+autour+du+programme+%C3%89coles+et+langues+nationales+en+Afrique+%28ELAN-Afrique%29%3A+Actes+du+colloque+du+26%E2%80%9327+mars+2015%2C+Universit%C3%A9+Paul-Val%C3%A9ry%2C+Montpellier%2C+France&amp;rft.pub=Archives+contemporaines&amp;rft.date=2016-10-01&amp;rft.isbn=9782813001955&amp;rft.aulast=Maurer&amp;rft.aufirst=Sous+la+direction+de+Bruno&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2OA9DQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dlangues%2Bofficielles%2Bau%2Bburundi%2Bkirundi%2Bfran%25C3%25A7ais%2Banglais%26pg%3DPA104&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-autogenerated4-24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-autogenerated4_24-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bermingham, Eldredge, Dick, Christopher W. and Moritz, Craig (2005). <i>Tropical Rainforests: Past, Present, and Future</i>. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, p. 146. <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-04468-8\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-226-04468-8\">0-226-04468-8</a></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-25\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-25\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFButler2006\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Butler, Rhett A. (2006). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://rainforests.mongabay.com/20burundi.htm\">\"Burundi\"</a>. <i>Mongabay</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20060505214856/https://rainforests.mongabay.com/20burundi.htm\">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2006.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Mongabay&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.aulast=Butler&amp;rft.aufirst=Rhett+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frainforests.mongabay.com%2F20burundi.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-auto1-26\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-auto1_26-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-auto1_26-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFCollinson2018\" class=\"citation news cs1\">Collinson, Patrick (14 March 2018). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/14/finland-happiest-country-world-un-report\">\"Finland is the happiest country in the world, says UN report\"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180314234610/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/14/finland-happiest-country-world-un-report\">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2018<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">15 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Finland+is+the+happiest+country+in+the+world%2C+says+UN+report&amp;rft.date=2018-03-14&amp;rft.aulast=Collinson&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fmar%2F14%2Ffinland-happiest-country-world-un-report&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-27\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-27\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.thehistorytalk.com/civil-war-top-war-countries/burundi/kingdom-of-burundi\">\"Kingdom of Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Discover your Country\\'s Long History\"</a>. <i>www.thehistorytalk.com</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.thehistorytalk.com&amp;rft.atitle=Kingdom+of+Burundi+%E2%80%93+Discover+your+Country%27s+Long+History&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehistorytalk.com%2Fcivil-war-top-war-countries%2Fburundi%2Fkingdom-of-burundi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-28\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-28\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Uvin, Peter. 1999. \"Ethnicity and Power in Burundi and Rwanda: Different Paths to Mass Violence\" in Comparative Politics, Vol. 31, No. 3 (Apr. 1999), pp. 253\\xe2\\x80\\x93272 Published by: Comparative Politics, Ph.D. Programs in Political Science, City University of New York. Page 254.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-29\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-29\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">VANDEGINSTE, S., Stones left unturned: law and transitional justice in Burundi, Antwerp-Oxford-Portland, Intersentia, 2010, p 17.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-30\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-30\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">R. O. Collins &amp; J. M. Burns. 2007. A History of Sub-Saharan Africa, Cambridge University Press. Page 125.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-31\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-31\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Chr\\xc3\\xa9tien, Jean-Pierre (2003). The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-890951-34-4\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-1-890951-34-4\">978-1-890951-34-4</a>.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-weissman-32\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-weissman_32-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-weissman_32-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">WEISSMAN, S., Preventing genocide in Burundi: lessons from international diplomacy, Washington D.C., United States Institute of Peace Press, 1998, p5.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-33\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-33\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150701141046/http://www.cmo.nl/conflictenbank/index.php?Afrika:Grote-Merengebied:Burundi\">\"Burundi\"</a>. 1 July 2015. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.cmo.nl/conflictenbank/index.php?Afrika:Grote-Merengebied:Burundi\">the original</a> on 1 July 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">27 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Burundi&amp;rft.date=2015-07-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmo.nl%2Fconflictenbank%2Findex.php%3FAfrika%3AGrote-Merengebied%3ABurundi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-34\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-34\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation encyclopaedia cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.britannica.com/place/Gitega\">\"Gitega | Burundi\"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170902015516/https://www.britannica.com/place/Gitega\">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">16 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Gitega+%7C+Burundi&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FGitega&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-35\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-35\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Strachan, H. (2001). The First World War: To Arms. I. New York: Oxford University Press. <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-926191-1\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-19-926191-1\">0-19-926191-1</a>.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-wein5-36\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-wein5_36-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wein5_36-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wein5_36-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFWeinsteinRobert_Schrere1976\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Weinstein, Warren; Robert Schrere (1976). <i>Political Conflict and Ethnic Strategies: A Case Study of Burundi</i>. Syracuse University: Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs. p.&#160;5. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-915984-20-2\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-915984-20-2\"><bdi>0-915984-20-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Political+Conflict+and+Ethnic+Strategies%3A+A+Case+Study+of+Burundi&amp;rft.place=Syracuse+University&amp;rft.pages=5&amp;rft.pub=Maxwell+School+of+Citizenship+and+Public+Affairs&amp;rft.date=1976&amp;rft.isbn=0-915984-20-2&amp;rft.aulast=Weinstein&amp;rft.aufirst=Warren&amp;rft.au=Robert+Schrere&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-wein7-37\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-wein7_37-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wein7_37-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFWeinsteinRobert_Schrere1976\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Weinstein, Warren; Robert Schrere (1976). <i>Political Conflict and Ethnic Strategies: A Case Study of Burundi</i>. Syracuse University: Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs. p.&#160;7. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-915984-20-2\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-915984-20-2\"><bdi>0-915984-20-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Political+Conflict+and+Ethnic+Strategies%3A+A+Case+Study+of+Burundi&amp;rft.place=Syracuse+University&amp;rft.pages=7&amp;rft.pub=Maxwell+School+of+Citizenship+and+Public+Affairs&amp;rft.date=1976&amp;rft.isbn=0-915984-20-2&amp;rft.aulast=Weinstein&amp;rft.aufirst=Warren&amp;rft.au=Robert+Schrere&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-people60-38\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-people60_38-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFMacDonald2001\" class=\"citation book cs1\">MacDonald, Fiona;  et&#160;al. (2001). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/peoplesofafrica0000mars/page/60\"><i>Peoples of Africa</i></a>. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish. p.&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/peoplesofafrica0000mars/page/60\">60</a>. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7614-7158-8\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-7614-7158-8\"><bdi>0-7614-7158-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Peoples+of+Africa&amp;rft.place=Tarrytown%2C+New+York&amp;rft.pages=60&amp;rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=0-7614-7158-8&amp;rft.aulast=MacDonald&amp;rft.aufirst=Fiona&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpeoplesofafrica0000mars%2Fpage%2F60&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-39\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_39-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_39-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_39-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_39-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_39-4\"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_39-5\"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_39-6\"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1068991.stm\">\"Timeline: Burundi\"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 25 February 2010. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110830225045/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1068991.stm\">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2011<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">27 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Timeline%3A+Burundi&amp;rft.date=2010-02-25&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2Fcountry_profiles%2F1068991.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-40\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-40\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.amnestyusa.org/countries/sudan/timeline_rwanda.pdf\">Timeline: Rwanda</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080626223814/http://www.amnestyusa.org/countries/sudan/timeline_rwanda.pdf\">Archived</a> 26 June 2008 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. Amnesty International. Retrieved 12 July 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-41\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-41\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v7/v7i1a5.htm\">\"Ethnicity and Burundi\\xe2\\x80\\x99s Refugees\"</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090105110647/http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v7/v7i1a5.htm\">Archived</a> 5 January 2009 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>African Studies Quarterly: The online journal for African Studies</i>. Retrieved 12 July 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-42\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-42\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFCookDiccon_Bewes1999\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Cook, Chris; Diccon Bewes (1999). <i>What Happened Where: A Guide to Places and Events in Twentieth-Century</i>. London, England: Routledge. p.&#160;281. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85728-533-6\" title=\"Special:BookSources/1-85728-533-6\"><bdi>1-85728-533-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=What+Happened+Where%3A+A+Guide+to+Places+and+Events+in+Twentieth-Century&amp;rft.place=London%2C+England&amp;rft.pages=281&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=1-85728-533-6&amp;rft.aulast=Cook&amp;rft.aufirst=Chris&amp;rft.au=Diccon+Bewes&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-43\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-43\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/org1469.doc.htm\">United Nations Member States</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20141001135208/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/org1469.doc.htm\">Archived</a> 1 October 2014 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. 3 July 2006. Retrieved 22 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-44\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-44\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"#Lemarchand1996\">Lemarchand (1996)</a>, pp. 17, 21</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-45\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-45\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/dpe/modern_conflicts/burundi.pdf\">Burundi (1993\\xe2\\x80\\x932006)</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171115023627/http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/dpe/modern_conflicts/burundi.pdf\">Archived</a> 15 November 2017 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. University of Massachusetts Amherst</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-46\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-46\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"#Lemarchand1996\">Lemarchand (1996)</a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=T8W6RfqiYf0C&amp;pg=PA89\">p. 89</a></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-47\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-47\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Lemarchand, (2008). Section \"B \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Decision-Makers, Organizers and Actors\"</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-totten1-48\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-totten1_48-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFTotten,_SamuelParsons,_William_S.Charny,_Israel_W.2004\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Totten, Samuel; Parsons, William S.; Charny, Israel W. (2004). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=5Ef8Hrx8Cd0C&amp;pg=PA325\"><i>Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts</i></a>. Psychology Press. p.&#160;325. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94430-4\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94430-4\"><bdi>978-0-415-94430-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Century+of+Genocide%3A+Critical+Essays+and+Eyewitness+Accounts&amp;rft.pages=325&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-94430-4&amp;rft.au=Totten%2C+Samuel&amp;rft.au=Parsons%2C+William+S.&amp;rft.au=Charny%2C+Israel+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5Ef8Hrx8Cd0C%26pg%3DPA325&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-49\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-49\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">\\nManirakiza, Marc (1992) <i>Burundi&#160;: de la r\\xc3\\xa9volution au r\\xc3\\xa9gionalisme, 1966\\xe2\\x80\\x931976</i>, Le M\\xc3\\xa2t de Misaine, Bruxelles, pp. 211\\xe2\\x80\\x93212.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-50\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-50\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">\\nLemarchand, (2008). Section \"B \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Decision-Makers, Organizers and Actors\" cites (Chr\\xc3\\xa9tien Jean-Pierre and Dupaquier, Jean-Francois, 2007, <i>Burundi 1972: Au bord des g\\xc3\\xa9nocides</i>, Paris: L\\'Harmattan. p. 106)</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-white-51\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-white_51-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">White, Matthew. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat2.htm#Rwanda\">Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century: C. Burundi (1972\\xe2\\x80\\x9373, primarily Hutu killed by Tutsi) 120,000</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070609095015/http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat2.htm#Rwanda\">Archived</a> 9 June 2007 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-ICIBFR-85-52\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-ICIBFR-85_52-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-ICIBFR-85_52-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">\\nInternational Commission of Inquiry for Burundi (2002). Paragraph 85. \"The Micombero regime responded with a genocidal repression that is estimated to have caused over a hundred thousand victims and forced several hundred thousand Hutus into exile\"</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-53\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-53\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFLongman,_Timothy_Paul1998\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Longman, Timothy Paul (1998). <span class=\"cs1-lock-registration\" title=\"Free registration required\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/proxytargetscivi0000long\"><i>Proxy Targets: Civilians in the War in Burundi</i></a></span>. Human Rights Watch. p.&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/proxytargetscivi0000long/page/12\">12</a>. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56432-179-4\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-1-56432-179-4\"><bdi>978-1-56432-179-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Proxy+Targets%3A+Civilians+in+the+War+in+Burundi&amp;rft.pages=12&amp;rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-56432-179-4&amp;rft.au=Longman%2C+Timothy+Paul&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fproxytargetscivi0000long&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-54\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-54\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">\\nHagget, Peter. <i>Encyclopedia of World Geography</i>. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2002. <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7614-7306-8\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-7614-7306-8\">0-7614-7306-8</a>.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-55\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-55\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.preventgenocide.org/edu/pastgenocides/burundi/resources/\">Past genocides, Burundi resources</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170325164854/http://preventgenocide.org/edu/pastgenocides/burundi/resources/\">Archived</a> 25 March 2017 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a> on the website of <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Prevent_Genocide_International&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Prevent Genocide International (page does not exist)\">Prevent Genocide International</a> \\nlists the following resources:\\n\\n<ul><li>Michael Bowen, <i>Passing By;: The United States and Genocide in Burundi</i>, 1972, (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1973), 49 pp.</li>\\n<li>Ren\\xc3\\xa9 Lemarchand, <i>Selective genocide in Burundi</i> (Report \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Minority Rights Group; no. 20, 1974), 36 pp.</li>\\n<li><a class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" href=\"#Lemarchand1996\">Lemarchand (1996)</a></li>\\n<li>Edward L. Nyankanzi, <i>Genocide: Rwanda and Burundi</i> (Schenkman Books, 1998), 198 pp.</li>\\n<li>Christian P. Scherrer, <i>Genocide and crisis in Central Africa&#160;: conflict roots, mass violence, and regional war</i>; foreword by <a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Melson_(political_scientist)\" title=\"Robert Melson (political scientist)\">Robert Melson</a>. Westport, Conn.&#160;: Praeger, 2002.</li>\\n<li>Weissman, Stephen R.<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090311024548/http://www.usip.org/pubs/peaceworks/pwks22.html\">\"Preventing Genocide in Burundi Lessons from International Diplomacy\"</a>. Archived from the original on 11 March 2009<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">15 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Preventing+Genocide+in+Burundi+Lessons+from+International+Diplomacy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usip.org%2Fpubs%2Fpeaceworks%2Fpwks22.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\">cite web</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">link</a>)</span>,</li></ul>\\n<a href=\"/wiki/United_States_Institute_of_Peace\" title=\"United States Institute of Peace\">United States Institute of Peace</a></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-ICIBFR-85-496-56\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-ICIBFR-85-496_56-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">\\nInternational Commission of Inquiry for Burundi (2002). Paragraphs 85,496.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-57\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-57\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1068873.stm\">Country profile Burundi</a> BBC. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20111007175839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1068873.stm\">Archived</a> 7 October 2011 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. (accessed on 29 October 2008)</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-58\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-58\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/OCHA-64D9N7?OpenDocument\">Global Ceasefire Agreement between Burundi and the CNDD-FDD</a>. 20 November 2003. <i>Relief Web</i>. United Nations Security Council. Retrieved 24 July 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-59\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-59\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080626120505/http://education.nairobi-unesco.org/PDFs/burundi.pdf\">\"Burundi: Basic Education Indicators\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. Archived from the original on 26 June 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">4 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Burundi%3A+Basic+Education+Indicators&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation.nairobi-unesco.org%2FPDFs%2Fburundi.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\">cite web</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">link</a>)</span> <a href=\"/wiki/UNESCO\" title=\"UNESCO\">UNESCO</a>. 4 May 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-60\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-60\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Haskin, Jeanne M. (2005) <i>The Tragic State of the Congo: From Decolonization to Dictatorship</i>. New York, NY: Algora Publishing, <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87586-416-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-87586-416-3\">0-87586-416-3</a> p. 151.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-61\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-61\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Liang, Yin (4 June 2008). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/04/content_8308846.htm\">\"EU welcomes positive developments in Burundi\"</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170125174002/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/04/content_8308846.htm\">Archived</a> 25 January 2017 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>China View</i>. Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved on 29 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-62\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-62\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation book cs1\">Ramsbotham, Oliver; Woodhouse, Tom and Miall, Hugh (2011). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=-IbuQE02-KkC&amp;pg=PA24\"><i>Contemporary Conflict Resolution</i></a>. Polity. pp.&#160;24\\xe2\\x80\\x93. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-4974-0\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-4974-0\"><bdi>978-0-7456-4974-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Contemporary+Conflict+Resolution&amp;rft.pages=24-&amp;rft.pub=Polity&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7456-4974-0&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-IbuQE02-KkC%26pg%3DPA24&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_book\" title=\"Template:Cite book\">cite book</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_uses_authors_parameter\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: uses authors parameter\">link</a>)</span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-63\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-63\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/jan-van-eck-peace-mediator-in-burundi/\">\"Jan van Eck \\xe2\\x80\\x93 peace mediator in Burundi\"</a>. <i>Radio Netherlands Archives</i>. 7 August 2000<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">4 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Radio+Netherlands+Archives&amp;rft.atitle=Jan+van+Eck+%E2%80%93+peace+mediator+in+Burundi&amp;rft.date=2000-08-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionetherlandsarchives.org%2Fjan-van-eck-peace-mediator-in-burundi%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-Howard,_Lise_Morje_2008-64\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Howard,_Lise_Morje_2008_64-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Howard,_Lise_Morje_2008_64-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Howard,_Lise_Morje_2008_64-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Howard,_Lise_Morje_2008_64-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Howard, Lise Morje (2008). UN Peacekeeping in Civil Wars. New York: Cambridge University Press.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-accessed_on_29-10-08-65\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-accessed_on_29-10-08_65-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-accessed_on_29-10-08_65-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-accessed_on_29-10-08_65-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1068991.stm\">Timeline Burundi</a> BBC. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110830225045/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1068991.stm\">Archived</a> 30 August 2011 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. (accessed on 29 October 2008)</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-66\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-66\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090513054914/http://report2008.amnesty.org/eng/regions/africa/burundi\">\"Burundi\"</a>. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">4 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Burundi&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freport2008.amnesty.org%2Feng%2Fregions%2Fafrica%2Fburundi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\">cite web</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">link</a>)</span>. Amnesty International</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-hrw.org-67\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-hrw.org_67-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-hrw.org_67-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-hrw.org_67-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-hrw.org_67-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2008/05/29/burund18974.htm\">Burundi: Release Civilians Detained Without Charge |Human Rights Watch</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080602040602/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2008/05/29/burund18974.htm\">Archived</a> 2 June 2008 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. Hrw.org (29 May 2008). Retrieved on 24 November 2012.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-68\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-68\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.pbcupdate.org/?p=114#more-114\">Peace Building Commission Update, A project of the Institute for Global Policy</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170819200320/http://www.pbcupdate.org/?p=114#more-114\">Archived</a> 19 August 2017 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>, 2008</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-69\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-69\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFAutesserreGbowee2021\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Autesserre, S\\xc3\\xa9verine; Gbowee, Leymah (3 May 2021). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780197530351.001.0001/oso-9780197530351\"><i>The Frontlines of Peace: An Insider\\'s Guide to Changing the World</i></a> (1&#160;ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href=\"/wiki/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\">doi</a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780197530351.001.0001\">10.1093/oso/9780197530351.001.0001</a>. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-753035-1\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-19-753035-1\"><bdi>978-0-19-753035-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Frontlines+of+Peace%3A+An+Insider%27s+Guide+to+Changing+the+World&amp;rft.edition=1&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2021-05-03&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780197530351.001.0001&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-753035-1&amp;rft.aulast=Autesserre&amp;rft.aufirst=S%C3%A9verine&amp;rft.au=Gbowee%2C+Leymah&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foxford.universitypressscholarship.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780197530351.001.0001%2Foso-9780197530351&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-70\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-70\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/11/201211711223399246.html\">Explosion rocks Somali parliament \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Africa</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170606033055/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/11/201211711223399246.html\">Archived</a> 6 June 2017 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. Al Jazeera English (7 November 2012). Retrieved on 24 November 2012.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-reuters2014-71\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-reuters2014_71-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFNduwimana2014\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Nduwimana, Patrick (18 April 2014). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-burundi-politics-idUSBREA3H0E020140418\">\"Burundi creates reconciliation body that divides public opinion\"</a>. <i><a href=\"/wiki/Reuters\" title=\"Reuters\">Reuters</a></i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">12 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi+creates+reconciliation+body+that+divides+public+opinion&amp;rft.date=2014-04-18&amp;rft.aulast=Nduwimana&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-burundi-politics-idUSBREA3H0E020140418&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-justice2019-72\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-justice2019_72-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFRugiririz2019\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Rugiririz, Ephrem (25 November 2019). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/43042-burundi-the-commission-of-divided-truths.html\">\"Burundi: the commission of divided truths\"</a>. <i>JusticeInfo.net</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">12 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=JusticeInfo.net&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi%3A+the+commission+of+divided+truths&amp;rft.date=2019-11-25&amp;rft.aulast=Rugiririz&amp;rft.aufirst=Ephrem&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justiceinfo.net%2Fen%2F43042-burundi-the-commission-of-divided-truths.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-73\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-73\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21650190-more-africans-are-resisting-presidential-efforts-flout-constitutional-term?zid=304&amp;ah=e5690753dc78ce91909083042ad12e30\">\"Apr\\xc3\\xa8s moi, moi\"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 2 May 2015. <a href=\"/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613\">0013-0613</a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150518091746/http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21650190-more-africans-are-resisting-presidential-efforts-flout-constitutional-term?zid=304&amp;ah=e5690753dc78ce91909083042ad12e30\">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">14 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Economist&amp;rft.atitle=Apr%C3%A8s+moi%2C+moi&amp;rft.date=2015-05-02&amp;rft.issn=0013-0613&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F21650190-more-africans-are-resisting-presidential-efforts-flout-constitutional-term%3Fzid%3D304%26ah%3De5690753dc78ce91909083042ad12e30&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-74\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-74\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32588658\">\"Burundi court backs President Nkurunziza on third-term\"</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180620130023/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32588658\">Archived</a> 20 June 2018 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a> BBC</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-75\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-75\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21651145-army-tries-wrest-power-controversial-president-mind-coup\">\"Mind the coup\"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 13 May 2015. <a href=\"/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613\">0013-0613</a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150514210429/http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21651145-army-tries-wrest-power-controversial-president-mind-coup\">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">13 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Economist&amp;rft.atitle=Mind+the+coup&amp;rft.date=2015-05-13&amp;rft.issn=0013-0613&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F21651145-army-tries-wrest-power-controversial-president-mind-coup&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-76\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-76\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Burundi-president-in-secret-location-in-Dar-es-Salaam/-/1066/2716134/-/6b6o8uz/-/index.html\">\"Gun clashes rage on in Burundi as radio station attacked\"</a>. <i>nation.co.ke</i>. 14 May 2015. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150518074106/http://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Burundi-president-in-secret-location-in-Dar-es-Salaam/-/1066/2716134/-/6b6o8uz/-/index.html\">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">14 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=nation.co.ke&amp;rft.atitle=Gun+clashes+rage+on+in+Burundi+as+radio+station+attacked&amp;rft.date=2015-05-14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nation.co.ke%2Fnews%2Fafrica%2FBurundi-president-in-secret-location-in-Dar-es-Salaam%2F-%2F1066%2F2716134%2F-%2F6b6o8uz%2F-%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-77\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-77\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/15/burundi-president-returns-to-divided-capital-after-failed-coup\">\"Burundi\\'s president returns to divided capital after failed coup\"</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171020022341/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/15/burundi-president-returns-to-divided-capital-after-failed-coup\">Archived</a> 20 October 2017 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (15 May 2015). Retrieved on 29 June 2015.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-78\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-78\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32724083\">\"Burundi general declares coup against President Nkurunziza\"</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180711123731/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32724083\">Archived</a> 11 July 2018 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a> BBC</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-cnn01-79\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-cnn01_79-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/15/africa/burundi-coup-leaders-arrested/index.html\">Burundi arrests leaders of attempted coup</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170516061354/http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/15/africa/burundi-coup-leaders-arrested/index.html\">Archived</a> 16 May 2017 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. CNN.com (15 May 2015). Retrieved on 29 June 2015.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-80\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-80\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Laing, Aislinn. (15 May 2015) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/burundi/11607171/Burundi-coup-fails-as-president-returns-to-the-country.html\">\"Burundi president hunts for coup leaders as he returns to the capital\"</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180130091614/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/burundi/11607171/Burundi-coup-fails-as-president-returns-to-the-country.html\">Archived</a> 30 January 2018 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Daily Telegraph</i>. Retrieved on 29 June 2015.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-81\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-81\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/05/president-burundi-army-coup-failed-150515002113225.html\">\"President \\'back in Burundi\\' after army says coup failed\"</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170605235845/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/05/president-burundi-army-coup-failed-150515002113225.html\">Archived</a> 5 June 2017 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. Al Jazeera English (15 May 2015). Retrieved on 29 June 2015.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-82\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-82\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/africa/burundi/report-burundi/\">\"Burundi 2015/6\"</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180115180344/https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/africa/burundi/report-burundi/\">Archived</a> 15 January 2018 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>, Amnesty International. Retrieved 10 April 2016.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-83\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-83\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/10/burundi-ethnic-violence-refugees\">\"We feel forgotten\"</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171117190217/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/10/burundi-ethnic-violence-refugees\">Archived</a> 17 November 2017 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Guardian</i>. Retrieved 10 April 2016</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-84\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-84\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/CoIBurundi/Pages/CoIBurundi.aspx\">\"OHCHR \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in Burundi\"</a>. <i>www.ohchr.org</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171011072710/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/CoIBurundi/Pages/CoIBurundi.aspx\">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">10 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.ohchr.org&amp;rft.atitle=OHCHR+%E2%80%93+Commission+of+Inquiry+on+Human+Rights+in+Burundi&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FEN%2FHRBodies%2FHRC%2FCoIBurundi%2FPages%2FCoIBurundi.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-ohchr.org-85\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-ohchr.org_85-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-ohchr.org_85-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22184&amp;LangID=E\">\"OHCHR \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Commission calls on Burundian government to put an end to serious human rights violations\"</a>. <i>www.ohchr.org</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021822/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22184&amp;LangID=E\">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">10 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.ohchr.org&amp;rft.atitle=OHCHR+%E2%80%93+Commission+calls+on+Burundian+government+to+put+an+end+to+serious+human+rights+violations&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FEN%2FNewsEvents%2FPages%2FDisplayNews.aspx%3FNewsID%3D22184%26LangID%3DE&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-86\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-86\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFMoore2018\" class=\"citation news cs1\">Moore, Jina (17 May 2018). <span class=\"cs1-lock-subscription\" title=\"Paid subscription required\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/17/world/africa/burundi-referendum-vote.html\">\"In Tiny Burundi, a Huge Vote (Published 2018)\"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href=\"/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331\">0362-4331</a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180517214927/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/17/world/africa/burundi-referendum-vote.html\">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2018<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">8 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=In+Tiny+Burundi%2C+a+Huge+Vote+%28Published+2018%29&amp;rft.date=2018-05-17&amp;rft.issn=0362-4331&amp;rft.aulast=Moore&amp;rft.aufirst=Jina&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F05%2F17%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fburundi-referendum-vote.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-87\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-87\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180522112315/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-05/22/c_137195886.htm\">\"Amendments to constitution of Burundi approved: electoral commission \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Xinhua | English.news.cn\"</a>. <i>www.xinhuanet.com</i>. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-05/22/c_137195886.htm\">the original</a> on 22 May 2018<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">8 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.xinhuanet.com&amp;rft.atitle=Amendments+to+constitution+of+Burundi+approved%3A+electoral+commission+%E2%80%93+Xinhua+%7C+English.news.cn&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2018-05%2F22%2Fc_137195886.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-:03-88\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-:03_88-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:03_88-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:03_88-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFDahir2020\" class=\"citation news cs1\">Dahir, Abdi Latif (9 June 2020). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/09/world/africa/burundi-president-pierre-nkurunziza-dead.html\">\"President of Burundi, Pierre Nkurunziza, 55, Dies of Heart Attack\"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href=\"/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331\">0362-4331</a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">8 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=President+of+Burundi%2C+Pierre+Nkurunziza%2C+55%2C+Dies+of+Heart+Attack&amp;rft.date=2020-06-09&amp;rft.issn=0362-4331&amp;rft.aulast=Dahir&amp;rft.aufirst=Abdi+Latif&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F09%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fburundi-president-pierre-nkurunziza-dead.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-89\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_89-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_89-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/6/18/evariste-ndayishimiye-who-is-burundis-new-president\">\"Who is Burundi\\'s new president, Evariste Ndayishimiye?\"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">8 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&amp;rft.atitle=Who+is+Burundi%27s+new+president%2C+Evariste+Ndayishimiye%3F&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F6%2F18%2Fevariste-ndayishimiye-who-is-burundis-new-president&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-90\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-90\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFcorrespondent2020\" class=\"citation news cs1\">correspondent, Jason Burke Africa (9 June 2020). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/09/burundi-president-dies-illness-suspected-coronavirus-pierre-nkurunziz\">\"Burundi president dies of illness suspected to be coronavirus\"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href=\"/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077\">0261-3077</a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">8 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi+president+dies+of+illness+suspected+to+be+coronavirus&amp;rft.date=2020-06-09&amp;rft.issn=0261-3077&amp;rft.aulast=correspondent&amp;rft.aufirst=Jason+Burke+Africa&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fjun%2F09%2Fburundi-president-dies-illness-suspected-coronavirus-pierre-nkurunziz&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-91\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-91\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-59560444\">\"Burundi prison fire kills at least 38 in Gitega\"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 7 December 2021<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">11 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi+prison+fire+kills+at+least+38+in+Gitega&amp;rft.date=2021-12-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-59560444&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-92\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-92\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFSantosdiaz2022\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Santosdiaz, Richie (19 August 2022). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://thefintechtimes.com/burundi-fintech-landscape-and-potential-in-the-worlds-poorest-country/\">\"Burundi: Fintech Landscape and Potential In The World\\'s Poorest Country\"</a>. <i>The Fintech Times</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Fintech+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi%3A+Fintech+Landscape+and+Potential+In+The+World%27s+Poorest+Country&amp;rft.date=2022-08-19&amp;rft.aulast=Santosdiaz&amp;rft.aufirst=Richie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthefintechtimes.com%2Fburundi-fintech-landscape-and-potential-in-the-worlds-poorest-country%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-Puddington-93\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Puddington_93-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Puddington_93-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Puddington_93-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Puddington_93-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFPuddington2007\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Puddington, Arch (2007). <i>Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties</i>. Syracuse University: Lanham, Maryland. pp.&#160;145\\xe2\\x80\\x93146. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-5897-7\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-5897-7\"><bdi>978-0-7425-5897-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Freedom+in+the+World%3A+The+Annual+Survey+of+Political+Rights+and+Civil+Liberties&amp;rft.place=Syracuse+University&amp;rft.pages=145-146&amp;rft.pub=Lanham%2C+Maryland&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7425-5897-7&amp;rft.aulast=Puddington&amp;rft.aufirst=Arch&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-94\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-94\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-b/burundi.html\">Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x93 World Leaders</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110813050117/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-b/burundi.html\">Archived</a> 13 August 2011 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href=\"/wiki/CIA\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"CIA\">CIA</a>. Retrieved on 28 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-95\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-95\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFDahir2020\" class=\"citation news cs1\">Dahir, Abdi Latif (9 June 2020). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/09/world/africa/burundi-president-pierre-nkurunziza-dead.html\">\"President of Burundi, Pierre Nkurunziza, 55, Dies of Heart Attack\"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=President+of+Burundi%2C+Pierre+Nkurunziza%2C+55%2C+Dies+of+Heart+Attack&amp;rft.date=2020-06-09&amp;rft.aulast=Dahir&amp;rft.aufirst=Abdi+Latif&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F09%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fburundi-president-pierre-nkurunziza-dead.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-96\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-96\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/6/18/evariste-ndayishimiye-who-is-burundis-new-president\">\"Who is Burundi\\'s new president, Evariste Ndayishimiye?\"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&amp;rft.atitle=Who+is+Burundi%27s+new+president%2C+Evariste+Ndayishimiye%3F&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F6%2F18%2Fevariste-ndayishimiye-who-is-burundis-new-president&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-97\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-97\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/20/burundi-free-journalist-detained-treason-charges\">\"Burundi: Free Journalist Detained on Treason Charges\"</a>. <a href=\"/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch\" title=\"Human Rights Watch\">Human Rights Watch</a>. 20 July 2010. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120114074006/http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/20/burundi-free-journalist-detained-treason-charges\">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">6 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Burundi%3A+Free+Journalist+Detained+on+Treason+Charges&amp;rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&amp;rft.date=2010-07-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2010%2F07%2F20%2Fburundi-free-journalist-detained-treason-charges&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-98\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-98\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf\">\"State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href=\"/wiki/International_Lesbian,_Gay,_Bisexual,_Trans_and_Intersex_Association\" title=\"International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association\">International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association</a></i>. 17 May 2016. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160808172344/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf\">Archived</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 August 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">6 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Lesbian%2C+Gay%2C+Bisexual%2C+Trans+and+Intersex+Association&amp;rft.atitle=State+Sponsored+Homophobia+2016%3A+A+world+survey+of+sexual+orientation+laws%3A+criminalisation%2C+protection+and+recognition&amp;rft.date=2016-05-17&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Filga.org%2Fdownloads%2F02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-99\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-99\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2009/04/burundi-elimina-pena-muerte-prohibe-homosexualidad-20090427/\">Burundi abolishes the death penalty but bans homosexuality</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171010195242/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2009/04/burundi-elimina-pena-muerte-prohibe-homosexualidad-20090427/\">Archived</a> 10 October 2017 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>\". Amnesty International. 27 April 2009.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-100\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_100-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_100-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFMoore2017\" class=\"citation news cs1\">Moore, Jina (27 October 2017). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/27/world/africa/burundi-international-criminal-court.html\">\"Burundi Quits International Criminal Court\"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href=\"/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331\">0362-4331</a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171109124035/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/27/world/africa/burundi-international-criminal-court.html\">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">10 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi+Quits+International+Criminal+Court&amp;rft.date=2017-10-27&amp;rft.issn=0362-4331&amp;rft.aulast=Moore&amp;rft.aufirst=Jina&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F10%2F27%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fburundi-international-criminal-court.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-101\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-101\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFGladstoneSimons2017\" class=\"citation news cs1\">Gladstone, Rick; Simons, Marlise (9 November 2017). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/09/world/africa/icc-burundi-nkurunziza.html\">\"We\\'re Not Done Yet, Hague Court Tells Burundi\\'s Leaders\"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href=\"/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331\">0362-4331</a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171110150241/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/09/world/africa/icc-burundi-nkurunziza.html\">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">10 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=We%27re+Not+Done+Yet%2C+Hague+Court+Tells+Burundi%27s+Leaders&amp;rft.date=2017-11-09&amp;rft.issn=0362-4331&amp;rft.aulast=Gladstone&amp;rft.aufirst=Rick&amp;rft.au=Simons%2C+Marlise&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F11%2F09%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Ficc-burundi-nkurunziza.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-102\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-102\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/11/09/icc-new-burundi-investigation\">\"ICC: New Burundi Investigation\"</a>. <i>Human Rights Watch</i>. 9 November 2017. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171121164937/https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/11/09/icc-new-burundi-investigation\">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">10 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&amp;rft.atitle=ICC%3A+New+Burundi+Investigation&amp;rft.date=2017-11-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2017%2F11%2F09%2Ficc-new-burundi-investigation&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-statoids-103\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-statoids_103-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-statoids_103-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFLaw\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Law, Gwillim. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.statoids.com/ubi.html\">\"Provinces of Burundi\"</a>. <i>Statoids</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">13 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Statoids&amp;rft.atitle=Provinces+of+Burundi&amp;rft.aulast=Law&amp;rft.aufirst=Gwillim&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statoids.com%2Fubi.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-104\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-104\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Kavamahanga, D.<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20081219184353/http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/MeetingAbstracts/ma?f=102279271.html\">\"Empowerment of people living with HIV/AIDS in Gitega Province, Burundi\"</a>. Archived from the original on 19 December 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">21 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Empowerment+of+people+living+with+HIV%2FAIDS+in+Gitega+Province%2C+Burundi&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgateway.nlm.nih.gov%2FMeetingAbstracts%2Fma%3Ff%3D102279271.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\">cite web</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">link</a>)</span> International Conference on AIDS 2004. 15 July 2004. NLM Gateway. Retrieved on 22 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-:2-105\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_105-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_105-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFbdiagnews2022\" class=\"citation web cs1\">bdiagnews (14 July 2022). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://burundi-agnews.org/government/burundi-proposition-5-provinces-au-lieu-de-18-et-42-communes-au-lieu-de-119/\">\"Burundi&#160;: Proposition - 5 provinces au lieu de 18 et 42 communes au lieu de 119\"</a>. <i>Nouvelles du Burundi - Africa Generation News</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">29 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Nouvelles+du+Burundi+-+Africa+Generation+News&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi+%3A+Proposition+-+5+provinces+au+lieu+de+18+et+42+communes+au+lieu+de+119&amp;rft.date=2022-07-14&amp;rft.au=bdiagnews&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fburundi-agnews.org%2Fgovernment%2Fburundi-proposition-5-provinces-au-lieu-de-18-et-42-communes-au-lieu-de-119%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-rumong-106\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-rumong_106-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFNkurunziza2015\" class=\"citation web cs1\"><a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Nkurunziza\" title=\"Pierre Nkurunziza\">Nkurunziza, Pierre</a> (26 March 2015). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.assemblee.bi/IMG/pdf/10%20du26%20mars%202015.pdf\">\"LOI N<sup>o</sup> 1/10 DU 26 MARS 2015 PORTANT CREATION DE LA PROVINCE DU RUMONGE ET DELIMITATION DES PROVINCES DE BUJUMBURA, BURURI ET RUMONGE\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. Presidential Cabinet, Republic of Burundi. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161025102654/http://www.assemblee.bi/IMG/pdf/10%20du26%20mars%202015.pdf\">Archived</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 October 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=LOI+N%3Csup%3Eo%3C%2Fsup%3E+1%2F10+DU+26+MARS+2015+PORTANT+CREATION+DE+LA+PROVINCE+DU+RUMONGE+ET+DELIMITATION+DES+PROVINCES+DE+BUJUMBURA%2C+BURURI+ET+RUMONGE&amp;rft.pub=Presidential+Cabinet%2C+Republic+of+Burundi&amp;rft.date=2015-03-26&amp;rft.aulast=Nkurunziza&amp;rft.aufirst=Pierre&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assemblee.bi%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2F10%2520du26%2520mars%25202015.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-107\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-107\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150714122552/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/burundi_ext.aspx\">\"Burundi: administrative units, extended\"</a>. GeoHive. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.geohive.com/cntry/burundi_ext.aspx\">the original</a> on 14 July 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">13 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Burundi%3A+administrative+units%2C+extended&amp;rft.pub=GeoHive&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geohive.com%2Fcntry%2Fburundi_ext.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-108\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_108-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFDinersteinOlsonJoshiVynne2017\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne; Hedao, Prashant; Noss, Reed; Hansen, Matt; Locke, Harvey; Ellis, Erle C; Jones, Benjamin; Barber, Charles Victor; Hayes, Randy; Kormos, Cyril; Martin, Vance; Crist, Eileen; Sechrest, Wes; Price, Lori; Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; Weeden, Don; Suckling, Kier\\xc3\\xa1n; Davis, Crystal; Sizer, Nigel; Moore, Rebecca; Thau, David; Birch, Tanya; Potapov, Peter; Turubanova, Svetlana; Tyukavina, Alexandra; de Souza, Nadia; Pintea, Lilian; Brito, Jos\\xc3\\xa9 C.; Llewellyn, Othman A.; Miller, Anthony G.; Patzelt, Annette; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.; Timberlake, Jonathan; Kl\\xc3\\xb6ser, Heinz; Shennan-Farp\\xc3\\xb3n, Yara; Kindt, Roeland; Lilles\\xc3\\xb8, Jens-Peter Barnekow; van Breugel, Paulo; Graudal, Lars; Voge, Maianna; Al-Shammari, Khalaf F.; Saleem, Muhammad (2017). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287\">\"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm\"</a>. <i>BioScience</i>. <b>67</b> (6): 534\\xe2\\x80\\x93545. <a href=\"/wiki/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\">doi</a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014\">10.1093/biosci/bix014</a>. <a href=\"/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0006-3568\">0006-3568</a>. <a href=\"/wiki/PMC_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PMC (identifier)\">PMC</a>&#160;<span class=\"cs1-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287\">5451287</a></span>. <a href=\"/wiki/PMID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28608869\">28608869</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BioScience&amp;rft.atitle=An+Ecoregion-Based+Approach+to+Protecting+Half+the+Terrestrial+Realm&amp;rft.volume=67&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=534-545&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451287%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=0006-3568&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28608869&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014&amp;rft.aulast=Dinerstein&amp;rft.aufirst=Eric&amp;rft.au=Olson%2C+David&amp;rft.au=Joshi%2C+Anup&amp;rft.au=Vynne%2C+Carly&amp;rft.au=Burgess%2C+Neil+D.&amp;rft.au=Wikramanayake%2C+Eric&amp;rft.au=Hahn%2C+Nathan&amp;rft.au=Palminteri%2C+Suzanne&amp;rft.au=Hedao%2C+Prashant&amp;rft.au=Noss%2C+Reed&amp;rft.au=Hansen%2C+Matt&amp;rft.au=Locke%2C+Harvey&amp;rft.au=Ellis%2C+Erle+C&amp;rft.au=Jones%2C+Benjamin&amp;rft.au=Barber%2C+Charles+Victor&amp;rft.au=Hayes%2C+Randy&amp;rft.au=Kormos%2C+Cyril&amp;rft.au=Martin%2C+Vance&amp;rft.au=Crist%2C+Eileen&amp;rft.au=Sechrest%2C+Wes&amp;rft.au=Price%2C+Lori&amp;rft.au=Baillie%2C+Jonathan+E.+M.&amp;rft.au=Weeden%2C+Don&amp;rft.au=Suckling%2C+Kier%C3%A1n&amp;rft.au=Davis%2C+Crystal&amp;rft.au=Sizer%2C+Nigel&amp;rft.au=Moore%2C+Rebecca&amp;rft.au=Thau%2C+David&amp;rft.au=Birch%2C+Tanya&amp;rft.au=Potapov%2C+Peter&amp;rft.au=Turubanova%2C+Svetlana&amp;rft.au=Tyukavina%2C+Alexandra&amp;rft.au=de+Souza%2C+Nadia&amp;rft.au=Pintea%2C+Lilian&amp;rft.au=Brito%2C+Jos%C3%A9+C.&amp;rft.au=Llewellyn%2C+Othman+A.&amp;rft.au=Miller%2C+Anthony+G.&amp;rft.au=Patzelt%2C+Annette&amp;rft.au=Ghazanfar%2C+Shahina+A.&amp;rft.au=Timberlake%2C+Jonathan&amp;rft.au=Kl%C3%B6ser%2C+Heinz&amp;rft.au=Shennan-Farp%C3%B3n%2C+Yara&amp;rft.au=Kindt%2C+Roeland&amp;rft.au=Lilles%C3%B8%2C+Jens-Peter+Barnekow&amp;rft.au=van+Breugel%2C+Paulo&amp;rft.au=Graudal%2C+Lars&amp;rft.au=Voge%2C+Maianna&amp;rft.au=Al-Shammari%2C+Khalaf+F.&amp;rft.au=Saleem%2C+Muhammad&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451287&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-autogenerated2-109\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-autogenerated2_109-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">O\\'Mara, Michael (1999). <i>Facts about the World\\'s Nations</i>. <a href=\"/wiki/Bronx,_New_York\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Bronx, New York\">Bronx, New York</a>: H.W. Wilson, p. 150, <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8242-0955-9\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-8242-0955-9\">0-8242-0955-9</a></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-autogenerated9-110\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-autogenerated9_110-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Ash, Russell (2006). <i>The Top 10 of Everything</i>. New York City: Sterling Publishing Company. <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-600-61557-X\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-600-61557-X\">0-600-61557-X</a></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-111\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-111\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Klohn, Wulf and Mihailo Andjelic. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.fao.org/ag/AGL/AGLW/webpub/lakevic/LAKEVIC4.htm\">Lake Victoria: A Case in International Cooperation</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20081208202025/http://www.fao.org/ag/AGL/AGLW/webpub/lakevic/LAKEVIC4.htm\">Archived</a> 8 December 2008 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved on 20 July 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-112\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-112\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Budge, E. A. Wallace (1907), <i>The Egyptian Sudan: Its History and Monuments</i>. <a href=\"/wiki/Philadelphia\" title=\"Philadelphia\">Philadelphia</a>, Pennsylvania: J.P. Lippincott Company. p. 352.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-autogenerated6-113\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-autogenerated6_113-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFJessup1998\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Jessup, John E. (1998). <i>An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945\\xe2\\x80\\x931996</i>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. p.&#160;97. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-28112-2\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-313-28112-2\"><bdi>0-313-28112-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=An+Encyclopedic+Dictionary+of+Conflict+and+Conflict+Resolution%2C+1945%E2%80%931996&amp;rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&amp;rft.pages=97&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=0-313-28112-2&amp;rft.aulast=Jessup&amp;rft.aufirst=John+E.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-autogenerated5-114\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-autogenerated5_114-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">East, Rob (1999). <i>African Antelope Database 1998</i>. <a href=\"/wiki/Gland,_Switzerland\" title=\"Gland, Switzerland\">Gland, Switzerland</a>: <a href=\"/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature\" title=\"International Union for Conservation of Nature\">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a>, p. 74. <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-8317-0477-4\" title=\"Special:BookSources/2-8317-0477-4\">2-8317-0477-4</a>.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-115\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-115\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/996/burundi-and-eu_en\">\"Burundi and the EU\"</a>. <i>EEAS \\xe2\\x80\\x93 European External Action Service \\xe2\\x80\\x93 European Commission</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">27 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=EEAS+%E2%80%93+European+External+Action+Service+%E2%80%93+European+Commission&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi+and+the+EU&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feeas.europa.eu%2Fheadquarters%2Fheadquarters-homepage%2F996%2Fburundi-and-eu_en&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-autogenerated1-116\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-autogenerated1_116-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"#Eggers\">Eggers</a>, p. xlvii.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-117\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-117\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/burundi/Population.html\">Burundi Population</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20041223112500/http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/burundi/Population.html\">Archived</a> 23 December 2004 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved on 30 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-118\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-118\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090212123334/http://www.wfp.org/country_brief/indexcountry.asp?region=2&amp;section=9&amp;sub_section=2&amp;country=108\">\"Where We Work \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Burundi\"</a>. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">21 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Where+We+Work+%E2%80%93+Burundi&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wfp.org%2Fcountry_brief%2Findexcountry.asp%3Fregion%3D2%26section%3D9%26sub_section%3D2%26country%3D108&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\">cite web</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">link</a>)</span> World Food Programme. Retrieved on 30 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-119\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-119\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">White, A. (2007). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://data360.org/pdf/20071219073602.A%20Global%20Projection%20of%20Subjective%20Well-being.pdf\">A Global Projection of Subjective Well-being: A Challenge to Positive Psychology?</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161025102648/http://data360.org/pdf/20071219073602.A%20Global%20Projection%20of%20Subjective%20Well-being.pdf\">Archived</a> 25 October 2016 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a> Psychtalk 56, 17\\xe2\\x80\\x9320. Retrieved 8 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-120\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-120\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"#Eggers\">Eggers</a>, p. xlviii.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-121\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-121\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GITR/2014/GITR_OverallRanking_2014.pdf\">\"NRI Overall Ranking 2014\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. World Economic Forum. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161025102647/http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GITR/2014/GITR_OverallRanking_2014.pdf\">Archived</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 October 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">28 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=NRI+Overall+Ranking+2014&amp;rft.pub=World+Economic+Forum&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.weforum.org%2Fdocs%2FGITR%2F2014%2FGITR_OverallRanking_2014.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-122\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-122\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110513112229/http://www.mfw4a.org/burundi/burundi-financial-sector-profile.html\">\"Burundi: Financial Sector Profile\"</a>. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">30 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Burundi%3A+Financial+Sector+Profile&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfw4a.org%2Fburundi%2Fburundi-financial-sector-profile.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\">cite web</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">link</a>)</span> mfw4a.org</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-123\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-123\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.worlddiplomacy.org/Countries/Burundi/InfoBuru.html\">Burundi</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161226084746/http://www.worlddiplomacy.org/Countries/Burundi/InfoBuru.html\">Archived</a> 26 December 2016 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. Worlddiplomacy.org. Retrieved on 29 June 2015.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-124\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-124\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.economist.com/news/business/21568753-world-less-connected-it-was-2007-going-backwards\">Globalisation: Going backwards</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170629004224/http://www.economist.com/news/business/21568753-world-less-connected-it-was-2007-going-backwards\">Archived</a> 29 June 2017 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Economist</i> (22 December 2012). Retrieved on 4 April 2014.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-125\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-125\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.bus-planet.com/bus/bus-africa/Burundi-site/index.html\">\"Buses in Burundi\"</a>. <i>www.bus-planet.com</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">27 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.bus-planet.com&amp;rft.atitle=Buses+in+Burundi&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bus-planet.com%2Fbus%2Fbus-africa%2FBurundi-site%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-126\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-126\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170405013013/http://www.worldtravelguide.net/burundi/travel-by\">\"Travel to Burundi\"</a>. 5 April 2017. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.worldtravelguide.net/burundi/travel-by\">the original</a> on 5 April 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">27 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Travel+to+Burundi&amp;rft.date=2017-04-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldtravelguide.net%2Fburundi%2Ftravel-by&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-UN_WPP-127\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-UN_WPP_127-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://population.un.org/wpp/\">\"World Population Prospects 2022\"</a>. <i>population.un.org</i>. <a href=\"/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs\" title=\"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs\">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">17 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=population.un.org&amp;rft.atitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-128\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_128-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx\">\"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(XSLX)</span>. <i>population.un.org</i> (\"Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)\"). <a href=\"/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs\" title=\"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs\">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">17 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=population.un.org&amp;rft.atitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022%3A+Demographic+indicators+by+region%2C+subregion+and+country%2C+annually+for+1950-2100&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2FDownload%2FFiles%2F1_Indicators%2520%28Standard%29%2FEXCEL_FILES%2F1_General%2FWPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-129\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-129\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">\"<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2000/annex-tables.pdf\">Table 2. Total population by country, 1950, 2000, 2015, 2025 and 2050 (medium-variant)</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170408021211/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2000/annex-tables.pdf\">Archived</a> 8 April 2017 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>\". (PDF). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division. p. 27.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-FP-March-130\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-FP-March_130-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-FP-March_130-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Jillian Keenan, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/03/27/the-blood-cries-out-burundi-land-conflict/\">The Blood Cries Out</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180112014949/http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/03/27/the-blood-cries-out-burundi-land-conflict/\">Archived</a> 12 January 2018 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. \"In one of Africa\\'s most densely populated countries, brothers are killing brothers over the right to farm mere acres of earth. There\\'s just not enough land to go around in Burundi \\xe2\\x80\\x94 and it could push the country into civil war.\" <i><a href=\"/wiki/Foreign_Policy\" title=\"Foreign Policy\">Foreign Policy</a> (FP)</i></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-131\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-131\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Kaufman, Stephen. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2006/October/20061017183816esnamfuak0.9061396.html\">U.S. Accepting Approximately 10,000 Refugees from Burundi</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080213183252/http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2006/October/20061017183816esnamfuak0.9061396.html\">Archived</a> 13 February 2008 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. 17 October 2006. <a href=\"/wiki/U.S._Department_of_State\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"U.S. Department of State\">U.S. Department of State</a>. Retrieved on 30 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-132\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-132\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20140829-le-burundi-met-ordre-politique-linguistique\">\"Burundi: l\\'anglais officialis\\xc3\\xa9 aux c\\xc3\\xb4t\\xc3\\xa9s du fran\\xc3\\xa7ais et du kirundi\"</a>. <i>RFI</i> (in French). 29 August 2014<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">14 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=RFI&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi%3A+l%27anglais+officialis%C3%A9+aux+c%C3%B4t%C3%A9s+du+fran%C3%A7ais+et+du+kirundi&amp;rft.date=2014-08-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Ffr%2Fafrique%2F20140829-le-burundi-met-ordre-politique-linguistique&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-133\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-133\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://observatoire.francophonie.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Rapport-La-langue-francaise-dans-le-monde_VF-2022.pdf\">La langue fran\\xc3\\xa7aise dans le monde</a> (2022)</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-134\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-134\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://citypopulation.de/Burundi-Cities.html\">\"Burundi\"</a>. <i>citypopulation.de</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130423164936/http://www.citypopulation.de/Burundi-Cities.html\">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">26 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=citypopulation.de&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2FBurundi-Cities.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-pew-135\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-pew_135-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/burundi/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&amp;affiliations_year=2010\">Pew Research Center\\'s Religion &amp; Public Life Project: Burundi</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171204222921/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/burundi/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&amp;affiliations_year=2010\">Archived</a> 4 December 2017 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href=\"/wiki/Pew_Research_Center\" title=\"Pew Research Center\">Pew Research Center</a>. 2010.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-state2010-136\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-state2010_136-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20101123105533/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148667.htm\">Burundi</a> . U.S. Department of State. State.gov (17 November 2010). Retrieved on 24 November 2012.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-:4-137\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_137-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_137-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_137-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_137-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFFalisseMasinoNgenzebuhoro2018\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Falisse, Jean-Benoit; Masino, Serena; Ngenzebuhoro, Raymond (2018). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fheapol%2Fczy002\">\"Indigenous medicine and biomedical health care in fragile settings: insights from Burundi\"</a>. <i>Health Policy and Planning</i>. <b>33</b> (4): 483\\xe2\\x80\\x93493. <a href=\"/wiki/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\">doi</a>:<span class=\"cs1-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fheapol%2Fczy002\">10.1093/heapol/czy002</a></span>. <a href=\"/wiki/PMID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29452365\">29452365</a>. <a href=\"/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"S2CID (identifier)\">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4917618\">4917618</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Health+Policy+and+Planning&amp;rft.atitle=Indigenous+medicine+and+biomedical+health+care+in+fragile+settings%3A+insights+from+Burundi&amp;rft.volume=33&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=483-493&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4917618%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29452365&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fheapol%2Fczy002&amp;rft.aulast=Falisse&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean-Benoit&amp;rft.au=Masino%2C+Serena&amp;rft.au=Ngenzebuhoro%2C+Raymond&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fheapol%252Fczy002&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-:5-138\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_138-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_138-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://proxy.library.upenn.edu:2083/ps/i.do?p=STND&amp;u=upenn_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA473037544&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon\">\"Panalpina flies UNICEF relief to Burundi; 70 tons of primary medical care goods arrived in Burundi\"</a>. <i>African Press Organization</i>. 30 November 2015.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=African+Press+Organization&amp;rft.atitle=Panalpina+flies+UNICEF+relief+to+Burundi%3B+70+tons+of+primary+medical+care+goods+arrived+in+Burundi&amp;rft.date=2015-11-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fproxy.library.upenn.edu%3A2083%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DSTND%26u%3Dupenn_main%26id%3DGALE%26%23124%3BA473037544%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr%26sid%3Dsummon&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-:8-139\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-:8_139-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:8_139-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:8_139-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:8_139-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://proxy.library.upenn.edu:2083/ps/i.do?p=SUIC&amp;u=upenn_main&amp;id=GALE%7CCX3652100082&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon\">\"Burundi\"</a>. <i>Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Worldmark+Encyclopedia+of+the+Nations&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fproxy.library.upenn.edu%3A2083%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DSUIC%26u%3Dupenn_main%26id%3DGALE%26%23124%3BCX3652100082%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr%26sid%3Dsummon&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-140\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-140\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.who.int/countries/bdi/en/\">\"Burundi health at WHO\"</a>. <i>WHO</i>. 28 April 2005. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170722044353/http://www.who.int/countries/bdi/en/\">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">28 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=WHO&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi+health+at+WHO&amp;rft.date=2005-04-28&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fcountries%2Fbdi%2Fen%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-141\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-141\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20060616201411/http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/burundi/eating.html\">\"Eating the Burundian Way\"</a>. Archived from the original on 16 June 2006<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">21 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Eating+the+Burundian+Way&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cp-pc.ca%2Fenglish%2Fburundi%2Feating.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\">cite web</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">link</a>)</span> Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Retrieved 30 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-142\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-142\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Levin, Adam (2005). <i>The Art of African Shopping</i>. <a href=\"/wiki/Cape_Town\" title=\"Cape Town\">Cape Town</a>, South Africa: Struik, p. 36. <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77007-070-7\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-1-77007-070-7\">978-1-77007-070-7</a></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-r1-143\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-r1_143-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-r1_143-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20061001220348/http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/burundi/arts.html\">\"Burundi Arts and Literature\"</a>. Archived from the original on 1 October 2006<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">21 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Burundi+Arts+and+Literature&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cp-pc.ca%2Fenglish%2Fburundi%2Farts.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\">cite web</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">link</a>)</span> Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Retrieved 30 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-144\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-144\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://gazette.gmu.edu/articles/8972/\">Center for the Arts Presents the Royal Drummers of Burundi</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170503141344/http://gazette.gmu.edu/articles/8972/\">Archived</a> 3 May 2017 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Mason Gazette</i>. 14 September 2006. <a href=\"/wiki/George_Mason_University\" title=\"George Mason University\">George Mason University</a>. Retrieved on 20 July 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-145\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-145\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Vansina, Jan (1985). <i>Oral Tradition as History</i>. <a href=\"/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin\" title=\"Madison, Wisconsin\">Madison, Wisconsin</a>: University of Wisconsin Press, p. 114. <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-299-10214-9\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-299-10214-9\">0-299-10214-9</a></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-146\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-146\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20060616201422/http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/burundi/sports.html\">\"Sports and Recreation\"</a>. Archived from the original on 16 June 2006<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">24 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Sports+and+Recreation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cp-pc.ca%2Fenglish%2Fburundi%2Fsports.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\">cite web</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">link</a>)</span>, Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Retrieved 20 July 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-147\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-147\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20061001220348/http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/burundi/holidays.html\">\"Burundi Holidays\"</a>. Archived from the original on 1 October 2006<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">21 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Burundi+Holidays&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cp-pc.ca%2Fenglish%2Fburundi%2Fholidays.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\">cite web</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">link</a>)</span> Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Retrieved 30 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-148\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-148\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Trawicky, Bernard and Gregory, Ruth Wilhelme (2000) <i>Anniversaries and Holidays</i>, Chicago, Illinois: American Library Association. p. 110. <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8389-0695-8\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-8389-0695-8\">0-8389-0695-8</a></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-Burundi_celebrates_Muslim_holiday-149\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Burundi_celebrates_Muslim_holiday_149-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4402974.stm\">Burundi celebrates Muslim holiday</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170617204223/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4402974.stm\">Archived</a> 17 June 2017 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href=\"/wiki/BBC\" title=\"BBC\">BBC</a>. 3 November 2005. Retrieved on 30 June 2008.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-150\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-150\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/Tables_Excel/table4a_Dec%202011.xls\">Table 4a. Literacy</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161226084857/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/Tables_Excel/table4a_Dec%202011.xls\">Archived</a> 26 December 2016 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. un.org</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-151\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-151\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFUIS\" class=\"citation web cs1\">UIS. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170905185501/http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=EDULIT_DS&amp;popupcustomise=true&amp;lang=en\">\"Education\"</a>. <i>data.uis.unesco.org</i>. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=EDULIT_DS&amp;popupcustomise=true&amp;lang=en\">the original</a> on 5 September 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">22 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=data.uis.unesco.org&amp;rft.atitle=Education&amp;rft.au=UIS&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.uis.unesco.org%2FIndex.aspx%3FDataSetCode%3DEDULIT_DS%26popupcustomise%3Dtrue%26lang%3Den&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-152\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-152\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Macauley, C., M. Onyango, Niragira, E. (Spring 2012) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://maic.jmu.edu/journal/16.2/notes/Macauley/macauley.html\">\"Peer-support Training for Nonliterate and Semiliterate Female Ex-combatants: Experience in Burundi\"</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130208114426/http://maic.jmu.edu/journal/16.2/notes/Macauley/macauley.html\">Archived</a> 8 February 2013 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Journal of ERW and Mine Action</i>, Issue 16.1. Maic.jmu.edu. Retrieved on 24 November 2012.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-153\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-153\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20061001220510/http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/burundi/learning.html\">\"Learning in Burundi\"</a>. Archived from the original on 1 October 2006<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">21 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Learning+in+Burundi&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cp-pc.ca%2Fenglish%2Fburundi%2Flearning.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\">cite web</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">link</a>)</span> Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. cp-pc.ca</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-154\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-154\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.bridge-to-burundi.org/our-goal.php\">Bridge To Burundi</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161226084654/http://bridge-to-burundi.org/our-goal.php\">Archived</a> 26 December 2016 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on 4 April 2014.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-155\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-155\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/pages/Westwood-Bridge-to-Burundi/108664129177944\">Westwood Bridge to Burundi</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161226084718/https://www.facebook.com/pages/Westwood-Bridge-to-Burundi/108664129177944\">Archived</a> 26 December 2016 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a>. Facebook. Retrieved on 4 April 2014.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021-156\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021_156-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021_156-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021_156-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021_156-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021_156-4\"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021_156-5\"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Kingiri_&amp;_Onana_2021_156-6\"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFNjoki_KingiriAwono_Onana2021\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Njoki Kingiri; Awono Onana (11 June 2021).  Schneegans, S.; Straza, T.; Lewis, J. (eds.). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000377433\"><i>Central and East Africa. In UNESCO Science Report: the Race Against Time for Smarter Development</i></a>. Paris: UNESCO. pp.&#160;496\\xe2\\x80\\x93533. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100450-6\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100450-6\"><bdi>978-92-3-100450-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Central+and+East+Africa.+In+UNESCO+Science+Report%3A+the+Race+Against+Time+for+Smarter+Development.&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pages=496-533&amp;rft.pub=UNESCO&amp;rft.date=2021-06-11&amp;rft.isbn=978-92-3-100450-6&amp;rft.au=Njoki+Kingiri&amp;rft.au=Awono+Onana&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fark%3A%2F48223%2Fpf0000377433&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\\n</li>\\n</ol></div></div>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Bibliography\">Bibliography</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31\" title=\"Edit section: Bibliography\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1054258005\">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class=\"refbegin\" style=\"\">\\n<ul><li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"Eggers\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Eggers, Ellen K. (2006). <i>Historical Dictionary of Burundi</i> (3rd&#160;ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-5302-7\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-8108-5302-7\"><bdi>0-8108-5302-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Burundi&amp;rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=0-8108-5302-7&amp;rft.aulast=Eggers&amp;rft.aufirst=Ellen+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li>\\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"Lemarchand1996\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Lemarchand, Rene (1996). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=3d_r13a3IgMC&amp;pg=PR17\"><i>Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56623-0\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56623-0\"><bdi>978-0-521-56623-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Burundi%3A+Ethnic+Conflict+and+Genocide&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-56623-0&amp;rft.au=Lemarchand%2C+Rene&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3d_r13a3IgMC%26pg%3DPR17&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li></ul>\\n</div>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Further_reading\">Further reading</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32\" title=\"Edit section: Further reading\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1054258005\"/><div class=\"refbegin\" style=\"\">\\n<ul><li>Abdallah, Ahmedou Ould <i>Burundi on the Brink, 1993\\xe2\\x80\\x9395: A UN Special Envoy Reflects on Preventive Diplomacy</i></li>\\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFAllen,_J._A.2003\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Allen, J. A.;  et&#160;al. (2003). <i>Africa South of the Sahara 2004: South of the Sahara</i>. New York, New York: Taylor and Francis Group. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85743-183-9\" title=\"Special:BookSources/1-85743-183-9\"><bdi>1-85743-183-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Africa+South+of+the+Sahara+2004%3A+South+of+the+Sahara&amp;rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&amp;rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis+Group&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=1-85743-183-9&amp;rft.au=Allen%2C+J.+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li>\\n<li>Bentley, Kristina and Southall, Roger <i>An African Peace Process: Mandela, South Africa, and Burundi</i></li>\\n<li>Chr\\xc3\\xa9tien, Jean-Pierre <i>The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History</i></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Patricia_Daley\" title=\"Patricia Daley\">Daley, Patricia</a> <i>Gender and Genocide in Burundi: The Search for Spaces of Peace in the Great Lakes Region</i></li>\\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFGatesAnthony_Appiah1999\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Gates, Henry Lewis; Anthony Appiah (1999). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/africanaencyclop00appi\"><i>Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience</i></a>. New York, New York: Basic Civitas Books. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-00071-1\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-465-00071-1\"><bdi>0-465-00071-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Africana%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+the+African+and+African+American+Experience&amp;rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&amp;rft.pub=Basic+Civitas+Books&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=0-465-00071-1&amp;rft.aulast=Gates&amp;rft.aufirst=Henry+Lewis&amp;rft.au=Anthony+Appiah&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fafricanaencyclop00appi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li>\\n<li>Ewusi, Kale and Akwanga, Ebenezer <i>Burundi\\'s Negative Peace: The Shadow of a Broken Continent in the Era of Nepad</i></li>\\n<li>Jennings, Christian <i>Across the Red River: Rwanda, Burundi and the Heart of Darkness</i></li>\\n<li>Kayoya, Michel <i>My Father\\'s Footsteps</i> (<i>Sur les traces de mon p\\xc3\\xa8re</i>) East African Publishing House, 1973</li>\\n<li>Kayoya, Michel <i>Entre deux mondes</i> (Between two worlds) Lavigerie \\xc3\\x89diteurs, Bujumbura: 1971. Kayoya was murdered during the 1972 genocide.</li>\\n<li>Kidder, Tracy, <i>Strength in What Remains</i> (A biography of a Burundian immigrant to the US)</li>\\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFKruegerKathleen_Tobin_Krueger2007\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Krueger, Robert; Kathleen Tobin Krueger (2007). <i>From Bloodshed to Hope in Burundi: Our Embassy Years during Genocide</i>. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-71486-1\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-292-71486-1\"><bdi>978-0-292-71486-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Bloodshed+to+Hope+in+Burundi%3A+Our+Embassy+Years+during+Genocide&amp;rft.place=Austin%2C+Texas&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-292-71486-1&amp;rft.aulast=Krueger&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft.au=Kathleen+Tobin+Krueger&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li>\\n<li>Melady, Thomas Patrick <i>Burundi: The Tragic Years</i></li>\\n<li>Nivonzima, David and Fendell, Len <i>Unlocking Horns: Forgiveness and Reconciliation in Burundi</i></li>\\n<li>Uvin, Peter <i>Life After Violence: A People\\'s Story of Burundi</i></li>\\n<li>Watt, Nigel <i> Burundi: The Biography of a Small African Country</i></li>\\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\"/><cite id=\"CITEREFWeinstein2006\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Weinstein, Warren (2006). <i>Historical Dictionary of Burundi</i>. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press. <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-0962-1\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-8108-0962-1\"><bdi>0-8108-0962-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Burundi&amp;rft.place=Metuchen%2C+New+Jersey&amp;rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=0-8108-0962-1&amp;rft.aulast=Weinstein&amp;rft.aufirst=Warren&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurundi\" class=\"Z3988\"></span> 1st. edition.</li></ul>\\n</div>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"External_links\">External links</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33\" title=\"Edit section: External links\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1134653256\">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1097092911\">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"sister-projects\" class=\"side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409\"/>\\n<div class=\"side-box-abovebelow\">\\n<b>Burundi</b>  at Wikipedia\\'s <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects\" title=\"Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects\"><span id=\"sister-projects\">sister projects</span></a></div>\\n<div class=\"side-box-flex\">\\n<div class=\"side-box-text plainlist\"><ul><li><span class=\"sister-logo\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"27\" height=\"27\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"391\" data-file-height=\"391\" /></span><span class=\"sister-link\"><a href=\"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Burundi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"wikt:Special:Search/Burundi\">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class=\"sister-logo\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"27\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1024\" data-file-height=\"1376\" /></span><span class=\"sister-link\"><a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Burundi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"c:Burundi\">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class=\"sister-logo\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"27\" height=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"759\" data-file-height=\"415\" /></span><span class=\"sister-link\"><a href=\"https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Burundi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"n:Category:Burundi\">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class=\"sister-logo\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"27\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"355\" /></span><span class=\"sister-link\"><a href=\"https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Burundi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"q:Burundi\">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class=\"sister-logo\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"27\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"410\" data-file-height=\"430\" /></span><span class=\"sister-link\"><a href=\"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Burundi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"s:Special:Search/Burundi\">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class=\"sister-logo\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"27\" height=\"27\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"300\" /></span><span class=\"sister-link\"><a href=\"https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Burundi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"b:Special:Search/Burundi\">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class=\"sister-logo\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"27\" height=\"22\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"626\" data-file-height=\"512\" /></span><span class=\"sister-link\"><a href=\"https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Burundi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"v:Special:Search/Burundi\">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class=\"sister-logo\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"27\" height=\"27\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"193\" data-file-height=\"193\" /></span><span class=\"sister-link\"><a href=\"https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Burundi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"voy:Burundi\">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div>\\n</div>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1134653256\"/><div class=\"side-box metadata side-box-right\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409\"/>\\n<div class=\"side-box-flex\">\\n<div class=\"side-box-image\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/40px-Scholia_logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"39\" class=\"noviewer\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/60px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/80px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"107\" data-file-height=\"104\" /></div>\\n<div class=\"side-box-text plainlist\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Scholia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"d:Wikidata:Scholia\">Scholia</a> has a <i>country</i> profile for <i><b><a href=\"https://iw.toolforge.org/scholia/country/Q967\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"toolforge:scholia/country/Q967\">Burundi</a></b></i>.</div></div>\\n</div>\\n<ul><li>Records of <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://search.archives.un.org/united-nations-international-commission-of-inquiry-for-burundi-unicib-1995-1996\">the United Nations International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi (UNICIB) (1995\\xe2\\x80\\x931996)</a> at the United Nations Archives</li>\\n<li><span class=\"languageicon\">(in French)</span> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.burundi.gov.bi/\">Official Burundi government website</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180420053748/http://www.burundi.gov.bi/\">Archived</a> 20 April 2018 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></li>\\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://archive.today/20121127161029/http://justice.gov.bi/\">Official Website of the Ministry of Justice of Burundi</a></li>\\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110813050117/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-b/burundi.html\">Chief of State and Cabinet Members</a></li>\\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burundi/\">Burundi</a>. <i><a href=\"/wiki/The_World_Factbook\" title=\"The World Factbook\">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href=\"/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency\" title=\"Central Intelligence Agency\">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li>\\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090523153822/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/burundi.htm\">Burundi</a> from <i>UCB Libraries GovPubs</i></li>\\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://curlie.org/Regional/Africa/Burundi\">Burundi</a> at <a href=\"/wiki/Curlie\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Curlie\">Curlie</a></li>\\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13085064\">Burundi</a> from the <a href=\"/wiki/BBC_News\" title=\"BBC News\">BBC News</a></li>\\n<li><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"48\" data-file-height=\"48\" /> <a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Burundi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"commons:Atlas of Burundi\">Wikimedia Atlas of Burundi</a></li>\\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=BI\">Key Development Forecasts for Burundi</a> from <a href=\"/wiki/International_Futures\" title=\"International Futures\">International Futures</a></li></ul>\\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1129693374\">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:\": \"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:\" \\xc2\\xb7 \";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:\" (\";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:\")\";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:\" \"counter(listitem)\"\\\\a0 \"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:\" (\"counter(listitem)\"\\\\a0 \"}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1061467846\">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\"/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\"/></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Burundi_articles\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"/><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1063604349\">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:\"[ \"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:\" ]\"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Burundi_topics\" title=\"Template:Burundi topics\"><abbr title=\"View this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Burundi_topics\" title=\"Template talk:Burundi topics\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Burundi_topics&amp;action=edit\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Burundi_articles\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Burundi</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Index_of_Burundi-related_articles\" title=\"Index of Burundi-related articles\">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/History_of_Burundi\" title=\"History of Burundi\">History</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/History_of_Burundi\" title=\"History of Burundi\">History of Burundi</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Timeline_of_Burundian_history\" title=\"Timeline of Burundian history\">Timeline</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Urewe\" title=\"Urewe\">Urewe culture</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Origins_of_Hutu,_Tutsi_and_Twa\" title=\"Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa\">Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi\" title=\"Kingdom of Burundi\">Kingdom of Burundi</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Burundi\" title=\"List of kings of Burundi\">kings</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/German_East_Africa\" title=\"German East Africa\">German East Africa</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ruanda-Urundi\" title=\"Ruanda-Urundi\">Ruanda-Urundi</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_colonial_residents_of_Burundi\" title=\"List of colonial residents of Burundi\">Colonial residents</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ruzagayura_famine\" title=\"Ruzagayura famine\">Ruzagayura famine</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li>Burundian genocides\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Ikiza\" title=\"Ikiza\">1972</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/1993_ethnic_violence_in_Burundi\" title=\"1993 ethnic violence in Burundi\">1993</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Second_Congo_War\" title=\"Second Congo War\">Second Congo War</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_Civil_War\" title=\"Burundian Civil War\">Burundian Civil War</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/1993_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt\" title=\"1993 Burundian coup d&#39;\\xc3\\xa9tat attempt\">1993 coup d\\'\\xc3\\xa9tat attempt</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_unrest_(2015%E2%80%932018)\" title=\"Burundian unrest (2015\\xe2\\x80\\x932018)\">Burundian unrest (2015\\xe2\\x80\\x932018)</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Geography_of_Burundi\" title=\"Geography of Burundi\">Geography</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Burundi\" title=\"List of cities in Burundi\">Cities</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Geography_of_Burundi#Climate\" title=\"Geography of Burundi\">Climate</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Communes_of_Burundi\" title=\"Communes of Burundi\">Communes</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Burundi\" title=\"List of lakes of Burundi\">Lakes</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Provinces_of_Burundi\" title=\"Provinces of Burundi\">Provinces</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Burundi\" title=\"List of rivers of Burundi\">Rivers</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wildlife_of_Burundi\" title=\"Wildlife of Burundi\">Wildlife</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Politics_of_Burundi\" title=\"Politics of Burundi\">Politics</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Burundi\" title=\"Subdivisions of Burundi\">Administrative divisions</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Constitution_of_Burundi\" title=\"Constitution of Burundi\">Constitution</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Kingdom_of_Burundi\" title=\"Constitution of the Kingdom of Burundi\">Constitution of the Kingdom</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Elections_in_Burundi\" title=\"Elections in Burundi\">Elections</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Burundi\" title=\"Foreign relations of Burundi\">Foreign relations</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_rights_in_Burundi\" title=\"Human rights in Burundi\">Human rights</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Burundi\" title=\"LGBT rights in Burundi\">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Judiciary_of_Burundi\" title=\"Judiciary of Burundi\">Judiciary</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Burundi\" title=\"Law enforcement in Burundi\">Law enforcement</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/National_Defence_Force_(Burundi)\" title=\"National Defence Force (Burundi)\">Military</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Burundi)\" title=\"Council of Ministers (Burundi)\">Council of Ministers</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Parliament_of_Burundi\" title=\"Parliament of Burundi\">Parliament</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Burundi\" title=\"List of political parties in Burundi\">Political parties</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/President_of_Burundi\" title=\"President of Burundi\">President</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Burundi\" title=\"List of presidents of Burundi\">list</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vice-President_of_Burundi\" title=\"Vice-President of Burundi\">Vice-President</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burundi\" title=\"Prime Minister of Burundi\">Prime Minister</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_current_provincial_governors_in_Burundi\" title=\"List of current provincial governors in Burundi\">Current provincial governors</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Economy_of_Burundi\" title=\"Economy of Burundi\">Economy</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Burundi\" title=\"Bank of the Republic of Burundi\">Bank of the Republic</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_franc\" title=\"Burundian franc\">Franc <span style=\"font-size:85%;\">(currency)</span></a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Agriculture_in_Burundi\" title=\"Agriculture in Burundi\">Agriculture</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Burundi\" title=\"Mining industry of Burundi\">Mining</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Burundi\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Telecommunications in Burundi\">Telecommunications</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tourism_in_Burundi\" title=\"Tourism in Burundi\">Tourism</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Transport_in_Burundi\" title=\"Transport in Burundi\">Transport</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Culture_of_Burundi\" title=\"Culture of Burundi\">Culture</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Abortion_in_Burundi\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Abortion in Burundi\">Abortion</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Child_marriage_in_Burundi\" title=\"Child marriage in Burundi\">Child marriage</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Burundi\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Telecommunications in Burundi\">Communications</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Burundian_cuisine\" title=\"Burundian cuisine\">Cuisine</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Burundi\" title=\"Demographics of Burundi\">Demographics</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Education_in_Burundi\" title=\"Education in Burundi\">Education</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Burundi\" title=\"Ethnic groups in Burundi\">Ethnic groups</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Flag_of_Burundi\" title=\"Flag of Burundi\">Flag</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Football_in_Burundi\" title=\"Football in Burundi\">Football</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Health_in_Burundi\" title=\"Health in Burundi\">Health</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Burundi\" title=\"Human trafficking in Burundi\">Human trafficking</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Burundi#Languages\" title=\"Demographics of Burundi\">Languages</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Burundi\" title=\"LGBT rights in Burundi\">LGBT rights</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Media_of_Burundi\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Media of Burundi\">Media</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Music_of_Burundi\" title=\"Music of Burundi\">Music</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prostitution_in_Burundi\" title=\"Prostitution in Burundi\">Prostitution</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Burundi\" title=\"Public holidays in Burundi\">Public holidays</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Religion_in_Burundi\" title=\"Religion in Burundi\">Religion</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"font-weight:bold;\"><div><div style=\"margin-bottom:-0.4em;\"><ul><li><span class=\"nobold\"><a href=\"/wiki/Outline_of_Burundi\" title=\"Outline of Burundi\">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class=\"nobold\"><a href=\"/wiki/Index_of_Burundi-related_articles\" title=\"Index of Burundi-related articles\">Index</a></span></li></ul></div>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Burundi\" title=\"Category:Burundi\">Category</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Portal:Burundi\" title=\"Portal:Burundi\">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846\"/></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Links_to_related_articles\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"background:#e8e8ff;\"><div id=\"Links_to_related_articles\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%\"><div style=\"padding:0px\">\\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846\"/></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Countries_and_territories_of_Africa\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"3\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349\"/><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Africa\" title=\"Template:Countries of Africa\"><abbr title=\"View this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Africa\" title=\"Template talk:Countries of Africa\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Countries_of_Africa&amp;action=edit\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Countries_and_territories_of_Africa\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa\" title=\"List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa\">Countries and territories</a> of <a href=\"/wiki/Africa\" title=\"Africa\">Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Sovereign_state\" title=\"Sovereign state\">Sovereign states</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Algeria\" title=\"Algeria\">Algeria</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Angola\" title=\"Angola\">Angola</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Benin\" title=\"Benin\">Benin</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Botswana\" title=\"Botswana\">Botswana</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Burkina_Faso\" title=\"Burkina Faso\">Burkina Faso</a></li>\\n<li><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Burundi</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Cameroon\" title=\"Cameroon\">Cameroon</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Cape_Verde\" title=\"Cape Verde\">Cape Verde</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Central_African_Republic\" title=\"Central African Republic\">Central African Republic</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chad\" title=\"Chad\">Chad</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Comoros\" title=\"Comoros\">Comoros</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" title=\"Democratic Republic of the Congo\">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo\" title=\"Republic of the Congo\">Republic of the Congo</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Djibouti\" title=\"Djibouti\">Djibouti</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Egypt\" title=\"Egypt\">Egypt</a> (partly in Asia)</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea\" title=\"Equatorial Guinea\">Equatorial Guinea</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Eritrea\" title=\"Eritrea\">Eritrea</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Eswatini\" title=\"Eswatini\">Eswatini</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ethiopia\" title=\"Ethiopia\">Ethiopia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gabon\" title=\"Gabon\">Gabon</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/The_Gambia\" title=\"The Gambia\">The Gambia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ghana\" title=\"Ghana\">Ghana</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Guinea\" title=\"Guinea\">Guinea</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Guinea-Bissau\" title=\"Guinea-Bissau\">Guinea-Bissau</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ivory_Coast\" title=\"Ivory Coast\">Ivory Coast</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kenya\" title=\"Kenya\">Kenya</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lesotho\" title=\"Lesotho\">Lesotho</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Liberia\" title=\"Liberia\">Liberia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Libya\" title=\"Libya\">Libya</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Madagascar\" title=\"Madagascar\">Madagascar</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Malawi\" title=\"Malawi\">Malawi</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mali\" title=\"Mali\">Mali</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mauritania\" title=\"Mauritania\">Mauritania</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mauritius\" title=\"Mauritius\">Mauritius</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Morocco\" title=\"Morocco\">Morocco</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mozambique\" title=\"Mozambique\">Mozambique</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Namibia\" title=\"Namibia\">Namibia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Niger\" title=\"Niger\">Niger</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nigeria\" title=\"Nigeria\">Nigeria</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rwanda\" title=\"Rwanda\">Rwanda</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe\" title=\"S\\xc3\\xa3o Tom\\xc3\\xa9 and Pr\\xc3\\xadncipe\">S\\xc3\\xa3o Tom\\xc3\\xa9 and Pr\\xc3\\xadncipe</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Senegal\" title=\"Senegal\">Senegal</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Seychelles\" title=\"Seychelles\">Seychelles</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sierra_Leone\" title=\"Sierra Leone\">Sierra Leone</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Somalia\" title=\"Somalia\">Somalia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/South_Africa\" title=\"South Africa\">South Africa</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/South_Sudan\" title=\"South Sudan\">South Sudan</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sudan\" title=\"Sudan\">Sudan</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tanzania\" title=\"Tanzania\">Tanzania</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Togo\" title=\"Togo\">Togo</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tunisia\" title=\"Tunisia\">Tunisia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Uganda\" title=\"Uganda\">Uganda</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Zambia\" title=\"Zambia\">Zambia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Zimbabwe\" title=\"Zimbabwe\">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td><td class=\"noviewer navbox-image\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px\"><div><a href=\"/wiki/Africa\" title=\"Africa\"><img alt=\"Africa (orthographic projection).svg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"550\" data-file-height=\"550\" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><div style=\"display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;\"><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition\" title=\"List of states with limited recognition\">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic\" title=\"Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic\">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/Territorial_dispute\" title=\"Territorial dispute\">unclear sovereignty</a>)</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Somaliland\" title=\"Somaliland\">Somaliland</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><div style=\"display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Dependent_territory\" title=\"Dependent territory\">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">France</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean\" title=\"Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean\">\\xc3\\x8eles \\xc3\\x89parses</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mayotte\" title=\"Mayotte\">Mayotte</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/R%C3%A9union\" title=\"R\\xc3\\xa9union\">R\\xc3\\xa9union</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Italy</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Pantelleria\" title=\"Pantelleria\">Pantelleria</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pelagie_Islands\" title=\"Pelagie Islands\">Pelagie Islands</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Spain</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Canary_Islands\" title=\"Canary Islands\">Canary Islands</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ceuta\" title=\"Ceuta\">Ceuta</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Melilla\" title=\"Melilla\">Melilla</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa\" title=\"Plazas de soberan\\xc3\\xada\">Plazas de soberan\\xc3\\xada</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Others</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Madeira\" title=\"Madeira\">Madeira</a> (Portugal)</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha\" title=\"Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha\">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> (United Kingdom)</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Socotra\" title=\"Socotra\">Socotra</a> (Yemen)</li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"3\"><div>\\n<ul><li><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Category\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" class=\"noviewer\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"180\" data-file-height=\"185\" /> <b><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Africa\" title=\"Category:Africa\">Category</a></b></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg\" class=\"image\" title=\"Portal\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" class=\"noviewer\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"180\" data-file-height=\"185\" /></a> <b><a href=\"/wiki/Portal:Africa\" title=\"Portal:Africa\">Africa portal</a></b></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846\"/></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"African_Union\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349\"/><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:African_Union\" title=\"Template:African Union\"><abbr title=\"View this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:African_Union\" title=\"Template talk:African Union\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:African_Union&amp;action=edit\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"African_Union\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/African_Union\" title=\"African Union\">African Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/History_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"History of the African Union\">History</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Pan-Africanism\" title=\"Pan-Africanism\">Pan-Africanism</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa\" title=\"Decolonisation of Africa\">Decolonisation of Africa</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Casablanca_Group\" title=\"Casablanca Group\">Casablanca Group</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Monrovia_Group\" title=\"Monrovia Group\">Monrovia Group</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/African_and_Malagasy_Union\" title=\"African and Malagasy Union\">African and Malagasy Union</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Monetary_Union\" title=\"African Monetary Union\">Abuja Treaty</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sirte_Declaration\" title=\"Sirte Declaration\">Sirte Declaration</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Constitutive_Act_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Constitutive Act of the African Union\">Lome Summit</a></li>\\n<li><b><a href=\"/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity\" title=\"Organisation of African Unity\">Organisation of African Unity</a></b>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity\" title=\"Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity\">Chairperson</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity\" title=\"Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity\">Secretary General</a></li></ul></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Geography_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Geography of the African Union\">Geography</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Countries_bordering_the_African_Union\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Countries bordering the African Union\">Borders</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_African_Union\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Extreme points of the African Union\">Extreme points</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Member_states_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Member states of the African Union\">Member states</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Regions_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Regions of the African Union\">Regions</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Organs_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Organs of the African Union\">Organs</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Executive Council of the African Union\">Executive Council</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Permanent_Representatives%27_Committee_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Permanent Representatives&#39; Committee of the African Union\">Permanent Representatives\\' Committee</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Specialised_Technical_Committees_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union\">Specialized Technical Committees</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Assembly of the African Union\">Assembly</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Chairperson of the African Union\">Chairperson</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/African_Union_Commission\" title=\"African Union Commission\">Commission</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission\" title=\"Chairperson of the African Union Commission\">Chairperson</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission\" title=\"Chairperson of the African Union Commission\">Deputy Chairperson</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/AU_Conference_Center_and_Office_Complex\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"AU Conference Center and Office Complex\">AUCC</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament\" title=\"Pan-African Parliament\">Pan-African Parliament</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament\" title=\"Bureau of the Pan-African Parliament\">Bureau</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament\" title=\"Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament\">Secretariat</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gallagher_Convention_Centre\" title=\"Gallagher Convention Centre\">Gallagher Estate</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Court of Justice of the African Union\">African Court of Justice</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights\" title=\"African Court on Human and Peoples&#39; Rights\">African Court on Human and Peoples\\' Rights</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Council\" title=\"Economic, Social and Cultural Council\">ECOSOCC Committees</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Committee\" title=\"Peace and Security Committee\">Peace and Security</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Political_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)\" title=\"Political Affairs Committee (African Union)\">Political Affairs</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Infrastructure_and_Energy_Committee\" title=\"Infrastructure and Energy Committee\">Infrastructure and Energy</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Social_Affairs_and_Health_Committee\" title=\"Social Affairs and Health Committee\">Social Affairs and Health</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_Resources,_Science,_and_Technology_Committee\" title=\"Human Resources, Science, and Technology Committee\">HR, Sciences and Technology</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Trade_and_Industry_Committee_(African_Union)\" title=\"Trade and Industry Committee (African Union)\">Trade and Industry</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rural_Economy_and_Agriculture_Committee\" title=\"Rural Economy and Agriculture Committee\">Rural Economy and Agriculture</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Economic_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)\" title=\"Economic Affairs Committee (African Union)\">Economic Affairs</a></li>\\n<li>Women and Gender</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Cross-Cutting_Programs_Committee\" title=\"Cross-Cutting Programs Committee\">Cross-Cutting Programs</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Financial institutions</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Central_Bank\" title=\"African Central Bank\">African Central Bank</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Monetary_Fund\" title=\"African Monetary Fund\">African Monetary Fund</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Investment_Bank\" title=\"African Investment Bank\">African Investment Bank</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council\" title=\"Peace and Security Council\">Peace and Security Council</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Capacity_for_Immediate_Response_to_Crises\" title=\"African Capacity for Immediate Response to Crises\">ACIRC</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Standby_Force\" title=\"African Standby Force\">African Standby Force</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Panel_of_the_Wise\" title=\"Panel of the Wise\">Panel of the Wise</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/United_Nations%E2%80%93African_Union_Mission_in_Darfur\" title=\"United Nations\\xe2\\x80\\x93African Union Mission in Darfur\">UNAMID</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Burundi\" title=\"African Union Mission in Burundi\">AMIB</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Sudan\" title=\"African Union Mission in Sudan\">AMIS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia\" title=\"African Union Mission to Somalia\">AMISOM</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/MISCA\" title=\"MISCA\">MISCA</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Specialised agencies and institutions</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention\" title=\"Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention\">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Politics_of_the_African_Union\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Politics of the African Union\">Politics</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Peer_Review_Mechanism\" title=\"African Peer Review Mechanism\">APRM</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Foreign relations of the African Union\">Foreign relations</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights\" title=\"African Charter on Human and Peoples&#39; Rights\">African Charter on Human and Peoples\\' Rights</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights\" title=\"African Commission on Human and Peoples&#39; Rights\">African Commission on Human and Peoples\\' Rights</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Enlargement of the African Union\">Enlargement</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command\" title=\"United States Africa Command\">United States Africa Command</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases\" title=\"List of United States military bases\">United States military bases</a>)</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_United_States_ambassadors_to_the_African_Union\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"List of United States ambassadors to the African Union\">United States ambassador</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Symbols_of_the_African_Union\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Symbols of the African Union\">Symbols</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Let_Us_All_Unite_and_Celebrate_Together\" title=\"Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together\">Anthem</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Emblem_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Emblem of the African Union\">Emblem</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Flag_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Flag of the African Union\">Flag</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Union_Passport\" title=\"African Union Passport\">Passport</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Economy_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Economy of the African Union\">Economy</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_central_banks_of_Africa\" title=\"List of central banks of Africa\">Currencies</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/Gold_standard#Advocates\" title=\"Gold standard\">Gold standard</a>)</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Development_Bank\" title=\"African Development Bank\">Development Bank</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Economic_Community\" title=\"African Economic Community\">African Economic Community</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development\" title=\"New Partnership for Africa&#39;s Development\">NEPAD</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area\" title=\"African Continental Free Trade Area\">African Continental Free Trade Area</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Single_African_Air_Transport_Market\" title=\"Single African Air Transport Market\">Single African Air Transport Market</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Culture</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Africa_Day\" title=\"Africa Day\">Africa Day</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Languages_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Languages of the African Union\">Languages</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Theory</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/African_Monetary_Union\" title=\"African Monetary Union\">Afro</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/United_States_of_Africa\" title=\"United States of Africa\">United States of Africa</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa\" title=\"United States of Latin Africa\">United States of Latin Africa</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/East_African_Federation\" title=\"East African Federation\">East African Federation</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow hlist\" colspan=\"2\"><div>\\n<ul><li><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Category\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" class=\"noviewer\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"180\" data-file-height=\"185\" /> <a href=\"/wiki/Category:African_Union\" title=\"Category:African Union\">Category</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846\"/></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349\"/><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:La_Francophonie\" title=\"Template:La Francophonie\"><abbr title=\"View this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:La_Francophonie\" title=\"Template talk:La Francophonie\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:La_Francophonie&amp;action=edit\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie\" title=\"Organisation internationale de la Francophonie\">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie\" title=\"Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie\">Members</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;font-weight:normal;\">Members</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Albania\" title=\"Albania\">Albania</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Andorra\" title=\"Andorra\">Andorra</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Armenia\" title=\"Armenia\">Armenia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Belgium\" title=\"Belgium\">Belgium</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Benin\" title=\"Benin\">Benin</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bulgaria\" title=\"Bulgaria\">Bulgaria</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Burkina_Faso\" title=\"Burkina Faso\">Burkina Faso</a></li>\\n<li><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Burundi</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Cambodia\" title=\"Cambodia\">Cambodia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Cameroon\" title=\"Cameroon\">Cameroon</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Canada\" title=\"Canada\">Canada</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Cape_Verde\" title=\"Cape Verde\">Cape Verde</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Central_African_Republic\" title=\"Central African Republic\">Central African Republic</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chad\" title=\"Chad\">Chad</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Comoros\" title=\"Comoros\">Comoros</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" title=\"Democratic Republic of the Congo\">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo\" title=\"Republic of the Congo\">Republic of the Congo</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Djibouti\" title=\"Djibouti\">Djibouti</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dominica\" title=\"Dominica\">Dominica</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Egypt\" title=\"Egypt\">Egypt</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea\" title=\"Equatorial Guinea\">Equatorial Guinea</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/France\" title=\"France\">France</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gabon\" title=\"Gabon\">Gabon</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Greece\" title=\"Greece\">Greece</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Guinea\" title=\"Guinea\">Guinea</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Guinea-Bissau\" title=\"Guinea-Bissau\">Guinea-Bissau</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Haiti\" title=\"Haiti\">Haiti</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ivory_Coast\" title=\"Ivory Coast\">Ivory Coast</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Laos\" title=\"Laos\">Laos</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lebanon\" title=\"Lebanon\">Lebanon</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Luxembourg\" title=\"Luxembourg\">Luxembourg</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/North_Macedonia\" title=\"North Macedonia\">North Macedonia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Madagascar\" title=\"Madagascar\">Madagascar</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mali\" title=\"Mali\">Mali</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mauritania\" title=\"Mauritania\">Mauritania</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mauritius\" title=\"Mauritius\">Mauritius</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Moldova\" title=\"Moldova\">Moldova</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Monaco\" title=\"Monaco\">Monaco</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Morocco\" title=\"Morocco\">Morocco</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Niger\" title=\"Niger\">Niger</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Qatar\" title=\"Qatar\">Qatar</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Romania\" title=\"Romania\">Romania</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rwanda\" title=\"Rwanda\">Rwanda</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saint_Lucia\" title=\"Saint Lucia\">Saint Lucia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe\" title=\"S\\xc3\\xa3o Tom\\xc3\\xa9 and Pr\\xc3\\xadncipe\">S\\xc3\\xa3o Tom\\xc3\\xa9 and Pr\\xc3\\xadncipe</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Senegal\" title=\"Senegal\">Senegal</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Seychelles\" title=\"Seychelles\">Seychelles</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Switzerland\" title=\"Switzerland\">Switzerland</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Togo\" title=\"Togo\">Togo</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tunisia\" title=\"Tunisia\">Tunisia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vanuatu\" title=\"Vanuatu\">Vanuatu</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vietnam\" title=\"Vietnam\">Vietnam</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;font-weight:normal;\">National/regional members</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/French_Community_of_Belgium\" title=\"French Community of Belgium\">French Community of Belgium</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/New_Brunswick\" title=\"New Brunswick\">New Brunswick</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Quebec\" title=\"Quebec\">Quebec</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;font-weight:normal;\">Associate members</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Gambia\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Gambia\">Gambia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ghana\" title=\"Ghana\">Ghana</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Cyprus\" title=\"Cyprus\">Cyprus</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Serbia\" title=\"Serbia\">Serbia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates\" title=\"United Arab Emirates\">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;font-weight:normal;\">Observers</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Argentina\" title=\"Argentina\">Argentina</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Austria\" title=\"Austria\">Austria</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina\" title=\"Bosnia and Herzegovina\">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Croatia\" title=\"Croatia\">Croatia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Czech_Republic\" title=\"Czech Republic\">Czech Republic</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dominican_Republic\" title=\"Dominican Republic\">Dominican Republic</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Georgia_(country)\" title=\"Georgia (country)\">Georgia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hungary\" title=\"Hungary\">Hungary</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland\" title=\"Republic of Ireland\">Ireland</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kosovo\" title=\"Kosovo\">Kosovo</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Latvia\" title=\"Latvia\">Latvia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lithuania\" title=\"Lithuania\">Lithuania</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louisiana\" title=\"Louisiana\">Louisiana</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mexico\" title=\"Mexico\">Mexico</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Montenegro\" title=\"Montenegro\">Montenegro</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mozambique\" title=\"Mozambique\">Mozambique</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ontario\" title=\"Ontario\">Ontario</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Poland\" title=\"Poland\">Poland</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Slovakia\" title=\"Slovakia\">Slovakia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Slovenia\" title=\"Slovenia\">Slovenia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/South_Korea\" title=\"South Korea\">South Korea</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ukraine\" title=\"Ukraine\">Ukraine</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Uruguay\" title=\"Uruguay\">Uruguay</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;font-weight:normal;\">Suspended members</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Thailand\" title=\"Thailand\">Thailand</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Organization</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_parlementaire_de_la_Francophonie\" title=\"Assembl\\xc3\\xa9e parlementaire de la Francophonie\">Assembl\\xc3\\xa9e parlementaire de la Francophonie</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Agence_de_Coop%C3%A9ration_Culturelle_et_Technique\" title=\"Agence de Coop\\xc3\\xa9ration Culturelle et Technique\">Agence de Coop\\xc3\\xa9ration Culturelle et Technique</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Agence_universitaire_de_la_Francophonie\" title=\"Agence universitaire de la Francophonie\">Agence universitaire de la Francophonie</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Culture</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/French_language\" title=\"French language\">French language</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/UN_French_Language_Day\" title=\"UN French Language Day\">UN French Language Day</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/International_Francophonie_Day\" title=\"International Francophonie Day\">International Francophonie Day</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jeux_de_la_Francophonie\" title=\"Jeux de la Francophonie\">Jeux de la Francophonie</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_des_cinq_continents_de_la_francophonie\" title=\"Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie\">Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Senghor_University\" title=\"Senghor University\">Senghor University</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_des_francophones_fonctionnaires_des_organisations_internationales\" title=\"Assembl\\xc3\\xa9e des francophones fonctionnaires des organisations internationales\">AFFOI</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/TV5Monde\" title=\"TV5Monde\">TV5Monde</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_La_Francophonie\" title=\"LGBT rights in La Francophonie\">LGBT rights</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div>\\n<ul><li><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Category\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" class=\"noviewer\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"180\" data-file-height=\"185\" /> <a href=\"/wiki/Category:Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie\" title=\"Category:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie\">Category</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409\"/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846\"/></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Former_German_colonies_and_protectorates\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"3\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349\"/><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Former_German_colonies\" title=\"Template:Former German colonies\"><abbr title=\"View this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Former_German_colonies\" title=\"Template talk:Former German colonies\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Former_German_colonies&amp;action=edit\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Former_German_colonies_and_protectorates\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_former_German_colonies\" title=\"List of former German colonies\">Former German colonies and protectorates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Colonies</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:9em\"><a href=\"/wiki/German_colonization_of_Africa\" title=\"German colonization of Africa\">Africa</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/German_East_Africa\" title=\"German East Africa\">East Africa</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kionga_Triangle\" title=\"Kionga Triangle\">Kionga Triangle</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wituland\" title=\"Wituland\">Wituland</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/German_South_West_Africa\" title=\"German South West Africa\">South-West Africa</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/German_West_Africa\" title=\"German West Africa\">West Africa</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kapita%C3%AF_and_Koba\" title=\"Kapita\\xc3\\xaf and Koba\">Kapita\\xc3\\xaf and Koba</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kamerun\" title=\"Kamerun\">Kamerun</a>\\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-size:85%;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Neukamerun\" title=\"Neukamerun\">Neukamerun</a></span></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mahinland\" title=\"Mahinland\">Mahinland</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Togoland\" title=\"Togoland\">Togoland</a></li></ul></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:9em\">Pacific</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/German_New_Guinea\" title=\"German New Guinea\">New Guinea</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/German_Samoa\" title=\"German Samoa\">Samoa</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class=\"noviewer navbox-image plainlist\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px\"><div>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/File:Reichskolonialflagge.svg\" class=\"image\" title=\"Flag of the German colonial empire\"><img alt=\"Flag of the German colonial empire\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reichskolonialflagge.svg/100px-Reichskolonialflagge.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reichskolonialflagge.svg/150px-Reichskolonialflagge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reichskolonialflagge.svg/200px-Reichskolonialflagge.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1800\" data-file-height=\"1200\" /></a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Concession_(territory)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Concession (territory)\">Concessions</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"China\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:9em\">China</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kiautschou_Bay_concession\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kiautschou Bay concession\">Kiautschou</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Qingdao\" title=\"Qingdao\">Tsingtao</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Concessions_in_Tianjin#German_concession_(1899\\xe2\\x80\\x931917)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Concessions in Tianjin\">Tientsin</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Unrecognised</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"Antarctica\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:9em\">Antarctica</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/New_Swabia\" title=\"New Swabia\">New Swabia</a> <span style=\"font-size:85%;\">(claimed by <a href=\"/wiki/Nazi_Germany\" title=\"Nazi Germany\">Nazi Germany</a>)</span></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846\"/><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1038841319\">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox authority-control\" aria-labelledby=\"Authority_control_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><div id=\"Authority_control_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/Help:Authority_control\" title=\"Help:Authority control\">Authority control</a> <a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967#identifiers\" title=\"Edit this at Wikidata\"><img alt=\"Edit this at Wikidata\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" style=\"vertical-align: text-top\" class=\"noprint\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">International</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1212359/\">FAST</a></span></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://isni.org/isni/0000000120977669\">ISNI</a></span></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://viaf.org/viaf/157863385\">VIAF</a></span></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n81025977/\">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">National</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX453849\">Spain</a></span></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934380r\">France</a></span>\\n<ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11880332s\">2</a></span></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15326450w\">3</a></span></li></ul></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934380r\">BnF data</a></span>\\n<ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11880332s\">2</a></span></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15326450w\">3</a></span></li></ul></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://d-nb.info/gnd/4009181-8\">Germany</a></span></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007552775505171\">Israel</a></span></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81025977\">United States</a></span></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://libris.kb.se/pm132kx738pwbj5\">Sweden</a></span></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561085\">Japan</a></span></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted\" title=\"Burundi\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ge128863&amp;CON_LNG=ENG\">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Geographic</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://musicbrainz.org/area/bd96f09c-c2a8-3996-b52f-291521b688c0\">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Other</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=38177\">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003439\">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044244\">NARA</a></span></li>\\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.idref.fr/02658350X\">IdRef</a></span></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span id=\"coordinates\"><a href=\"/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system\" title=\"Geographic coordinate system\">Coordinates</a>: <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1073938472\"/><span class=\"plainlinks nourlexpansion\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Burundi&amp;params=3_30_S_30_00_E_type:country_region:BI\"><span class=\"geo-default\"><span class=\"geo-dms\" title=\"Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location\"><span class=\"latitude\">3\\xc2\\xb030\\xe2\\x80\\xb2S</span> <span class=\"longitude\">30\\xc2\\xb000\\xe2\\x80\\xb2E</span></span></span><span class=\"geo-multi-punct\">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class=\"geo-nondefault\"><span class=\"geo-dec\" title=\"Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location\">3.500\\xc2\\xb0S 30.000\\xc2\\xb0E</span><span style=\"display:none\">&#xfeff; / <span class=\"geo\">-3.500; 30.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></span>\\n</p>\\n<!-- \\nNewPP limit report\\nParsed by mw1385\\nCached time: 20230403165459\\nCache expiry: 1814400\\nReduced expiry: false\\nComplications: [vary\\xe2\\x80\\x90revision\\xe2\\x80\\x90sha1, show\\xe2\\x80\\x90toc]\\nCPU time usage: 1.759 seconds\\nReal time usage: 2.141 seconds\\nPreprocessor visited node count: 17559/1000000\\nPost\\xe2\\x80\\x90expand include size: 547474/2097152 bytes\\nTemplate argument size: 88613/2097152 bytes\\nHighest expansion depth: 19/100\\nExpensive parser function count: 82/500\\nUnstrip recursion depth: 1/20\\nUnstrip post\\xe2\\x80\\x90expand size: 405693/5000000 bytes\\nLua time usage: 0.984/10.000 seconds\\nLua memory usage: 25548548/52428800 bytes\\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400\\n-->\\n<!--\\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\\n100.00% 1775.398      1 -total\\n 31.85%  565.430      2 Template:Reflist\\n 19.36%  343.682      1 Template:Infobox_country\\n 19.35%  343.502      3 Template:Infobox\\n 12.33%  218.973     51 Template:Cite_web\\n  6.61%  117.427      1 Template:Burundi_topics\\n  6.51%  115.643      1 Template:Country_topics\\n  6.02%  106.796      3 Template:Ublist\\n  5.71%  101.333      4 Template:Ambox\\n  5.17%   91.814      1 Template:Sister_project_links\\n-->\\n\\n<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:21490998-0!canonical and timestamp 20230403165457 and revision id 1147699092. Rendering was triggered because: page-view\\n -->\\n</div><!--esi <esi:include src=\"/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content\" /> --><noscript><img src=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none; position: absolute;\" /></noscript>\\n<div class=\"printfooter\" data-nosnippet=\"\">Retrieved from \"<a dir=\"ltr\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;oldid=1147699092\">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;oldid=1147699092</a>\"</div></div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"catlinks\" class=\"catlinks\" data-mw=\"interface\"><div id=\"mw-normal-catlinks\" class=\"mw-normal-catlinks\"><a href=\"/wiki/Help:Category\" title=\"Help:Category\">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Burundi\" title=\"Category:Burundi\">Burundi</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Central_African_countries\" title=\"Category:Central African countries\">Central African countries</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:East_African_countries\" title=\"Category:East African countries\">East African countries</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:English-speaking_countries_and_territories\" title=\"Category:English-speaking countries and territories\">English-speaking countries and territories</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:French-speaking_countries_and_territories\" title=\"Category:French-speaking countries and territories\">French-speaking countries and territories</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Landlocked_countries\" title=\"Category:Landlocked countries\">Landlocked countries</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Least_developed_countries\" title=\"Category:Least developed countries\">Least developed countries</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_the_Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie\" title=\"Category:Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie\">Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_the_African_Union\" title=\"Category:Member states of the African Union\">Member states of the African Union</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_the_United_Nations\" title=\"Category:Member states of the United Nations\">Member states of the United Nations</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Republics\" title=\"Category:Republics\">Republics</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1962\" title=\"Category:States and territories established in 1962\">States and territories established in 1962</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Swahili-speaking_countries_and_territories\" title=\"Category:Swahili-speaking countries and territories\">Swahili-speaking countries and territories</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:1962_establishments_in_Burundi\" title=\"Category:1962 establishments in Burundi\">1962 establishments in Burundi</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Countries_in_Africa\" title=\"Category:Countries in Africa\">Countries in Africa</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Former_monarchies\" title=\"Category:Former monarchies\">Former monarchies</a></li></ul></div><div id=\"mw-hidden-catlinks\" class=\"mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden\">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)\" title=\"Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)\">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links\" title=\"Category:Webarchive template wayback links\">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_uses_authors_parameter\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: uses authors parameter\">CS1 maint: uses authors parameter</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description\" title=\"Category:Articles with short description\">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata\" title=\"Category:Short description is different from Wikidata\">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages\" title=\"Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages\">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_December_2019\" title=\"Category:EngvarB from December 2019\">EngvarB from December 2019</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2019\" title=\"Category:Use dmy dates from December 2019\">Use dmy dates from December 2019</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Kirundi-language_text\" title=\"Category:Articles containing Kirundi-language text\">Articles containing Kirundi-language text</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text\" title=\"Category:Articles containing French-language text\">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_explicitly_cited_English-language_text\" title=\"Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text\">Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats\" title=\"Category:Articles with hAudio microformats\">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations\" title=\"Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations\">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2005\" title=\"Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005\">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements\" title=\"Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements\">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements\" title=\"Category:All articles with unsourced statements\">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2013\" title=\"Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013\">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2023\" title=\"Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023\">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2008\" title=\"Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008\">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2018\" title=\"Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2018\">Articles needing additional references from March 2018</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references\" title=\"Category:All articles needing additional references\">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_March_2018\" title=\"Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from March 2018\">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from March 2018</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating\" title=\"Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating\">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues\" title=\"Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues\">Articles with multiple maintenance issues</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2021\" title=\"Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021\">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2004\" title=\"Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004\">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_April_2010\" title=\"Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2010\">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2010</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2012\" title=\"Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012\">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_June_2018\" title=\"Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2018\">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2018</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata\" title=\"Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata\">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search\" title=\"Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search\">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_French-language_sources_(fr)\" title=\"Category:Articles with French-language sources (fr)\">Articles with French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Curlie_links\" title=\"Category:Articles with Curlie links\">Articles with Curlie links</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_FAST_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with FAST identifiers\">Articles with FAST identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_ISNI_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with ISNI identifiers\">Articles with ISNI identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with VIAF identifiers\">Articles with VIAF identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_WorldCat_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with WorldCat identifiers\">Articles with WorldCat identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNE_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with BNE identifiers\">Articles with BNE identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNF_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with BNF identifiers\">Articles with BNF identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNFdata_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with BNFdata identifiers\">Articles with BNFdata identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with GND identifiers\">Articles with GND identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_J9U_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with J9U identifiers\">Articles with J9U identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with LCCN identifiers\">Articles with LCCN identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Libris_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with Libris identifiers\">Articles with Libris identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_NDL_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with NDL identifiers\">Articles with NDL identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_NKC_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with NKC identifiers\">Articles with NKC identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_MusicBrainz_area_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers\">Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_EMU_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with EMU identifiers\">Articles with EMU identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_HDS_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with HDS identifiers\">Articles with HDS identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_NARA_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with NARA identifiers\">Articles with NARA identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_SUDOC_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Articles with SUDOC identifiers\">Articles with SUDOC identifiers</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata\" title=\"Category:Coordinates on Wikidata\">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t</main>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t<div class=\"mw-footer-container\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\n<footer id=\"footer\" class=\"mw-footer\" role=\"contentinfo\" >\\n\\t<ul id=\"footer-info\">\\n\\t<li id=\"footer-info-lastmod\"> This page was last edited on 1 April 2023, at 16:24<span class=\"anonymous-show\">&#160;(UTC)</span>.</li>\\n\\t<li id=\"footer-info-copyright\">Text is available under the <a rel=\"license\" href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License\">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0</a><a rel=\"license\" href=\"//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/\" style=\"display:none;\"></a>;\\nadditional terms may apply.  By using this site, you agree to the <a href=\"//foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use\">Terms of Use</a> and <a href=\"//foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy\">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia\\xc2\\xae is a registered trademark of the <a href=\"//www.wikimediafoundation.org/\">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li>\\n</ul>\\n\\n\\t<ul id=\"footer-places\">\\n\\t<li id=\"footer-places-privacy\"><a href=\"https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy\">Privacy policy</a></li>\\n\\t<li id=\"footer-places-about\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:About\">About Wikipedia</a></li>\\n\\t<li id=\"footer-places-disclaimers\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer\">Disclaimers</a></li>\\n\\t<li id=\"footer-places-contact\"><a href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us\">Contact Wikipedia</a></li>\\n\\t<li id=\"footer-places-mobileview\"><a href=\"//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burundi&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile\" class=\"noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle\">Mobile view</a></li>\\n\\t<li id=\"footer-places-developers\"><a href=\"https://developer.wikimedia.org\">Developers</a></li>\\n\\t<li id=\"footer-places-statslink\"><a href=\"https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org\">Statistics</a></li>\\n\\t<li id=\"footer-places-cookiestatement\"><a href=\"https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cookie_statement\">Cookie statement</a></li>\\n</ul>\\n\\n\\t<ul id=\"footer-icons\" class=\"noprint\">\\n\\t<li id=\"footer-copyrightico\"><a href=\"https://wikimediafoundation.org/\"><img src=\"/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png\" srcset=\"/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/footer/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x\" width=\"88\" height=\"31\" alt=\"Wikimedia Foundation\" loading=\"lazy\" /></a></li>\\n\\t<li id=\"footer-poweredbyico\"><a href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/\"><img src=\"/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png\" alt=\"Powered by MediaWiki\" srcset=\"/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x\" width=\"88\" height=\"31\" loading=\"lazy\"/></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n\\n</footer>\\n\\n\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t</div> \\n</div> \\n\\n<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({\"wgHostname\":\"mw1395\",\"wgBackendResponseTime\":139,\"wgPageParseReport\":{\"limitreport\":{\"cputime\":\"1.759\",\"walltime\":\"2.141\",\"ppvisitednodes\":{\"value\":17559,\"limit\":1000000},\"postexpandincludesize\":{\"value\":547474,\"limit\":2097152},\"templateargumentsize\":{\"value\":88613,\"limit\":2097152},\"expansiondepth\":{\"value\":19,\"limit\":100},\"expensivefunctioncount\":{\"value\":82,\"limit\":500},\"unstrip-depth\":{\"value\":1,\"limit\":20},\"unstrip-size\":{\"value\":405693,\"limit\":5000000},\"entityaccesscount\":{\"value\":1,\"limit\":400},\"timingprofile\":[\"100.00% 1775.398      1 -total\",\" 31.85%  565.430      2 Template:Reflist\",\" 19.36%  343.682      1 Template:Infobox_country\",\" 19.35%  343.502      3 Template:Infobox\",\" 12.33%  218.973     51 Template:Cite_web\",\"  6.61%  117.427      1 Template:Burundi_topics\",\"  6.51%  115.643      1 Template:Country_topics\",\"  6.02%  106.796      3 Template:Ublist\",\"  5.71%  101.333      4 Template:Ambox\",\"  5.17%   91.814      1 Template:Sister_project_links\"]},\"scribunto\":{\"limitreport-timeusage\":{\"value\":\"0.984\",\"limit\":\"10.000\"},\"limitreport-memusage\":{\"value\":25548548,\"limit\":52428800}},\"cachereport\":{\"origin\":\"mw1385\",\"timestamp\":\"20230403165459\",\"ttl\":1814400,\"transientcontent\":false}}});});</script>\\n<script type=\"application/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\\/\\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"Article\",\"name\":\"Burundi\",\"url\":\"https:\\\\/\\\\/en.wikipedia.org\\\\/wiki\\\\/Burundi\",\"sameAs\":\"http:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikidata.org\\\\/entity\\\\/Q967\",\"mainEntity\":\"http:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikidata.org\\\\/entity\\\\/Q967\",\"author\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Contributors to Wikimedia projects\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikimedia.org\\\\/static\\\\/images\\\\/wmf-hor-googpub.png\"}},\"datePublished\":\"2001-04-22T00:44:52Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-01T16:24:23Z\",\"image\":\"https:\\\\/\\\\/upload.wikimedia.org\\\\/wikipedia\\\\/commons\\\\/5\\\\/50\\\\/Flag_of_Burundi.svg\",\"headline\":\"sovereign state in Africa\"}</script><script type=\"application/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\\/\\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"Article\",\"name\":\"Burundi\",\"url\":\"https:\\\\/\\\\/en.wikipedia.org\\\\/wiki\\\\/Burundi\",\"sameAs\":\"http:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikidata.org\\\\/entity\\\\/Q967\",\"mainEntity\":\"http:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikidata.org\\\\/entity\\\\/Q967\",\"author\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Contributors to Wikimedia projects\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikimedia.org\\\\/static\\\\/images\\\\/wmf-hor-googpub.png\"}},\"datePublished\":\"2001-04-22T00:44:52Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-01T16:24:23Z\",\"image\":\"https:\\\\/\\\\/upload.wikimedia.org\\\\/wikipedia\\\\/commons\\\\/5\\\\/50\\\\/Flag_of_Burundi.svg\",\"headline\":\"sovereign state in Africa\"}</script>\\n</body>\\n</html>'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "source"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "cdaaa492",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import bs4 as bs\n",
    "soup = bs.BeautifulSoup(source, 'html.parser')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "85b4685d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Burundi'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "soup.find(\"h1\").text"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "fc773412",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Republic of Burundi'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "soup.find(class_=\"fn org country-name\").text"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "e3f4292e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Republic of BurundiRepuburika y’Uburundi (Kirundi)République du Burundi (French)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(soup.find('table').find_all('tr')[0].text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "54c2a4bb",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# ⏪ Today's recap\n",
    "\n",
    "- open source data\n",
    "- webscraping with beautiful soup"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c3c47662",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "<center><img src='img/bye.gif' style='height:250px;'></center> \n",
    "\n",
    "# Next class: Twitter\n",
    "# See you next Friday!"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "celltoolbar": "Slideshow",
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.9.13"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 5
}